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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is a syndrome
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a group or set of symptoms acting together, are indicative of a disorder or disease
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what is a symptom
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What client says. Any sign, physical or mental, that stands for or signifies something
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sign
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What you see. Observable phenomena which may signify something (psychopathology, behavioral disturbance.)
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what is telescoping
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using 1 symptom to diagnose
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4 reasons to diagnose
Diagnose Cat Pee Tee |
1) Definition and organization of clinical information
2) Communication with other professionals and agencies (insurance) 3) Prediction of clinical course (Prognosis) 4) Selection of treatment (most important) |
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4 limitations of psychodiagnosis dsm iv
Big Dog Vary Inconvenient |
1)Diagnostic language is inconvenient
2) Depersonalization: dehumanizing 3) Cultural bias: nomenclature, evaluator bias 4) Variable symptom manisfestation |
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etic appraoches to psychodiagnosis
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assumes/emphasizes universals among human beings (DSM IV now)
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emic approaches to psychodiagnosis
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Classifiess psycho phenomena consideration of cultural context
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What is Axis I
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Clinical Disorders, other conditions that might be a focus of clinical attention
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What is Axis II
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Personality Disorders, Mental Retardation
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What is Axis III
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General Medical Conditions
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What is Axis IV
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Psychosocial & Enviromental Problems
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What is Axis V
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Global Assessment of Functioning
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What is dyscontrol?
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Central to the concept of mental disorder: invluntary impairment in psycho functioning
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What is NOS
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not otherwise specified to diagnose subthreshold cases (1 symptom short)
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NOS is most commonly used when?
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mood disorders, dissociative disorders and personality disorders
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Why is mental retardation a good model for future of DSM IV diagnosis?
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line is drawn according to IQ 70. after diagnosis, further differentiates other facets: spatial and verbal intelligence
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Breakdown of 6 APA guidelines for multicultural competence
321 Call Everyone Research |
Three on clinician: biases, recognition of cultural competence and reponsibile to provide culturally competent services
One on educators Two on Research and Organizations |
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how do people from individualistic cultures express psycho distress with GAL
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guilt, alienation and loneliness
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how do people from collectivistic cultures express psycho distress PSS
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unrewarding personal relationships, social rejection and shame
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two symptoms mistaken as pathological. owing to differences in conceptualization across cultures
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paranoia and hallucinations
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t or f? when minorities are diagnosed with psychotic or affective disorders they are often viewed to be chronic?
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true
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treatment discrepancy for minorites
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overmedicated
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What is the biopsychosocial approach to assessment?
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Biological system, psychological system and social system. get information about all MULTI-AXIAL diagnosis
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Assessment: biological info
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What is the predisposition?
genetics, physical conditions and medication/substance, epidemelogical fit |
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assessment: psychological info
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identify themes: disruptions in psycho development (weed), recurrent difficulties in relationships, revealing statements and behavior
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Assessment: social info
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family, friends, significant others, social enviroment, education and work. housing, income, socioeconomic status, health care access, legal problems, crime, culture and spirituality
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assessment: social info continued
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culture and spirituality
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Defintion of Clinical interviews
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any interpersonal encounter in which language is used to gather info about client
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mental status examination
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1) can be incorporated into a standard interview
2) method of organizing and evaluating clinical observations in the here and now 3) focuses on the cognitive processes although other processes/functions may be included |
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5 things to look for in a psychological assessment
PACT B |
presentation, cognition, thought, affect/mood and behavior
PACT B |
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Assessment: presentation
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appearance, attitude towardexaminer and level of consciousness
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assessment: cognition
Oh My Intelligence |
orientation, memory and intelligence
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assessment: thought
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speech and thought, perceptual disturbances, reliabilty, judgment and insight
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assessment: behavior
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behavior/psychomotor activity
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Which ego function deals with adapting behaviors based on what we think we need?
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adaptive regression in the service of the ego?
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Specifiers?
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is disorder mild, moderate, severe, remission, recurrent, single episode, short/rapid onset and nos
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What are the four major syndromes of substance-related disorders
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Abuse, dependence, intoxication and withdrawal
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what is the most important reason to diagnose
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determine treatment plan
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which ego focuses on how the apparatus of the brain is functioning
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thought processes
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what diagnostic is on Axis III
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general medical conditions
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What if Axis II disorder is principal diagnosis? 2 things
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1) reason for visit
2) principle diagnosis indicated after axis II diagnosis |
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what if no axis II disorder is present?
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v71.09
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what if axis II is deferred, gathering more info
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799.9
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what if mental disorder is caused by general medical condition?
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should write Due to a General Medical Condition on both Axis I and Axis III
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which axis is ptsd on?
