Africa

Front 1

Nile River

Back 1

World's longest river.
Headwaters (start): Lake Victoria
Mouth (delta/end): Mediterranean Sea
-Cairo, Egypt

Front 2

Madagascar

Back 2

World's fourth largest island.
-Also a country.

Front 3

Great East African Rift

Back 3

Region of tectonic plate activity in E. Africa by the plates diverging.

Front 4

Highest point in Africa

Back 4

Mount Kiliminjaro
-18,240 feet
-Kenya/Tanzania border.
-It's a volcanoe.
-Apart of GEARVS

Front 5

Lowest point in Africa

Back 5

Djibouti's Lake Assal
-571 feet below sea level.
-Also apart of GEARVS.

Front 6

Horst

Back 6

Special plateaus formed by the surrounding land diverging.
-Common in GEARVS.

Front 7

Graben

Back 7

Special valley/ depression formed by the surrounding lands diverging.
Ex: The many lakes in GEARVS.

Front 8

Sahara Desert

Back 8

World's largest desert.
-1/3 of Africa.
-As large as the contiguous USA.

Front 9

Loess

Back 9

Geographic term for blowing silt or sand.
Saharan loess gets blown across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas.

Front 10

Erg

Back 10

Geographic term for sand dune.

Front 11

Big Daddy

Back 11

World's largest erg.
-1,100 feet.
-In the Namib Desert in Nambibia.

Front 12

Largest city in Africa. (Population)

Back 12

Cairo, Egypt.
-Approximately 14 million.

Front 13

Largest country in Africa. (Population)

Back 13

Nigeria.
-8th largest in the world.
-Approximately 155 million

Front 14

Pharoah Scorpion I's tomb

Back 14

Heiroglyphics carved into bone fragments.
-Discovered and dated to 3300 BC. (5300 years old)
-Oldest human writing ever found.

Front 15

Mesopotamia

Back 15

Meso (between) potamia (rivers).
-Ancient Irag.
-Between Tigris and Euphrates River.
-One of the world's oldest civilizations.

Front 16

Cuneiform

Back 16

Ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia.
-Wedge shaped pressed into clay tablets.
-The oldest sample dates back to 3200 BC. (5200 years old)

Front 17

Fertile crescent

Back 17

Considered the cradle of world civilization.
-Includes the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.
-Mesopotamia (Iraq), Jordan (Israel), and the Nile (Egypt)

Front 18

Meaning of the world's oldest writing

Back 18

Reciepts for taxes paid to Pharoah Scorpion I. He may have been the first pharoah of a unified Egypt.

Front 19

Maghrebs

Back 19

Islamic North Africa.

Front 20

Arab Spring 2011

Back 20

Wave of pro-democracy revolts that led to three North African dictators being overthrown in 2011.
-Tunsinia (he fled)
-Egypt (he was arrested)
-Libya (he was killed)

Front 21

Shariah law

Back 21

Strict interpretation of Islam.
-Practiced by Islamic fundamentalists (extremeist).

Front 22

Timbuktu, Mali

Back 22

Ancient trade center in Maghred.
-Founded by the Tuareg herders.
-Today the word timbuktu means a far away place (middle of nowhere).

Front 23

Tuareg

Back 23

Nomadic herders of North Africa (Berbers) in the Sahara Desert.

Front 24

Zawahari

Back 24

New leader of Al Qaida (Osama Bin Laden's terrorist organization) from Egypt.

Front 25

Col. Ghadafi

Back 25

Former dictator of Libya and enemy of the USA.
-Overthrown and killed by his own people during the Arab Springs revolt.

Front 26

Pan Am 103

Back 26

Flight from London to NYC.
-Dec. 1998
-Blown up over Scotland by a Libyan bomb placed on board.
-Worst terrorist attack until 9/11.

Front 27

NATO airwar over Libya 2011

Back 27

NATO warplanes (including America) bombed Ghadafi's forces leading to his overthrowing by Libyan rebels.

Front 28

Sahel

Back 28

Arabic word for shore.
-Southern shore (edge) of the Sahara.
-Geographic boundary between the two main parts of Africa, North and Sub-Saharan Africa.

