African American Civil Rights

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What was the 13th amendment?

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Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

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What was the homestead act in 1860?

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This act was signed in by Abraham Lincoln. Anyone who hadn't taken up arms against the United States government could apply for 160 acres of land outside of the 13 colonies. The law required three steps to be taken: file an application, improve the land, and file for deed of title.

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What were the black codes in the 1870s?

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The black codes was the name given to laws passed by the southern governments established during Andrew Johnson's presidency. The laws imposed severe restrictions on freed slaves such as: Prohibiting their right to vote, forbidding them to sit in juries, limiting their rights to testify against white men, carrying weapons in public places and working in certain occupations.

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What is the 14th amendment?

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This is one of the amendments from post-civil war America. It was proposed on 13th June, 1866 and ratified 9thJuly, 1868. This amendment first intended to secure rights for former slaves. It included the due process and equal protection clauses among others. It is perhaps the most significant structural change to the constitution since the passage of the United States Bill of Rights.

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Why does the 14th amendment exist?

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The amendment provides a broad definition of United States citizenship, superseding the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford that had excluded African Americans. The amendment requires states to provide equal protection under the law to all persons

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What was the 15th Amendment?

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The 15th Amendment of the united states constitution provides that no government in the united states may prevent a citizen from voting based on that citizens race, colour, or previous condition of servitude. It was ratified on 3rd February, 1870.

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The reconstruction and what problems did it cause?

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The constitutional amendments and legislative reforms laid the foundations for the most radical phase of the reconstruction. These were enacted from 1865-1871.

By the 1870s the reconstruction had made some progress in providing the freedmen with equal rights under the law, and freedmen were voting and taking political office.

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Plessy vs. Ferguson court case:

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This is a landmark United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States, upholding the constitutionality of racial segregation even in public accommodations (particularly railroads) under the doctrine of "separate but equal".

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The Niagra movement:

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The Niagara Movement was a call for opposition to racial segregation and disenfranchisement as well as policies of accommodation and conciliation promoted by African American leaders such as Booker T. Washington.

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NAACP and Du Bois

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The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (usually abbreviated as NAACP) is one of the oldest and most influential civil rights organizations in the United States. The NAACP was founded on February 12, 1909 by a diverse group composed of W. E. B. Du Bois

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KKK

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Ku Klux Klan (KKK) is the name of several past and present secret organizations in the United States, mostly in the South, that are best known for advocating white supremacy and acting as vigilantes while hidden behind conic masks and white robes. The first KKK arose in the turmoil after the Civil War. It used terrorism, violence, and lynching to intimidate and oppress African Americans. The organization declined from 1868 to 1870 and was destroyed by President Ulysses S. Grant's prosecution and enforcement under the Civil Rights Act of 1871.In 1915, the second Klan was founded. It grew rapidly in another period of postwar social tensions. After WWI, many Americans coped with booming growth rates in major cities, where numerous waves of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and the Great Migration of Southern blacks and whites were being absorbed.