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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Homeostasis effects |
Dialysis, chemo, nausea, vomiting |
|
Water |
Delivers electrolytes, regulates temperature, carries nutrients, cushion for joints, eyes and spine, maintains blood volume |
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How much water in the body |
2,000 to 3,000 liters or 1kg |
|
Insensible loss |
Kidney, skin, lungs, gi tract |
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Sensible loss |
Anything that can be measured |
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Normal sodium |
135 to 145 |
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Normal potassium |
3.5 to 5 cardiac |
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Chloride |
96 to 106 increases with poor kidney failure |
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Calcium normal |
9.0 to 10.5 |
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Phosphate normal |
3.0 to 4.5 interchange with calcium |
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Normal bun |
6 to 20 |
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Normal creatinine |
0.6 to 1.3 |
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Osmolarity |
Measures concentration |
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Major electrolytes in intracellular |
Sodium |
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Major electrolyte in extracellular |
Potassium |
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Intrastitial |
Skin |
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Oncotic pressure |
Pulling by proteins |
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Hydrostatic pressure |
Pushing into the cell |
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Albumin is |
Protein colloid |
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Hypernatremia |
Increased salt with low fluid |
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Hyponatremia |
Low salt and volume at the same time |
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Hypocalcemia signs |
Spastic muscles, facial spasm, reflexes increased |
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Hc03 |
23 to 27 |
|
Ph |
7.35 to 7.45 |
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Paco2 |
35 to 45 |
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Respiratory alkalosis |
Hyperventilation, seizures, anxiety, irritability, tachy, decreased or normal bp, hypokalemia, hyper reflexes. |
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Respiratory acidosis |
Rapid and shallow, hypoventilation, hypoxia, low bp, skin pale and cyanotic, headache, hyperkalemia, dysrhyymias, muscle weakness, drowsiness |
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Metabolic acidosis |
Headache, hyperkalemia, warm, flushed skin, nausea, vomiting, muscle tone, reflexes decreased, kussmaul respirations, dka |
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Metabolic alkalosis |
Vomiting, nausea diarrhea, confusion, dysrhyymias, compensatory hypoventilation, tremors, muscle cramps, anxiety, seizures,dizzy, irritability |
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Ns 0.9% nacl |
Expand volume, dilute meds, keep veins open, isotonic |
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Lactated ringers |
Fluid resuscitation, isotonic for bleeding and burns |
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D5 1/2 ns d5ns |
Used for Na volume replacement. Hypertonic go slow causes fluid overload |
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D5w |
Isotonic outside the body enters the body becomes hypotonic. Metabolize glucose. Diabetic patients. High sodium patients. Dehydrated |
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Fluid volume deficit causes |
Increased sodium, increased hct, increased specific gravity |
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Overhydration causes |
Decrease sodium, decreased hct, decreased specific gravity |
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Alkalosis |
Increased ph |
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Acidosis |
Decreased ph |
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Hyperkalemia signs |
Make twitching, weakness, flaccid paralysis, irritability, anxiety, low bp, bradycardia, abdominal cramps, diarrhea |
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Hypokalemia |
Weakness, fatigue, confusion, drowsiness, lethargic, constipated. |
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Calcium phosphate |
Oppose each other |
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Hyponatremia treatment |
Restrict fluids, if iv needed administer slowly |
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Hypernatremia treatment |
Restrict sodium, increase water intake |
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Hypokalemia treatment |
Potassium supplements, assess renal status, encourage high potassium diet |
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Hyperkalemia treatment |
No iv potassium, administer 50% glucose with insulin |
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Hypocalcemia treatment |
Calcium supplements, foods with calcium |
|
Hypotonic solutions cause |
Fluid to move from ecf to icf. |
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Hypertonic solutions cause |
Intravascular hydration |
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Kussmaul |
Fruity acetone breath |
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Hypoxia symptoms |
Restlessness, anxiety, tachycardia. .RAT bradycardia, extreme restlessness, dyspnea...BED |
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Asthma management |
Adrenergic, steroids, theopylline, hydration, maintain 02, anticholinergic |
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Acute laryngotracheobronchitis |
Croup: crowing sounds, inspiratory stridor, before age 5. Increased respiratory rate. |
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Emphysema |
Increased c02, alveolar problem, minimal cyanosis, pursed lip breathing, dyspnea, barrel chest |
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Pulmonary edema |
Meds airway decrease preload MAD diuretics, oxygen, blood gasses DOG |
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Pneumothorax |
Air in the pleural cavity, resulting in lung collapse. Pleural pain, chest wall expansion. |
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Pneumothorax treatment |
Chest tube oxygen. |
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Pneumonia |
Obstruction of the bronchioles decreased gas exchange, exudate |
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Cf treatment |
Increase calories and protein, cpt, aerosol bronchodlators, monitor blood glucose, aerobic exercise. Meds antibiotics and vitamins |
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Epiglottitis |
Airway inflammation Increased pulse Restlessness. Retraction Anxiety increased Inspiratory stridor Drooling AIR RAID |
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Epiglottitis treatment |
Decrease anxiety, don't examine throat, position for comfort, trach tray available, humidifier, no oral fluids, iv fluids only |
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Nasal cannula |
1-6 liters |
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Simple mask |
6-12 liters |
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Partial rebreathing mask |
10-15 liters |
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Non-rebreathing mask |
10-15 liters |
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Trach collar |
Variable |
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Venturi mask |
4-12 liters |
|
2 lung cancers |
Small cell and non small cell |
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Cancer treatments |
Surgery, radiation, chemo |
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Sweat chloride test |
Collection of sweat to determine chloride levels in body |
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Fecal fat test |
test evaluates fat absorption to tell how well the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and intestines are working |
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Pulmonary function test |
Noninvasive diagnostic tests that provide measurable feedback about the function of the lungs. By assessing lung volumes, capacities, rates of flow, and gas exchange, PFTs provide information that, when evaluated by your doctor, can help diagnosis certain lung disorders. |