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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Beta Giorghis
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Church of Saint George
Rock church, shape of modified cross, Byzantine 13th Century Made of Tufa Reductive process Basilica One of 11 churches meant to inspire pilgrimages Wanted to create a New Jerusalem in the highlands Can travel to a holy land closer than Jerusalem Windows framed with harag |
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Marian imagery
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Depicts the virgin Mary
Diptych, Fre Siyon1450- portable, two paneled, tempera on wood, Mary holds Jesus with little expression, angels in corner. Rows of saints on right, variety created through differences in beards, hair, and hand gestures |
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The Zagwe Dynasty (Solomonic Period)
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Began when emperor who claimed to be descended from the rulers of Askum established himself as the heir of the biblical King David. According to the legend, after the Queen of Sheba visited King Solomon, the son of David, she bore a son named Menelik and he succeeded her in ruling Ethiopia
Patrons of the Church Gadl (Account of the lives of saints) 14th century |
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Lalibela
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Emperor Labibela still regarded as a saint due to his contributions to the New Jerusalem
Angels took up tools of sleeping workers every night to help them complete the churches Basilica form Beta Giorghis- 13th century |
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The New Jerusalem
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King Labelia wanted to create a closer Jerusalem
Beta Giorghis- 13th century |
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Tufa
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Volcanic rock, soft to dig and carve, exposed to air= hardens
Beta Giorghis- 13th century |
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Khamsa
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Eye in middle
Good luck Hand of Fatima 5 pillars of Islam- There is one God, prayer five times a day, Almsgiving, fasting during Ramadan, pilgrimage to Mecca Hand, Farid Belkahia- 1980 |
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The Golden Stool of the Asante
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Stools commissioned for daily or personal use
Soul transferred to stool when died, kept in shrine 1700 Contains history and essence of Asante nation Symbolizes unification of Akan under the Asante Has its own chair |
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The color white
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Color of ancestral world, purity, spiritual power as a result of clitoridectomy
Initiate with throne, 1976 |
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Kente Cloth
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Akan textiles, for royalty, cotton-silk
Men weave them, passed down in families Designs in strips The Ejisuhene 1976 |
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The Akan drum
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Female drum
Most important drum of an ensemble is known as the mother of a group Supported on back of an animal Drum, Osei Bonsu, 1930s |
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The lost wax process (circe perdu)
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Pre-European
Start with wax, soft, fix mistakes, cover with clay mold, fill up with metal, lose wax Head, Yoruba 15th century |
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Timkat
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church officials, elaborately dressed
umbrellas=dome of Heaven tabots- chests replicating the tablets that Moses brought from the mountain with the ten commandments Ally themselves with Jerusalem and the Byzantine Empire Lead by debtera- priests trained in singing Epiphany |
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Major art
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Scultpure, painting, architecture
Mosque at Djenne, 13th century |
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Minor art
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Not sculpture, painting, or architecture
Kente Cloth |
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Aniconic art
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absence of imagery
Mosque of Quairoun, 836 |
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mosque
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place where Muslim worshippers pray together
Mosque of Quairoun, 836 |
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5 pillars of Islam
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One God, prayer 5 times a day, fasting at Ramadan, almsgiving, pilgrimage to Mecca
Quibla wall- marks the directions Muslims pray (always towards Mecca) Mosque of Quairoun, 836 |
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"Great men move slowly." -Akan saying
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Kings of Ghana wear large amounts of regalia
Statements of political authority and financial superiority, spiritual protection The Ejisuhene, Ruler of Ejisu, 1976 |
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Olowe
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Yoruba sculptor
leader of all carvers worked at palace of king at Ire Verandah Posts at Ikere Palace, 1910 |
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The Trinity
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Father, son, and holy ghost
Interior of the Church of Debre Berhn Selassie, 17th century |
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The Benin Punitive Expedition
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1897, British officer wanted to visit king in Benin City when he was offering sacrifices to his ancestors. Said he couldn't. Officer came anyway and was ambushed. British navy retaliated with an attack, removed thousands of art objects
Members of the British Punitive Expedition in the Benin Palace with the Treasury of Art Plaque Depicting Architectural Facade and Figures, 16th-17th century |
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Oba
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Central among processions in Benin. Transformed into a work of art
Walking pyramid of symbolic materials and emblems Chief, king Head of an Oba, 17th-18th century |
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Question 1
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Emperor Lalibela wanted to build a New Jerusalem, one closer and more accessible to those in the area. For pilgrimages. Made of tufa, a type of volcanic rock that is soft to dig or carve. When it is exposed to air, it hardens. They are made through a reductive process. All have slightly different plans. Dome inside, cross in relief
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Question 2
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Question 3
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Hinged, portable, can be used in someone's home. Private devotional work. Tempera on glossy covered wood (egg yolk, glossy, rich colors). Made in registers. Saints on right looking towards Mary. All have similar faces. Mary holding Christ on left without expression. Affinity to Byzantine work because of the rhythmic lines, stylized faces, and simplified shapes.
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Question 4
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Question 5
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One of oldest mosques still in use, prototype for later mosques throughout Islamic Africa. Minaret calls to prayer. Take shoes off. Go through courtyard with a fountain, transformation, cleansing at fountain, move from daily lives through space that tells us we are supposed to approach the mosque in a different way. Arches inside lead to qibla wall which faces Mecca. Qibla wall marked by empty niche called mihrab.
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Question 6
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Lozenge pattern is used for protection against the evil eye. The khamsa is an Islamic figure. 5 fingers equals the 5 pillars of Islam. Used for protection against the evil eye. The Hand contains these protective images.
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Question 7
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Founded when king of Jenne converted to Islam. Erected mosque at palace so that the new building absorbed the religious and political power of the old social order. Made of adobe. Wood provides structural support and allows the building to be repaired. Major towers on qibla wall. Fountain near entrance. Columns. Hypostyle hall- forest of columns. Has women's area. Tombs for sainted individuals. Ceiling high because heat rises. Ostrich eggs linked to fertility and the cosmos.
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Question 8
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Made by men.
Kente- 2 4 inch strips sown together. Alternate plain weave and inlay designs. More than 300 named patterns. Pictorial symbols. Associated with societal or spiritual roles. Adinkra- stamp and comb-line designed, mourning cloth, squares, linked proverbs Akunitan- cloth of the great. Allusions to royal power, wealth, and responsibility. Ladder of death= symbol of mortality Fern- I am not afraid of you, endurance, resourcefulness Ram's horns- strength |
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Question 9
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We know a lot about him due to chant poetry. Worked at palace of king.
The size of the women allude to their power. King cannot rule without them. Power of king not in his physical stature. Woman kneeling at foot of Oba. Servant blowing whistle. Queen larger than king. Has a a bird on top of headdress which alludes to the power of women. Gun at waist= colonial powers. |
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Question 10
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On left, king seated comfortably in his chair. Slaves attending to him= peace. On right conveys the Europeans. Sits uncomfortably in his chair. Slaves shackled. Forced into service.
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Question 11
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Pre-European
Wax carved, cover with clay mold, fill up with metal, lose the wax |
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Question 12
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Bidjogo Cattle Masquerade- men become warriors, look back to past traditions, youth would go to raise cattle, mimic behaviors and sounds of untamed bull, have to be held back with rope. Associate bulls with ferocious warfare. Want them to be transformed.
Ceremonial ladle- form of a woman, honors women, important woman in charge of ladle. Provide food for feasts. Main hostess has ladle. Passed down through elections. |
