Afro American History Chapter 16-20 Final Exam Study Questions Mr. Brown #1

Front 1

W.E.B. Du Bois

Back 1

He founded the N.A.A.C.P. in 1909 & was a founding member of the Niagara Movement in 1905. ####################################

Front 2

The N.A.A.C.P. (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)

Back 2

This was a militant organization dedicated to racial justice when it was founded. White leaders dominated it, and white contributors largely financed it.

Front 3

Lillian Wald, Jane Addams, Joel E. Spingard, Clarence Darrow, and Moorfield Storey.

Back 3

White progressives, founding members of the N.A.A.C.P. #########################################################

Front 4

Du Bois, Ida B. Wells, and Mary Church Terrell

Back 4

Black progressive founding members of the N.A.A.C.P. ####################################################

Front 5

1915 Supreme Court decision Guinn vs United States

Back 5

The first legal victory for the N.A.A.C.P. was the Supreme Court case that overturned Oklahoma's grandfather clauses that prohibited black voting.

Front 6

The Urban League

Back 6

This organizations goal was to alleviate conditions black people faced when they moved to large cities during the great migration of the 1920s and 1930s

Front 7

Anna Julia Cooper

Back 7

She was an African American feminist who fought against the stereo-type that black women lacked refinement, grace, and morality.

Front 8

The first phase of the great migration

Back 8

This occurred between 1910 and 1920 when approximately 500,000 blacks moved to northern industrial cities to escape the racial and economic discrimination they faced in the South under Jim Crow.

Front 9

During the 1920s-1930s

Back 9

In this period racial discrimination in the North was more subtle and less overt than in the South. ################################################

Front 10

Black community leaders

Back 10

They encouraged blacks to be involved in community and political affairs. ######################################################

Front 11

Harlem, New York

Back 11

This city emerged as one the most prominent and most prosperous African American communities in the United States from 1910-1920. #############################################

Front 12

Beginning during World War I

Back 12

During this time unskilled labor needs made jobs readily available to African American men who had left the rural South. ################################################

Front 13

Xenophobia

Back 13

Fear of foreigners swept the nation in the 1920s. Italian immigrants and Jews became immediate targets of bigotry. #################################################

Front 14

Pseudo-scholars and intellectuals

Back 14

They warned white Americans to be aware of the siege that was taking place in America. #############################################################

Front 15

Madison Grant

Back 15

She wrote and published, "The Passing of the Great Race" warned that northern Europeans were being threatened by none existence as inferior people from eastern and southern Europe were diluting their blood-lines.

Front 16

Marcus Garvey

Back 16

He was born in 1887 in Jamaica, founded the Universal Negro Improvement association {U.N.I.A.) in 1914. He was a printer, public speaker, and advocate of Pan-Africanism. He moved to America in 1916. He urged blacks to take pride in themselves' as they restored their race to its previous greatness.

Front 17

A. Philip Randolph

Back 17

He became the primary union organizer for more than 12,000 African American sleeping car porters. He lobbied the American Federation of Labor {AFL) to recognize the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters in 1925.

Front 18

While black entertainers, musicians, and innovators were making progress

Back 18

White athletes and sports entrepreneurs increasingly opposed the presence of black men in rings and on playing fields. ####################################

Front 19

Jack Johnson

Back 19

He was an African American, born in Galveston Texas in 1878 became heavyweight champion in 1902. He was the champion from 1902 to 1915. His championship was marked by strong opposition from whites because he married a white woman in 1911.

Front 20

Andrew 'Babe' Foster

Back 20

He was the 20th century father of baseball in the 20th century. In 1911, he founded the Chicago American Giants. In 1920 he was the catalyst behind the formation of an eight team Negro National League.

Front 21

During the Great Depression

Back 21

Blacks in the rural agricultural South were hit especially hard financially. Cash-crop production imploded as the demand for cotton and sugar fell.

Front 22

Cotton prices

Back 22

During the Great Depression this fell from 18 cent a pound in 1929 to six cent a pound in 1933. #######################################################

Front 23

Millions of Urban North black industrial workers

Back 23

From 1929 to 1933 they faced lay-offs and increased unemployment as a result of the Great Depression. #####################################################

Front 24

Black domestic workers

Back 24

During the Great Depression in northern and southern cities they saw a significant decrease in work opportunities and wages. Their wages plummeted to 25 cents per hour.

Front 25

They bartered between each other

Back 25

In southern rural communities without money to purchase goods and services blacks often did this as they pooled resources to survive during the Great Depression.

Front 26

Dr. Matilda A. Evans (1872-1935) of Columbia, South Carolina

Back 26

She was an 1897 graduate of the Woman's Medical College in Philadelphia From 1931-1933 she lobbied state officials and the business community to provide services to African American school children.

Front 27

Walter White

Back 27

He was the astute leader of the NAACP during the 1930s, pressed for anti-lynching laws, racial justice, and expanded the membership and scope of the NAACP as a bi-racial civil rights organization.

Front 28

Charles Hamilton Houston

Back 28

He was a Harvard-trained African American lawyer and scholar who led the NAACP legal campaign during the 1930s thru the 1940s

Front 29

Thurgood Marshall

Back 29

This man became one of Houston best law students. During the 1930s, He and Houston concentrated on bringing greater parity between pay for black and white teachers.

Front 30

U.N.I.A.

Back 30

Universal Negro Improvement association 1914