Adult Health Test 1: Fluid And Electrolytes

Front 1

Sodium Values

Back 1

136 - 145 mEq/L

Front 2

Hyponatremia Causes

Back 2

Na loss (burns, diuretic, perspiration), fluid increase, & pituitary disfunction

Front 3

Hyponatremia S/S

Back 3

LOC changes, lethargic, skin & mucous dry, tachycardia, hypotension, & N/V

Front 4

Hypernatremia Causes

Back 4

Na gain, water loss, & inadequate water intake

Front 5

Hypernatremia S/S

Back 5

LOC changes, confusion, increased muscle tone, skin dry & flushed, thirsty, N/V, & edematous

Front 6

Hypernatremia Treatment

Back 6

Stop the salt by giving them isotonic or hypotonic solutions

with dietary control & diuretics

Front 7

Hypernatremia Interventions

Back 7

monitor LOC, labs, I&O, & frequent oral care

Front 8

Potassium Functions

Back 8

cardiac, nerve, & muscle function

Front 9

Potassium Values

Back 9

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

Front 10

Potassium Sources

Back 10

bananas & orange juice

Front 11

Hypokalemia deficiency

Back 11

<3.5 mEq/L

Front 12

Hypokalemia S/S

Back 12

muscle cramps, irregular HR, & hyporeflexia

Front 13

Hypokalemia Interventions

Back 13

monitor VS, labs, & dietary intake

Front 14

Hyperkalemia Causes

Back 14

increased intake, decresed urinary excetion, & renal failure

Front 15

Hyperkalemia S/S

Back 15

Increases cell excitability, causing excitable tissues to respond to less intense stimuli

Causes Tall T Waves (three Ts...Tall Tented T Waves). Widened QRS, prolonged PR, flat P waves

muscle weakness & tingling, bradycardia

Front 16

Hyperkalemia Treatment

Back 16

give Lasix (potassium wastng diuretic)

limit intake

If kidneys don't work, we give Kayexalate

Dialysis for extreme hyperkalemia

Front 17

Calcium Functions

Back 17

formation & structure of bones & teeth, cell membrane permeability, & blood clotting

Front 18

Hypocalcemia S/S

Back 18

muscle spasms, tetani, Chevostek's sign, Trousseau's sign, increased risk of bleeding & bruising

Front 19

Hypocalcemia Treatment

Back 19

Ca & Vit D supplements

Front 20

Hypocalcemia Interventions

Back 20

monitor cardiac functions

Front 21

Hypercalcemia Causes

Back 21

excessive intake, thyroid & parathyroid conditions, & cancer

Front 22

Hypercalcemia S/S

Back 22

Causes excitable tissues to be less sensitive to normal stimuli.

causes bradycardia that can lead to cardiac arrest.

Excessive blood clotting, increased risk of DVT

EKG changes, disarrythmias

N/V, & flank pain,

Front 23

Hypercalcemia Interventions

Back 23

Use calcium chelators

dialysis

monitor cardiac functions (ECG and Clotting)

Front 24

Magnesium Functions

Back 24

neuromuscular conduction, cardiac function, & blood clotting

Front 25

Magnesium Values

Back 25

1.3 - 2.1 mg/dL

Front 26

Hypomagnesemia Causes

Back 26

Mg loss, inadequate intake, steroid use

Front 27

Hypomagnesemia S/S

Back 27

disorientation, confusion, Chvostek's & Trousseau's signs, tachycardia, & sudden cardiac death

Front 28

Hypomagnesemia Treatment

Back 28

Mg w/ antacids containing Mg, IV Mg w/ a dilute

Front 29

Phosphorous Functions

Back 29

interdependent w/ Ca, required for muscle function, primary buffer to maintain urinary pH

Front 30

Hyperphosphatemia S/S

Back 30

muscle spasms, tetani, & tachycardia

Front 31

Hyperphosphatemia Interventions

Back 31

monitor respiratory, cardiac, labs, muscles, & stool colors

Front 32

Chloride Values

Back 32

98-106 mEq/L

Front 33

Hypochloremia Causes

Back 33

r/t GI loss, diuretics, & aggressive diaphoresis

Front 34

Hypochloremia S/S

Back 34

neuromuscular twitching

Front 35

Hypochloremia Interventions

Back 35

monitor respirations

Front 36

Helps preserve ECF volume & fluid distribution. Helps transmit impulses in nerve and muscle fibers; combines with chloride and bicarbonate to regulate acid-base balance"

Back 36

Sodium Na+

Front 37

Maintains cell's electrical neutrality and osmalality; Aides neuromuscular transmission of nerve impulses; Assists skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction and electrical conductivity; Affects acid base; Body cannot conserve"

Back 37

Potassium K+

Front 38

Promotes enzyme reactions within cell during carbohydrate metabolism; Helps body produce & use ATP for energy; Takes part in protein synthesis; Influences vasodilation; Regulates muscle contractions; Effects parathyroid hormone."

