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40 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
thermoregulation
the maintenance of a particular body temperature regardless of changes in the environment
gill function
counter current exchange
lung function
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
hemolymph
a fluid in certain invertebrates that functions like the blood in vertebrates
RBC
Red Blood Cell Count
WBC
White Blood Cell Count
nephron function
to filter and excrete waste materials from the blood and produce urine
glomerulus
a round cluster of interconnected capillaries found in the cortex of a kidney, that remove body waste to be excreted as urine
Bowman’s capsule
a cup-shaped part of the kidney that extracts waste and water from the blood and produces urine
osmoregulation
the control of the concentration of dissolved substances in the cells and body fluids of an animal
pharynx
the throat
epiglottis
a flap of cartilage situated at the base of the tongue that covers the opening to the air passages when swallowing, preventing food or liquids from entering the windpipe (trachea)
esophagus
the passage down which food moves between the throat and the stomach
peristalsis
the waves of involuntary muscle contractions that transport food, waste matter, or other contents
pepsinogen
a substance produced by stomach glands that is converted into pepsin after contact with hydrochloric acid during digestion
small intestines
the part of the gastrointestinal tract (gut) between the stomach and the large intestine. It is where the vast majority of digestion takes place.
digestion & absorption occurs in the ____ of the small intestines
villi
duodenum
a hollow jointed tube connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It is the first and shortest part of the small intestine
pancreas
glandular organ that secretes digestive enzymes and hormones. (trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, amylase )
zymogens
trypsinogen chymotrypsin
liver
manufactures and secretes bile
gall bladder
stores bile
bile
emulsify fats
large intestine
last stage of digestive system; the organ where most liquids and minerals are absorbed from digested food
E. coli symbiotic bacteria
helps protect the intestinal tract from bacterial infection, aids in digestion, and produces small amounts of vitamins B12 and K.
CNS
Central Nervous System, composed of brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system
sensory & motor neurons
somatic nervous system
skeletal muscle
autonomic nervous system
regulates the iris of the eye and the smooth-muscle action of the heart, blood vessels, glands, lungs, stomach, colon, bladder, and other visceral organs not subject to willful control
sympathetic nervous system
stimulates activities
parasympathetic nervous system
calming/slowing down effect, tranquil functions
reflex arc
the neural pathway that mediates a reflex action
neuron function
carries information by receiving and transmitting electrical impulses.
3 types of muscle
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
closed circulatory system
blood
osmoregulation
ADH (antidiuretic hormone), aldosterone
functions of excretory system
filtration, secretion, reabsorption
mouth
grinds up food
salivary amylase
enzyme that aids in the break down of starch and glycogen into simple sugars
pharynx
the region of the alimentary canal in humans and in vertebrate animals that lies between the mouth and esophagus