Front 29

Desertification in the Sahel

Back 29

Combination of drought and growing population in the sahel.
-Means the Sahara is expanding northward.

Front 30

Animism

Back 30

Religon in which people believ in the presence of the spirits and forces and nature.
Ex: Sub-Saharan Africa and Japan.

Front 31

The Lost Boys of Sudan

Back 31

Large group of about 10,000 orphans.
-Southern Sudanese boys who fled to Kenya (becoming refugees) to scape the genocide from the north in the 1990s.

Front 32

South Sudan

Back 32

Broke away from Maghreb.
-Northern Sudan in 2011 after 5 decades of fighting and genocide.

Front 33

Operation Restore Hope 1992

Back 33

US soldiers were sent to Somalia to make sure the donated food aid got to the starving Somalis. This ended in 1993 after the battle of Mogadishu when US army blackhawk helicopters were shot down.

Front 34

Maersk Alabama

Back 34

US ships hijacked by Somali pirates in 2009. These were rescued by Navy SEALS.

Front 35

Somali pirates

Back 35

They launch raids from Somalia (Horn of Africa) taking over ships and demanding ransom money.

Front 36

Berlin conference 1884

Back 36

European powers settled colonial disputes in Africa.
-All African lands were colonized by Europeans except Ethiopia and Liberia.

Front 37

Rwandan genocide 1994

Back 37

Two rival African tribes, the Hutus and the Tutsis, engaged in a genocide against each other.
-About 1 million people were killed.

Front 38

Imbabazi

Back 38

The orphanage that Roz Carr established for orphans of the Rwandan genocide.
-Word means "motherly love".

Front 39

Zanzibar

Back 39

Well known Tanzanian tropical resort island in the Indian Ocean.

Front 40

Swahili

Back 40

Lingua franca (commonly used language) of Eastern Africa.

Front 41

Jane Goodall

Back 41

British scientist.
-World's leading expert on chimps.
-She has a research park in W. Tanzania on Lake Tanganyika.

Front 42

Serengeti plains/park

Back 42

Large national park in Tanzania.
-Famous for its diversity of wildlife.

Front 43

Savanna

Back 43

Tropical grasslands
Ex: Serengeti plains/parks.

Front 44

Human welfare in Africa
(Standard of living)

Back 44

Lowest in the world, primarily because most African countries are in the developing world and are extremely poor.

Front 45

HIV/AIDS pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa

Back 45

About 75% of all HIV/AIDS cases in the world are in Sub-Saharan Africa.
-Major health issues.

Front 46

Philanthropist Bill Gates

Back 46

He's the richest American and is now giving away his wealth to various causes.
Ex: Donated $100 million to try and find the HIV vaccine.

Front 47

Pres. G.W. Bush's emergency program for AIDS relief

Back 47

First bill funded $15 billion for AIDS medications for Africa.
-Renewed the bill in 2008 for $30 billion more.

Front 48

Malaria

Back 48

Disease spread by mosquitoes that is common in the tropics, but especially bad in Sub-Saharan Africa.
-Leading cause of death of young children in Africa.

Front 49

Botswana's diamonds

Back 49

Worlds leading producer of diamonds.
-Native Kalahari bushmen are being evicted from their lands as the mining operations expand.

Front 50

Apartheid

Back 50

Racial segregation system of South Africa.
-Ended in the 1990s.

Front 51

Afrikaaners/ Afrikaans

Back 51

White South Africans.
-Mostly British and Dutch.
-Afrikaans is a South African dialect, it is a blend of English and Dutch.

Front 52

Homelands

Back 52

Reservations where the native black South Africans were forced to live during the apartheid era. Some are now independent nations.

Front 53

Mandela's 90th birthday celebration.
46664 concert in London

Back 53

2008 concert, 46664 was Mandela's prison number. That's how many tickets were sold to benefit his AIDS charity.

Front 54

Kofi Annan

Back 54

Leader of the United Nations from 1997-2007.
-From Ghana.
-Winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.