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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Terrain
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landlocked, mostly mountains and deserts, few roads
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Climate
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semiarid; cold winter, hot summer
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3 largest ethnic groups
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Pashtun (38%), Tajik (25%), Hazara (19%)
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Pashtuns
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Sunni Muslims; ruling elite (Baba and Amir)
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Hazaras
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Shiite lowerclass; linked to the Moguls (Ali and Hassan)
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Literacy rate
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36% total (51% of men, 21 % of women)
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Who receives primary education?
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51% of population, mostly boys
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Life expectancy
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Male: 45
Female: 43 |
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Most important resource
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petroleum
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Why is their economy struggling?
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difficult terrain
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Leading producer of what product?
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Opium
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What is their per capita GDP and where does it rank?
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GDP= $800; ranks 217/232 countries
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What is the religious make-up?
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99% Muslim; 84% Sunni, 15% Shiite
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Who introduced Islam and when?
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Arabs when they invaded in 642
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What was the early order of rule?
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Persian then Turkish then Mogul in the 16th century
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Who founded Afghanistan and when?
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Ahmad Durrani (Pashtun); 1722
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How long did the Durrani line rule?
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until 1978
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When did Britain and Russia come in to play?
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1800s
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What was Afghanistan's position during WWI
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neutral
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Gained independance from Britain
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1919
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What is King Amanullah known for?
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Tried to modernize the country and doing so alienated traditional leaders (1919-29)
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Mohammed Zahir Shah
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(1929-73) formed constitutional monarchy; cousin Daoud was Prime Minister
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Constitutional monarchy
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power of monarchy was lessened; only appointed 1.3 of legislators
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Coup against Shah- who and why?
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Daoud, to establish a republic; was unsupported by traditianal elite and tribal leaders
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Republic
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representative democracy
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Communist/Marxist groups
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introduced during Coup and insurgency developed against it
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What involvement did the Soviets have?
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offered to assist gov., but when gov. refused, they invaded in 1979
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Significance of Mujahadin
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"freedom fighters" fought against Soviets and received aid from U.S.; Osama Bin Laden
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1989
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Soviets withdrew
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civil war
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1989-96; between Pakistani backed Taliban (Mujahadin) and the tribes of Northern Alliance
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1996
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Taliban took control and established gov. (harbored Bin Laden and Al Quadeh)
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2001
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Taliban defeated by U.S., Allied, and Northern Alliance troops
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Hamid Karzai
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first democratically elected President (2004)
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current state of affairs
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Karzai rules, but Taliban threatening to regain control
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