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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
thermoregulation
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the maintenance of a particular body temperature regardless of changes in the environment
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gill function
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counter current exchange
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lung function
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nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
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hemolymph
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a fluid in certain invertebrates that functions like the blood in vertebrates
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RBC
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Red Blood Cell Count
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WBC
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White Blood Cell Count
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nephron function
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to filter and excrete waste materials from the blood and produce urine
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glomerulus
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a round cluster of interconnected capillaries found in the cortex of a kidney, that remove body waste to be excreted as urine
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Bowman’s capsule
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a cup-shaped part of the kidney that extracts waste and water from the blood and produces urine
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osmoregulation
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the control of the concentration of dissolved substances in the cells and body fluids of an animal
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pharynx
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the throat
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epiglottis
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a flap of cartilage situated at the base of the tongue that covers the opening to the air passages when swallowing, preventing food or liquids from entering the windpipe (trachea)
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esophagus
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the passage down which food moves between the throat and the stomach
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peristalsis
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the waves of involuntary muscle contractions that transport food, waste matter, or other contents
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pepsinogen
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a substance produced by stomach glands that is converted into pepsin after contact with hydrochloric acid during digestion
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small intestines
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the part of the gastrointestinal tract (gut) between the stomach and the large intestine. It is where the vast majority of digestion takes place.
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digestion & absorption occurs in the ____ of the small intestines
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villi
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duodenum
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a hollow jointed tube connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It is the first and shortest part of the small intestine
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pancreas
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glandular organ that secretes digestive enzymes and hormones. (trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, amylase )
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zymogens
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trypsinogen chymotrypsin
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liver
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manufactures and secretes bile
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gall bladder
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stores bile
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bile
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emulsify fats
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large intestine
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last stage of digestive system; the organ where most liquids and minerals are absorbed from digested food
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E. coli symbiotic bacteria
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helps protect the intestinal tract from bacterial infection, aids in digestion, and produces small amounts of vitamins B12 and K.
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CNS
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Central Nervous System, composed of brain and spinal cord
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peripheral nervous system
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sensory & motor neurons
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somatic nervous system
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skeletal muscle
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autonomic nervous system
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regulates the iris of the eye and the smooth-muscle action of the heart, blood vessels, glands, lungs, stomach, colon, bladder, and other visceral organs not subject to willful control
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sympathetic nervous system
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stimulates activities
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parasympathetic nervous system
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calming/slowing down effect, tranquil functions
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reflex arc
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the neural pathway that mediates a reflex action
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neuron function
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carries information by receiving and transmitting electrical impulses.
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3 types of muscle
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skeletal, cardiac, smooth
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closed circulatory system
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blood
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osmoregulation
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ADH (antidiuretic hormone), aldosterone
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functions of excretory system
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filtration, secretion, reabsorption
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mouth
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grinds up food
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salivary amylase
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enzyme that aids in the break down of starch and glycogen into simple sugars
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pharynx
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the region of the alimentary canal in humans and in vertebrate animals that lies between the mouth and esophagus
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