Advanced Imaging

Front 1

obstructive and inflammatory lesions inolve primarily the ductal system of major salivary glands and are best evaluated by ____

Back 1

sialography

Front 2

siolography is the ____ injection of ___ media into the ductal system of a salivary gland

Back 2

retrograde

iodinated contrast media

Front 3

example of fat soluble

example of water soluble

Back 3

ethiodol

sinografin

Front 4

+,+,- of fat soluble (opposite of water soluble)

Back 4

+= not diluted by saliva

+= not absorbed across gland mucosa

-= causes foreign body granulomata if duct rupture

Front 5

procedure= dilate and cannulate duct, inject ___ amount contrast until patient signals discomfort

Back 5

0.5-0.75ml

Front 6

2 phases of sialography

Back 6

ductal

acinar

Front 7

4 standard visualizations for sialography

Back 7

AP

AP puffed cheek

lateral

lateral oblique

Front 8

___ is the alternating areas of fusiform dilation and stricturing of primary DUCT

Back 8

sialodochitis

Front 9

destruction of ___ gland in Sjogren's syndrome leads to __ and the appearance of _____ in a pattern described as ____

Back 9

parotid

xerostomia

punctate and globular pseudosialectasis

"fruit-laden, branchless tree"

Front 10

CT makes it possible to accurately ___ primary lesions and assess the presence/absence of _____

Back 10

stage

lymph node metastasis

Front 11

CT not good for

Back 11

soft tissue evaluation

Front 12

CT image orientation

Back 12

axial (horizontal/transverse) crossectional view as if looking at the pt from the floor up

Front 13

neutral density in CT based on ____

Back 13

water=0

Front 14

if tissue is more dense than water it is a __ number (muscle, skin)

if tissue is less dense than water it is a ___ number (fat)

Back 14

+

_

Front 15

_____ unit correlates normal tissue density to density of water

Back 15

Hounsfield unit

Front 16

normal marrow= ___ number

Back 16

-20 to -40 --> positive number if there is a tumor

Front 17

cyst hounsfield unit

Back 17

0

Front 18

___ is taken at the beginning of study to give __ and __ of the slices obtained.

it aids in ___ orientation of individual slices

Back 18

scout image (scannogram)

# and position

spatial orientation

Front 19

MRI measures change in ___ radio signals in a magnetic field

Back 19

low frequency radio signals

Front 20

2 positives for MRI

Back 20

measure soft tissue better than CT

does not use ionizing radiation

Front 21

MRI is not used for

Back 21

bony lesions

Front 22

signal strength for MRI depends on:

Back 22

hydrogen content of tissue (fat has high, cortical bone has low)

Front 23

T1 MRI (opposite of T2)

Back 23

fat looks bright= hyperintense (opaque)

cystic fluid looks dark= hypointense

Front 24

absolute MRI contraindication?

Back 24

implanted ferromagnetic devices (pacemaker, aneurysm clip, prosthetic joint, IUD)

Front 25

nuclear medicine: scinitgraphic images are obtained by injecting a ___ intravenously, waiting about ___ for uptake into the organ of interest, and then assessing its uptake in that tissue by measuring the ___ given off using a gamma camera

Back 25

radiopharmaceutical

2 hours

gamma radiation

Front 26

radionuclides have a ___ rate of decay and a half life of ___

Back 26

rapid

12-24 hours

Front 27

radiopharmaceutical of choice for the study of bone and salivary gland is ___

Back 27

technetium, 20 mCi

Front 28

___= metabolically active areas, increased osteogenesis, and vascular activity

Back 28

hot spot

Front 29

nuclear medicine is an imaging modality characterized by high __ but low ___

Back 29

high sensitivity but low specificity

Front 30

the advantage of nuclear medicine

Back 30

bone changes seen early

(plain film require 60% bone demineralization to be seen radiographically)--> nuc= 5-15%

Front 31

what is the only salivary gland that will be a hot sp;ot

Back 31

warthin tumor

Front 32

another name for ultrasound

Back 32

diagnostic ultrasonography

Front 33

ultrasound: sound waves in ___ mHz range to target tissue and reflected waves are __ into an image

Back 33

7-15

transduced

Front 34

there is no ___ radiation in ultrasound (also MRI)

Back 34

ionizing

Front 35

ultrasound is best suited for

Back 35

providing info on body cavities

Front 36

cone beam CT has lower ___ than MDCT. however, this means it also has less ___

Back 36

radiation

resolution

Front 37

cone beam CT provides a ___, not a single image or stack of images

Back 37

data set

Front 38

conebeam CT is specified for ___

Back 38

certain body parts

Front 39

CBCT has considerable lower radiation dose by __%

room does not need to be ___

for most, pt is ___

Back 39

1.3-22.7%

cooled

seated

Front 40

___ is artifact form high amounts of metal restorations in CBCT and MDCT

Back 40

CBCT = beam hardening

MDCT= streaking artifact

Front 41

CBCT is good for

Back 41

implant simulations= height and width of bone