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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the risk factors of HTN?
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Family Hx
Age- arteries are less compliant w/ age Race- black women and hispanic men Mineral intake- increased sodium Obesity Insulin Resistance Excess alcohol consumption Stress |
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What are the later manifestations of HTN?
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HA
Symptoms from organ damage: -nocturia -confusion -N&V -Visual disturbances Narrowed arterioles of retina |
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HTN causes what in the body? specifically to the heart and to the peripheral vascular system
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ventricular hypertrophy
accelerated atherosclerosis-which increases risk of stroke |
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What diagnostic procedures are used to diagnose HTN before Tx?
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ECG, urinalysis, blood glucose, hCT, Electrolyte, Creatinine, Ca, Lipid Profile
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What are the classifications of drugs used to treat HTN?
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Ace inhibitors(Sartans)
ARBs(Prils) Alpha adrenergic blockers(osins) Beta Blockers(olol) Ca Channel Blockers(dipines) Diuretics-specifically thiazides |
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BB are contraindicated in what patients?
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asthma and COPD
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What is the first choice of treatment of HTN?
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Diuretics
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Causes of Secondary HTN?
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kidney disease
coarction of aorta endocrine disorders neurologic disorders drug use pregnancy |
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What are the clinical manifestations of DVT?
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usually asymptomatic
dull, aching pain tenderness, warmth, erythema cyanosis edema |
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What diagnostic procedures are used to determine DVT?
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duplex venous ultrasonography
plethysmography-changes in blood flow MRI ascending contrast venography |
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How can you treat a DVT?
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BR w/ legs elevated, TEDS, SCDs
surgery such as venous thrombectomy or venal caval filter |
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What are the manifestations of varicose veins?
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pain, leg fatigue, leg heaviness, itching, and feelings of heat in the affected area
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What are the treatment options for varicose veins?
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compression stockings, daily walking
sclerotherapy-sclerosing solution to obliterate pain surgery to remove |
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Starling's Law
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the greater the stretch of cardiac muscle fibers, the greater the force of contraction
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Systolic failure manifestations
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decreased CO
weakness fatigue decreased exercise intolerance |
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Diastolic failure manifestations
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SOC
tachypnea respiratory crackles JVD liver enlargement anorexia Nausea |
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Left Sided Failure manifestations
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activity intolerance
SOB, dyspnea, cough orthopnea, cyanosis crackles and wheezes S3 gallop |
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Right sided Failure manifestations
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edema in feet and legs
congestion of GI tract Rt upper quadrant pain JVD |
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Medications to treat Heart Failure
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ACE inhibitors(Prils)
ARBs(sartans Beta blockers diuretics digitalis |
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Nutrition recommendations in Heart Failure pts
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decrease sodium intake to 1.5-2g/day
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Medications used to treat Atherosclerosis/ CAD
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Statins- they lower LDL
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Risk factors for Coronary Artery disease
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oral contraceptives
premature menopause impaired fasting glucose age heredity metabolic syndrome |
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What is the metabolic syndrome?
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caused by obesity, inactivity and genetic factors related to insulin resistance
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Variant Angina(prinzmetal)
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atypical angina that occurs unpredictably, often at night
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Manifestations of Angina in women
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GERD and upper back pain
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What should you monitor when administering Statins?
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muscle pain and tenderness as well as cholesterol and liver enzyme levels
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What is the Virchow's triad?
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combination of 3 different things:
-stasis of blood flow -endothelial injury -hypercoagulability |
