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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What happens after the death of Caesar?
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Fear and shock in the streets of Rome, the people feel betrayed by the senators = no trust, afraid of who will rule next, and afraid the new rulers will attack the conspirators
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Who will senate choose to be the new ruler?
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Mark Antony? Octavian Caesar?
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Why might they choose Mark Antony?
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Caesar's right hand man, well known to the people of Rome, will inspire trust and good faith towards the senators
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Why might they not choose Mark Antony?
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Should they fear that he will rule like Caesar? Will he try to avenge Caesar's death?
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Why might they choose Octavian Caesar?
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Caesar's adopted son and legal heir, the people in Rome might take comfort in a family member taking over,
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Why might they not choose Octavian Caesar?
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he may be easily controlled by the senate = long, inexperienced, weak., Will he be able to stand up to Mark Antony?
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Who did they choose to rule?
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They chose Octavian. Octavian knows that he can't pull this off alone so he teams up with Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus to form the second triumvirate.
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What is Octavian's first order of business?
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His first order of business is to deal with Caesar's assassinators.
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What happens between Antony and Octavian?
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A power struggle, so Octavian suggests to Lepidus to retired because of his age.
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How do Antony and Octavian split up the lands?
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Antony takes the eastern part of the empire and Octavian takes the western part of the empire.
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What does Cleopatra do?
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She gets to Antony to fall in love with her and Antony decides to marry her.
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What does Antony figure if he marries her?
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That he has the upper hand because Rome wants to hang on to Egypt so now the senate likes Antony better.
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What did Octavian do in response?
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He declares war on Antony and Cleopatra. He convinces the senate that Antony and Cleopatra are up to no good.
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What does the senate do?
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They go along with it because they don't really want Antony because they think that he has too much power.
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What do Antony and Cleopatra do?
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They run to Egypt and now they have protection.
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What does Octavian do after Antony and Cleopatra run away?
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He comes after them and takes the Western portion of the army to get them. Antony and Cleopatra are determined not to get caught alive, so they use a poisonous snake to bite them in the neck. Octavian gets there and finds them dead.
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What was the result of the march on Egypt?
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Octavian announces Egypt is part of Rome.
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What happens in 27 BCE?
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The senate gives Octavian the title of Augustus. They are making him like a God.
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What has Octavian now become?
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The first Roman Emperor.
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What was the Roman Law?
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It stated that the emperor's power comes directly from the people and when he dies the power goes back to the people to give to the next emperor.
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What does the Roman Law imply?
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There is no guarantee that Octavian's son will take over.
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What did Octavian get?
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He got power of the tribune.
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What does Octavian get to do?
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He gets to give the first speech in the senate.
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What does Octavian getting to first speech begin?
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Julio-Claudian dynasty. Peace is declared throughout the empire.
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What did Augustus do with his new power?
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He was clever and careful. He knew it couldn't appear like a dictatorship or monarchy. Neither the senate nor the people will accept that.
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What does Octavian restore?
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The idea of the republic. He make use that the senate thinks they are in control but being the scene the real power is his.
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What does Augustus keep saying?
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That he will resign once the gov't is moving smoothly.
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What title does Augustus refer?
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He prefers Princeps instead of Imperator.
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What does Augustus reserve the right to do?
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Although officials are voted in, he reserves the right to make his own choices (strong influence on senate).
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Were the changes that Augustus made good?
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He made many changes leading to a prolonged period of peace and prosperity for Rome.
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What mistakes did Julius Caesar make that Augustus managed to avoid?
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Instead of being an enemy of the senate Augustus worked with them, he stroked their ego's so they wouldn't turn against him.
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What was the Pax Romana?
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A public works program that the government builds new roads, buildings, bridges, etc. A new police force and fire department, welfare program.
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What was the army made up of and what oath did they make to Augustus?
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They were professional soldiers and they took an oath of loyalty to Augustus and not their generals.
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What were the good soldier rewarded with?
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With government positions, finances, pensions of retired soldiers.
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What did the soldiers do?
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THey maintain a balance between the rich and the poor.
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What does living modestly do?
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It sets examples for other wealthy not to antagonize the poor. It causes bursts of art and culture.
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What does Augustus encouraging morality do?
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This new peace gives aristocrats the opportunity to be immoral = decadent age.
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What does Rome do?
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It reaches its greatest size and power.
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What does the expansion of trade lead to?
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Eventually hard times as imports increase over exports. This equals a unfavorable balance of trade and will lead to inflation later.
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When does Augustus die?
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At age 76 without conquering Germany.
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If Augustus had misused his power to gain personal wealth and glory, what might have been the results on the empire?
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None of these things, including the burst of arts, would have happened. The government wouldn't be able to run as well as it did.
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What is Propoganda?
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Manipulating what people think.
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Why does Augustus use Propoganda?
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He recognizes the need to make others aware of his positive work. This is to inspire loyalty of the people.
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What forms of Propoganda does he use?
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Writings, monuments, spread the word. The best way to reach all of the empire was through money, in this way he broadcasted his achievements both at home and abroad.
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Why did he begin relinquishing part of his power to Tiberius?
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Since the power comes from the people he wanted people to get used to Tiberius and choose him as their new ruler.
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Who assumed power after Augustus died?
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Tiberius.
This will become a pattern of 200 years, either he would choose a son or member of his family or a suitable candidate in Rome. |
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How many emperors in the Julio-Claudian Dynasty include?
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5.
Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius and Nero. |
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When was Christianity born?
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Born when Augustus is in power and dies when Tiberius is in power. At time of Jesus's birth, Herod had initiated a decree that jewish baby boys would be killed.
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Who does Julius Caesar appoint as procurator (Roman Govener of a Province) ruling Judea as representative of Rome?
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Antipator, he starts the Herodian Dynasty.
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Who conquers Judea?
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Pompey, And Judea becomes a Roman province in 63 BCE.
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What did the jews want to have?
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They always wanted to feel that they had Autonomy (Self Governing) even if they were under foreign rule.
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When is Herod appointed?
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After his after Antipator dies, he was "King of the Jews"
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What was Herod?
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A very Romanized Jew.
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What was the Jewish community in Judea at the time divided between?
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The Pharisses and the Saducces.
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Who were the Saducces?
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They were loyal to Rome, not religious, wealthy or kohanim.
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Who were the Pharisses?
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They were the majority of population. Poor farmers, more religious.
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What was Herod?
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He was Rome's choice, not the Jew's.
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What did this lead to?
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Strong hopes within Jewish communities in Judea for a messiah to lead them to freedom from Roman rule.
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What sort of leader is Herod?
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He killed people when they spoke out and put eagle at the entrance of the temple. He was terrible.
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What the Pharisses do when Herod died?
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They tore down the Roman eagle from the entrance of the temple. Rome views this as a Jewish rebellion.
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Who was Pontious Pilate?
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He is more insistent that Jews Romanize than Herod was. Promised Jews to build them an aqueduct that would get them a much needed water supply to Jeruselum. Pharisses say no but kohanim and Saducces say yes. Now there are more rebellions.
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What does Pontious have now?
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Statues of Gods and Godesses and statues of Caesar in the beis hamikdash. Pontious will decide who will be kohen.
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