Advanced Esthetics Chemistry And Biochemistry

Front 1

Analgesic

Back 1

Having a painkillers effect

Front 2

Benzene ring structure

Back 2

What is a hydrocarbon containing 6 carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms

Front 3

Amino group

Back 3

A functional group comprising one nitrogen atom and two hydrogen atoms

Front 4

Carboxyl group

Back 4

A carbon atom double - bonded to an oxygen atom and single - bonded to a hydroxyl group

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Carboxylic acid

Back 5

An organic compound containing the carboxyl functioning group, and carbon with double - bonded oxygen, and an alcohol group atteched

Front 6

Caroteniods

Back 6

Terpeniod compounds with 40 carbon atoms

Front 7

Catalyst

Back 7

A stimulant that initiates and/or increases the rate of a chemical reaction.

Front 8

Chlorine

Back 8

A halogen element commonly a gas that is a strong oxidizer with a strong odor

Front 9

Coenzymes

Back 9

What are vitamins or hormones that assist in any enzyme's activity or act as a cofactor

Front 10

What is a covalent bond

Back 10

Sharing of electrons between atoms that binds the atoms together

Front 11

What is a sugar made up of two simple sugars such as lactose and sucrose

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Disaccharide

Front 12

What are proteins that regulate and catalyze biological reactions in living organisms

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Enzymes

Front 13

What are electrons

Back 13

Subatomic particles that carry a negative charge and circle the nucleus

Front 14

What is an equation

Back 14

Notation representing a chemical reaction

Front 15

What is a compound structure that is formed through the reaction of an acid with an alcohol

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Ester

Front 16

What are fatty acids

Back 16

Lubricant ingredients derived from plant oils or animal fats

Front 17

What is an atom or group of atoms that bonds to a reactive area of an organic compound giving the compound many of its overall characteristics

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Functional group

Front 18

What does the term "hydrophobic " mean

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Not absorbing or mixing with water

Front 19

What is a bond formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions

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Ionic bond

Front 20

What are isoprene units

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Hydrocarbon chains with 5 carbon atoms

Front 21

What term refers to a family of carbohydrates made of a single sugar unit that cannot be converted into smaller carbohydrate molecules

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Monosaccharide

Front 22

What is the nucleus

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Center of the atom

Front 23

What are neutrons

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Subatomic particles found in the nucleus that carry no charge

Front 24

What term refers to compounds that contain the elements carbon

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Organic compounds

Front 25

What are peptide bonds

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The primary linkage between all proteins

Front 26

What term refers to a chart of all the known chemical elements , including naturally occurring elements and synthetic elements

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Periodic table of the elements

Front 27

What are physiologically active organic compounds containing an aromatic ring and a three - carbon chain

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Phenylpropanoids

Front 28

What are carbohydrates that contain 3 or more simple carbohydrate molecules

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Polysaccharides

Front 29

What term refers to the metabolites required for the growth, structure, and reproduction of a plant

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Primary metabolites

Front 30

What are protons

Back 30

Subatomic particles found in the nucleus that carry a positive charge

Front 31

What condition is the result of an oxygen reaction at the unsaturated site of a fatty acid causing decomposition of the oil and a disagreeable odor

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Rancidity

Front 32

What term refers to fatty acids that contain no double bonds

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Saturated fatty acids

Front 33

What are terpeniod compounds

Back 33

Lipids made up of multiple isoprene units

Front 34

What are fatty acids that contain at least one double bond

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Unsaturated fatty acids

Front 35

What are valence electrons

Back 35

Electrons in the outermost shell or energy level of the atom

Front 36

the human body's daily functioning is based on:

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chemical reactions

Front 37

rusting iron and burning wood are examples of changes in:

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chemical properties

Front 38

the lightest element on earth is:

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hydrogen

Front 39

the most abundant element found on earth is:

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oxygen

Front 40

four - fifths of the air inner atmosphere is made up of:

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nitrogen

Front 41

_______ makes up about 65% of the human body and covers 75% of the earth's surface.

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water

Front 42

on the pH scale, _______is neutral

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7

Front 43

____________sudstances make up the physical mixtures of solutions, suspensions and emulsions.

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two or more

Front 44

suspensions are made of _______ of two or more substances.

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uniform mixtures

Front 45

_________ include skin cleansers, moisturizers , and body washes.

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oil - in - water emulsions

Front 46

in water - in - oil emulsions, droplets of water are surrounded by surfactants with their "heads" (hydrophilic ends) pointing ____ and their "tails" (lipophilic ends) pointing _____.

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in, out

Front 47

solutions, suspensions, and emulsions are ____ mixtures.

Back 47

physical

Front 48

a _________is made up of two or more atoms that are chemically joined together .

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molecule

Front 49

what takes place when ice melts and forms water, or when water turns into steam?

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change of state

Front 50

the relative degree of _______ is the potential hydrogen (pH) of a substance.

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acidity or alkalinity

Front 51

anything below 7 on the pH scale is considered:

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acidic

Front 52

acid mantle:

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is the protective barrier of the skin

Front 53

the three states of matter are:

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solid, liquid, and gas

Front 54

how do antioxidants prevent oxidation from occurring?

Back 54

neutralize dress radicals

Front 55

in skin care preparations, surfactants:

Back 55

wet the skin, disperse oil in water, emulsify oil and water

Front 56

a________is a change in the state of a substance, without the formation of a new substance.

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physical change

Front 57

two types of chemical reactions that are important to estheticians are :

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acid - alkali neutralization and oxidation reduction

Front 58

in oil - in - water emulsions:

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droplets of oil are dispersed in water

Front 59

oil - in - water is:

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oil added to water

Front 60

an unstable mixture of two or more _______ substances united with the aid of an emulsifier is an emulsion.

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immiscible

Front 61

water - in - oil emulsions are ______ than oil - in - water emulsions.

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greasier, more resistant , heavier

Front 62

identify the characteristics of solid matter:

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definite size ( volume) and a definite shape

Front 63

a liquid state of matter has:

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definite size, but not a definite shape

Front 64

identify the physical properties of a substance:

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color, odor , weight, density, specific gravity, melting point, boiling point, harness

Front 65

a change in the_________is a chemical change.

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chemical composition of a substance

Front 66

on a pH scale, a change of one of one whole number

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represents a tenfold change in pH

Front 67

the rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production go heat and light, is called:

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combustion

Front 68

solutions, suspensions, and emulsions are differentiated by the:

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size of particles and solubility of the components

Front 69

immiscible substances are:

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not mutually soluble