Back 38

Magnesium Mg+

Front 39

Helps maintain cell structure and function; plays a role in cell membrane permeability and impulse transmission; Contraction of cardiac, smooth muscle, & skeletal muscle; Participates in blood clotting process"

Back 39

Calcium Ca+

Front 40

hormone which helps regulate Sodium Balance

Back 40

Aldosterone

Front 41

What is the most abundant electrolyte in the ECF?

Back 41

Sodium

Front 42

Helps preserve ECF volume & fluid distribution. Helps transmit impulses in nerve and muscle fibers; combines with chloride and bicarbonate to regulate acid-base balance"

Back 42

Sodium Na+

Front 43

Maintains cell's electrical neutrality and osmalality; Aides neuromuscular transmission of nerve impulses; Assists skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction and electrical conductivity.

Back 43

Potassium K+

Front 44

Promotes enzyme reactions within cell during carbohydrate metabolism; Helps body produce & use ATP for energy; Takes part in protein synthesis; Influences vasodilation; Regulates muscle contractions; Effects parathyroid hormone."

Back 44

Magnesium Mg+

Front 45

Helps maintain cell structure and function; plays a role in cell membrane permeability and impulse transmission; Contraction of cardiac, smooth muscle, & skeletal muscle; Participates in blood clotting process"

Back 45

Calcium Ca+

Front 46

In the Renin Angiotensin Aldosteron System what does Aldosterone stimulate?

Back 46

Na+ and H2O retention

Front 47

What is the most abundant electrolyte in the ECF?

Back 47

Sodium

Front 48

What is Diffusion??

Back 48

Molecules (solutes) move from area of high concentration to lower concentration

Front 49

Hypernatremia- Clinical manifestations

Back 49

Hypernatremia- Clinical manifestations Decreased mental status Decreased turgor Dry skin and dry mucous membranes Thirst

Front 50

Hyponatremia- clinical manifestations

Back 50

Hyponatremia- clinical manifestations Neurological symptoms due to brain swelling Weight gain Edema Rales Abdominal cramps Low hematocrit Low BUN Orthostatic hypotension

Front 51

Trousseaus Signs

Back 51

Trousseaus Signs BP cuff inflated for 3-4 minutes hand claws up.

Front 52

Intracellular Electrolytes

Back 52

Intracellular Electrolytes potassium(K) and magnesium (Mg)

Front 53

Extracellular Electrolytes

Back 53

Extracellular Electrolytes Sodium and Chloride

Front 54

Antidiuretic Hormone - function

Back 54

Antidiuretic Hormone - function - stimulates the kidney to reabsorb water decreasing urine output, supporting BP and blood volume - stimulate peripheral blood vessels to constrict

Front 55

Question

Back 55

Answer

Front 56

IV solutionos

Back 56

d5w - isotonic

Front 57

pulse is thready and weak with __

Back 57

hypokalemia

Front 58

A person with hypokalemia is at risk for falls due to __

Back 58

ortho hypotension

Front 59

gi manifestations with hypokelamia are__

Back 59

slowed. loss of motility

Front 60

people taking __ are at risk for hyperkalemia

Back 60

diuretics

Front 61

glucose solutions with insulin are used to manage __

Back 61

hyperkalemia. it helps move k from ecf to icf.

Front 62

d10 w is

Back 62

hypertonic

Front 63

hypotonic fluids __ osmolality of the interstitial space

Back 63

decreases

Front 64

pts are at risk for __ when receiving hypertonic solutions.

Back 64

edema

Front 65

Question

Back 65

Answer

Front 66

IV solutions

Back 66

d5w - isotonic

Front 67

pulse is thready and weak with __

Back 67

hypokalemia

Front 68

A person with hypokalemia is at risk for falls due to __

Back 68

ortho hypotension

Front 69

gi manifestations with hypokalamia are__

Back 69

slowed. loss of motility

Front 70

people taking __ are at risk for hyperkalemia

Back 70

diuretics

Front 71

glucose solutions with insulin are used to manage __

Back 71

hyperkalemia. it helps move k from ecf to icf.

Front 72

d10 w is

Back 72

hypertonic

Front 73

hypotonic fluids __ osmolality of the interstitial space

Back 73

decreases

Front 74

pts are at risk for __ when receiving hypertonic solutions.

Back 74

edema