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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Passive Transport
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The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane without any input of energy
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Active Transport
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The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration gradient,w/ input of energy
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Pinocytosis
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Cellular"drinking";type of endocytosis=cell takes fluid and dissolved solutes into small membraneous vessles
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receptor-mediated endocytosis
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Movement of specific molecules into cell by inward budding of membranous Vesicles; V's contain proteins w/ receptor sites specific to molecules taken in.
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sodium-potassium pump
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Membrane protein=transports soduim ions out of + potassium ions into a cell against their gradients. Powered by ATP.
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saturated
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fats and fatty acids whose hydrocarbon chains contain max # hydrogens and no double covalent bonds. Solidify @ room temp.
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diffusion
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Spontaneous movement of particles of any kind from where they are more concentrated to less conc.
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facilitated diffusion
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Passage of a substance across biological membrane down its conc. gradient, aided by transport proteins
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phagocytosis
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Cellular"eating";endocytosis where cell engulfs macromolecules, other cells into its membrane
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Equilibrium
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state of a chemical reaction;forward and reverse reactions occur @ equal rates=concentration of reactants and products doesnt change w/ time.
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Hypertonic
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Having the higher osmotic pressure of two solutions
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Semiermeability
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Partially permeable.
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tonicity
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the osmotic pressure of a solution
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isotonic
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Having the same concentration of solutes
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supersaturated
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to be more highly concentrated than is normally possible under given conditions of temperature and pressure
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osmosis
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Diffusion of fluid through a semipermeable membrane from a solution with a low solute concentration to a solution with a higher solute concentration until there is an equal concentration of fluid on both sides of the membrane.
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endocytosis
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A process of cellular ingestion by which the plasma membrane folds inward to bring substances into the cell.
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osmoregulation
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Maintenance of an optimal, constant osmotic pressure in the body of a living organism.
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hypotonic
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Having the lower osmotic pressure of two fluids
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solution
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A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
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filtration
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The process of passing a liquid through a filter.
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exocytosis
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A process of cellular secretion or excretion in which substances contained in vesicles are discharged from the cell by fusion of the vesicular membrane with the outer cell membrane.
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crenation
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A process resulting from osmosis in which red blood cells, in a hypertonic solution, undergo shrinkage and acquire a notched or scalloped surface.
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Concentration gradient
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increase or decrease in the density of a chemnical substance in an area. When gradient exists, substances move from more to less
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Lipid Bilayer
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A double-layer of amphipathic lipid molecules arranged w/ their nonpolar hydrocarbon tails facing inward. the plasma membranes of animal cells are formed mainly from phospholipid bilayers.
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Ion channel
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A protein imbedded in a cell membrane that serves as a crossing point for the regulated tranfer of a specific ion or group of ions across the membrane.
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channel protein
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A protein embedded in the cell membrane which is part of a structure that determines what particle sizes and/or charges are allowed to diffuse into the cell.
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signal transduction
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The biochemical events that conduct the signal of a hormone or growth factor from the cell exterior, through the cell membrane, and into the cytoplasm. This involves a number of molecules, including receptors, proteins, and messengers.
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carrier protein
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A protein which transports specific substances through the cell membrane in which it is embedded and into the cell
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transport protein
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A protein that transports a molecule within a cell or within a biological fluid
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receptor protein
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A substance that lets a cell recognize a chemical messenger
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