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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gene
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A short segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait. A gene is the basic unit of heredity in a living organism
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What the monomer of a nucleic acid is and how many different ones are there?
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Nucleotide; 5; C,G,A,T,U
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What the monomer of a protein is and how many different ones are there?
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Amino Acid; 20
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The structure and function of the three types of RNA?
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mRNA: reads the message (messenger) A single uncoiled chain.
rRNA: groups mRNA into codons. (ribosomal) A globular form. tRNA: matches the anticodon with a codon. (transfer) Nucleotides folded into a hairpin shape. |
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Compare and contrast DNA and RNA structure.
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RNA is a single helix, DNA is a double helix.
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The two characteristics of cancer, and describe it.
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Uncontrolled cell division and metastasis - is the spread of cancer cells beyond their original site.
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Whats a codon, whats it made up for, whats a start codon?
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Found on mRNA
Each combo of three nucleotides is called a codon. Each codon codes for s specific amino acid. The start codon which codes for methionine engages a ribosome to start translating an mRNA molecule. |
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What is beneficial about controlling gene expression?
The steps of lack operon, put them in order? |
??? :P
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Replication describe the steps of it, and where it takes place.
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The process of copying DNA. The first step is the separation of two nucleotide chains. The point where they separate is the replication fork. The chains are separated by helicase enzymes. As they move along they break hydrogen bonds bewteen the complementary bases and the chains seperate. Enzymes called DNA polymerases bind to separated chains of DNA. As they move along, new chains are assembled using nucleotides.
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Describe the steps of transcription and translation, and where it takes place.
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Transcription- Takes place in the nucleus. Steps?
Translation- The process begins when mRNA leaves the nucleus through pores in the nuclear membrane. The mRNA then migrates to a ribosome in the cytosol, the site of protein synthesis. |
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Process of gene transfer experiments.
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Isolate the gene from each source.
The same restriction enzyme cut the DNA. The donor gene cut from another source is placed into the plasmid. The mixed DNA forms a recombinant DNA. Recombinant DNA is inserted into the plasmid of a host bacterium. The transgenic organism receives the bacterium and allowing it to reproduce. |
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The picture from chapter 10, explain how dna is the controlling factor in all cell traits.
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It contains a gene. Then a sequence is transcribed into MRNA and MRNA is sent to ribosomes where it is grouped into codons and then those call for amino acids and then that determines proteins that carries out original.
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