Adv Ch 9 The High Middle Ages: People

Front 1

William the Conqueror

Back 1

I am a tough, ruthless descendent of the Vikings who claimed the English throne in 1066 when the Anglo-Saxon king Edward died without an heir and a council of nobles chose his brother-in-law Harold to rule.

Front 2

Henry II

Back 2

I am an energetic, well-educated king who inherited the throne of England in 1154. I broadened the system of royal justice, laid the foundation for English common law, and developed an early jury system.

Front 3

John Lackland

Back 3

I am a clever, greedy, cruel, and untrustworthy ruler who was forced to sign the Magna Carta.

Front 4

Edward I

Back 4

I summoned Parliament in 1295 to approve money for my wars in France. Parliament became known as Model Parliament because it set up the framework for England's legislature.

Front 5

Hugh Capet

Back 5

I was elected by feudal monarchs in 987 to fill the vacant throne of France. This was probably because I was too weak to pose a threat to them. I built an effective bureaucracy and I was the founder of the Capetians.

Front 6

Philip II Augustus

Back 6

I was the most outstanding French king of my period. I was a bald, red-faced man who ate and drank too much. I was a shrewd and able ruler, and I strengthened the royal government, quadrupled the royal land upholdings, I was probably the most powerful ruler in Europe.

Front 7

Louis IX

Back 7

I was probably the most admired French ruler of my time. I embodied the ideal of a perfect medieval monarch and I was declared a saint within 30 years of my death. I was a deeply religious man and I did much to improve the royal government.

Front 8

Philip IV

Back 8

I ruthlessly extended royal power, and when I tried to collect new taxes from the clergy, Pope Boniface VIII disagreed and we fought.

Front 9

Otto I

Back 9

I took the title king of Germany in 936. I was a second Charlemagne. I worked closely with the Church, and a grateful pope crowned me emperor in 962. My successors took the title Holy Roman emperor.

Front 10

Gregory VII

Back 10

I was one of the greatest medieval popes and I was also among the most controversial popes, too. I was admired and revered by many Europeans and I banned lay investiture.

Front 11

Henry IV

Back 11

I fought with Gregory until he excommunicated me. Then I crawled back to him barefooted and begged for forgiveness as a repentant sinner.

Front 12

Frederick II

Back 12

I was a child of Henry and Constance who was raised in southern Italy. I was an able, arrogant leader willing to use any means to achieve my ends.

Front 13

Innocent III

Back 13

I was the pope who claimed supremacy over all other rulers and launched the Albigensian Crusade aided by Philip IV in 1209.