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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What diagnostic procedures determine a UTI?
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Frequency + Urinalysis + Dysuria
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What are the two most common causes of UTI's in men?
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Stones and BPH
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What are the risk factors for UTI's?
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Duration of catheterization
Old Age Female DM Absence of Antibiotic use Abnormal creatinine level faulty aseptic management severe underlying disease |
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When do you NOT use a single course antibiotic to treat a UTI?
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delayed treatment
kidney infection diabetic structural abnormalities prostate infections |
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Recurrent UTI's are treated how?
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with a low dose Abx for 6mo
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What is Pyelonephritis?
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When bacteria from the bladder spreads to the kidneys
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What clinical manifestations help to differentiate pyelonephritis from a lower UTI?
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Pyelonephritis has back, flank, and groin pain
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What key part of a urinalysis is indicative of Pyelonephritis?
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presence of casts
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What diagnostic test is specific to Pyelonephritis?
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Voiding cystourethrography
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What should you avoid consuming if taking warfarin?
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cranberry juice as this causes bleeding
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What is the leading causes of chronic renal failure in the US?
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Glomerular Diseases
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Glomerulonephritis
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Damage to glomeruli causes leakage of proteins into urine leading to swelling and damage
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What are the clinical manifestations of glomerulonephritis?
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Nephrotic syndrome(proteinuria and hypoproteinemia), hematuria, uremia, high blood pressure
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What diagnostic tests are used to determine glomerulonephritis?
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Urinalysis and 24 hr urine for Total Protein, GFR or Creatinine Clearance
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What type of diet is recommended to a person with Glomerulonephritis?
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Low Protein, Low Sodium, and High Caloric intake
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What is the difference between acute and chroni Glomerulonephritis?
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Chronic is irreversible
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Urinary Calculi: Patho
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High concentration of insoluble salts + less water yield supersaturation and cause lithiasis
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Clinical Manifestations of:
Renal Calculi Bladder Calculi Utereral Calculi |
Renal and Bladder have dull pain and usually not a lot
Ureteral Calculi have severe flank pain |
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Medications given for Urinary Calculi
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Narcs, NSAIDS, steroids, Anti HTN meds
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When is operative intervention necessary in regards to urinary Calculi?
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when stone is greater than 6.1mm
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Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy is used when?
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When stones are larger than 2cm. This is an invasive surgery
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What are the 2 major factors in the development of bladder CA?
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Presence of carcinogens in the urine and chronic inflammation or infection of the bladder mucosa
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What are the manifestations of bladder CA?
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Hematuria, UTI, pain
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What manifestation of Bladder CA requires further testing?
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intermittent painless hematuria
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What are the surgical procedures used to treat bladder CA?
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Cystectomy and Urinary Diversion
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What are the classic symptoms of renal CA?
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Gross hematuria, flank pain, and a palpable abdominal mass
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What are the clinical manifestations of acute bacterial prostatitis?
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temp, malaise, muscle and joint pain, urinary frequency and urgency, dysuria, and urethral discharge
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What are the clinical manifestations of chronic bacterial prostatitis?
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urinary frequency and urgency, dysuria, low back pain, and perineal discomfort
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What are the clinical manifestations of chronic prostatitis?
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low back pain, urinary manifestations, pain in male genitalia, decreased libido and painful ejaculations
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What are the medical treatments available for BPH?
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Flomax, Proscar
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What types of Therapies are used to treat BPH?
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TUMT(transurethral microwave thermotherapy)
TUNA(Transurethral Needle Ablation) |
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What types of Surgeries are used to treat BPH?
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TURP(Transurethral Resection of the Prostate)
TUIP(Transurethral Incision of the Prostate) Open Prosatectomy Laser Surgery |
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What are the screening guidelines for Prostate CA?
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annually in men >50years or >45yrs if at high risk
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What are the risk factors of Prostate CA?
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African American Race, Age
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What manifestations of Prostate CA differ from BPH?
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Hematuria or blood in ejaculate
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What diagnostic tests differentiate between Prostate CA from BPH?
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DRE, PSA levels, Transrectal ultrasonography
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