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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
RNA polymerase
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catalyzes transcription of DNA
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transcription
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the copyin g of the dNA message onto mRNA
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translation
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reading of messenger RNA for protein synthesis
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mRNA
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directs synthesis of a protein
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tRNA
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binds to an amion oacid and holds it in place on a ribosome until it is incorportated into a protein during translation
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rRNA
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joins with ribosomal proteins to make ribosomes
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promotor
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segment of DNA where transcription begins
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intron
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do not code for parts of proteins
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exon
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do code for parts of proteins
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lysosomes
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vesicle formed from golgi complex; contains digestive enzymes
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peroxisomes
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vesicles containing oxidases and catalase
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proteasomes
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tiny structure that contains proteases (proteolytic enzymes); degrade defective transporters
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facilitated dffusion
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passive movement of a substance down its concentration gradient via transmembrane proteins that act as transporters
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primary active transport
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transport of a substance across the membrane across its concentration gradient by pumps; transmembrane proteins that use energy supplied by hydrolysis of ATP
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primary active transport
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uses energy derived from hydrolysis of AT to chane the shape of a transporter protein, which "pumps" a substance across a cellular membrane against its concentration gradient
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secondary active transport
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indirectly uses energy obtained from the breakdown of ATP; involves symporters and antiporters
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phagocytosis
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type of endocytosis in which large solid particles are taken in
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pinocytosis
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type of endocytosis that involves the nonselective uptake of tiny droplets of extracellualr fluid
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exocytosis
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movememnt of materials out of the cell by fusing of secretory vesicles w/ the plasma membrane
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receptor mediated endocytosis
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process that allows a cell to take specific ligands from the ECF by forming vesicles
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trancytosis
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vesicular movement involving endocytosis on on eside of a cell and subsequent exocytosis on the opposite side of the cell
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cations
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a positively charged ion
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anions
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a negatively charged ion
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which atom in H2O has greater electronegativity?
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the oxygen atom than the hydrogens
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Why would you expect ammonia to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules?
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the N atom in ammoni ais electro negative; it attracts electrons stronger tha H atons; the nitrogen end has a slight negative charge whic hattracts the H's
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exergonic rxn
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reactants have more potential energy than the products
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does a catalyst change potential energies?
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NO. a catalyst lowers the activation energy needed to get a rxn going
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phospholipid bilayer: hydrophilic and hydrophobic
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polar head is hydrophilic and the nonpolar tail is hydrophobic
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amino acid-minimum number of C and N atoms?
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2 carbon and 1 nitrogen
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RNA polymerase
|
catalyzes transcription of DNA
|
|
transcription
|
the copyin g of the dNA message onto mRNA
|
|
translation
|
reading of messenger RNA for protein synthesis
|
|
mRNA
|
directs synthesis of a protein
|
|
tRNA
|
binds to an amion oacid and holds it in place on a ribosome until it is incorportated into a protein during translation
|
|
rRNA
|
joins with ribosomal proteins to make ribosomes
|
|
promotor
|
segment of DNA where transcription begins
|
|
intron
|
do not code for parts of proteins
|
|
exon
|
do code for parts of proteins
|
|
lysosomes
|
vesicle formed from golgi complex; contains digestive enzymes
|
|
peroxisomes
|
vesicles containing oxidases and catalase
|
|
proteasomes
|
tiny structure that contains proteases (proteolytic enzymes); degrade defective transporters
|
|
facilitated dffusion
|
passive movement of a substance down its concentration gradient via transmembrane proteins that act as transporters
|
|
primary active transport
|
transport of a substance across the membrane across its concentration gradient by pumps; transmembrane proteins that use energy supplied by hydrolysis of ATP
|