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axis 4
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the GAF scale is divided into
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10 ranges of functioning. pick single value that best reflects individual's overall level of functioning
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GAF scale has two components:
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1) symptom severity
2) functioning |
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3 categories of dsm IV for cognitive disorders
Delirious Mental Salmon |
1) delirium, dementia and amnestic and other cognitive disorders
2) mental disorders due to a gm condition 3)substance-related disorders |
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define delirium
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Criteria 1) disturbance of consciousness
Criteria 2) change in cognition MAC Criteria 3) short period of time |
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define dementia
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multiple cognitive deficits that include impairment in memory
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how are cognitive disorders listed
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according to presumed etiology: delirium due to a general medical condition, substance induced delirium
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define amnestic disorder. what's missing?
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memory impairment in the absence of other significant accompanying cognitive impairments
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why are the disorders in delirium different from dementia
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etiology: cause general medical condition or substance: temporary
Delirium is slow, insidious and progressive |
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Delirium characteristics
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1) short onset
2) attention impaired 3) short term memory 4) disorientation of time 5) speech or language disturbances (fast slow) (incoherent) 6) sleep-wake disturbances 7) impaired psychomotor behavior 8) emotional disturbances |
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what is dysarthria
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impaired ability to articulate: delirium
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what is dysnomia
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impaired ability to name objects: delirium
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what is dysgraphia
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impaired ability to write: delirium
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what is aphasia?
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impaired ability to use or understand words: delirium
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male or female is an independet risk factor for delirium in elderly individuals
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male
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what is asterixis
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flapping movement of the hyperextended hands: delirium
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assessment of suicidal clients
I have plans in heaven for recee, paul, me and Isis |
ideation
history of attempts plans/means impulsivity hopelessness family of origin depression level psychosis medical problems isolation level |
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what is best test for alzheimer's
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delayed recall
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mini mse: alzheimer's
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are they oriented times 3? time, place and person
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treatment for cognitive symptoms of alzheimer's
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cholinesterase inhibitors
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treatment for ischemic stroke
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clot-busting meds (admnistered within 3 hours) treatment
preventative (anti-coaglant) |
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what is preventative treatment for vascular dementia
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anti-coagalant meds
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treatment for hemorrhagic stroke
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surgery
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what distingushes brief reactive dissociative disoder from posttraumatic stress disorder
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2 days to 4 weeks. ptsd requires 4+weeks
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what is CAGE? what is it used for?
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Cut Down- felt need to cut down on your drinking
Annoyed-people annoyed you by criticizing your drinking Guilt-felt guilty about drinking Eyeopener- needed a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover * widely used method of screening for alcoholism |
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what is primary purpose of mse
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evaluate current cognitive processes (snapshot)
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MSE Parts etc
B Triple AAA Sally Really Pimped Octopus's Mom |
Appearance
Attitude Affect/Mood Behavior or psychomotor activity Speech and Thought Reliability, Judgment and Insight Perceptual disturbances Orientation and consciousness Memory and Intelligence |
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what is first to go in orientation?
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time, then place then person
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what are three types of memory?
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remote, recent and immediate
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describe remote memory
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recall of memory from distant past
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describe recent memory
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recall of memory from a week or so
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describe immediate memory
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retention of information or data minutes previously
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what is serial 7's
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testing attention and cognitive ability count backwards from 100 by 7
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what is digit span
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say a series of numbers and ask client to call back
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what is aphasia
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language disturbance
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what is aphasia
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language disturbance
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what is agnosia
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failure to recognize or identify objects despite intact sensory function
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what is agnosia
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failure to recognize or identify objects despite intact sensory function
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what is apraxia
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cannot carry out motor activities despite intact motor function
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what is apraxia
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cannot carry out motor activities despite intact motor function
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Describe impairment in executive functioning
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cannot plan, organize, sequence, abstract thinking`
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Describe impairment in executive functioning
Abby Plans Shitty Overnighters |
cannot plan, organize, sequence, abstract thinking`
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how is consciousness impaired in dementia
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its not
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how is consciousness impaired in dementia
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its not
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t or f amnestic syndrome can evolve into dementia
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t
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Biological approach to assessment
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recurrent difficulties in relationships
disruptions in psychological development revelatory statements and behavior (content vs process) |
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3 theoretical approaches to psychological assessment
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psychodynamic, cognitive and behavioral
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4 psychological tests
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intellectual/neuropsychologicaltesting
personality inventories projective tests self-report inventories |
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what kind of test can detect alzheimer's
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amyloid-imaging positron emission tomography detects amyloid in the brain
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what is amyloid
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central to the pathogenesis of alzheimer's
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two methods scientists used to determine how brain works
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lesions and stimiulation
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What part of the brain is associated with aphasia
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Broca's area
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what is diconnection syndrome
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behavior consequences to distruction of tissue damage. ex can speak and understand, but cannot repeat what was just said to them. disconnection between the speech and auditory comprehension centers
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what is abstract attitude
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distinction between abstract and concrete behavior. abstract attitude depends upon the functional integrity of the brain as a hole. capacity to take sensory input and consider situations from a conceptual standpoint.
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Left hemisphere of the brain is associated with what functions
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material in a sequentia, analytic manner. language
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right hemisphere of the brain is associated with what functions
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dectector of patterns amd configurations: nonverbal abilities, visiual-spatial skills, audiory stimuli
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