Adult Health Ch 1 A&p

Front 1

The 3 Body Planes

Back 1

Sagittal, Coronal (Frontal), & Transverse Plane

Front 2

Superior, Inferior

Back 2

To the head (Above), to the feet (Lower)

Front 3

Anterior (Ventral), Posterior (Dorsal)

Back 3

To the front of the body, to the back of the body

Front 4

Cranial, Caudal

Back 4

Towards the head, towards the distal end of the body

Front 5

Ventral, Dorsal

Back 5

Front side of the organ, Back side of the organ

Front 6

Medial, Lateral

Back 6

Toward the midline of the body, toward the side of the body

Front 7

Superficial, Deep

Back 7

Near the surface, away from the surface

Front 8

Proximal, Distal

Back 8

Near the origin, Away from the origin.

Front 9

Thoracic cavity (2 cavities within)

Back 9

Mediastinum & Pleural cavities

Front 10

Abdominopelvic cavity (2 cavities within)

Back 10

Abdominal & pelvic cavity

Front 11

Ventral cavity (2 cavities within)

Back 11

Thoracic & Abdominopelvic cavity

Front 12

Dorsal body cavity (2 cavities within)

Back 12

Cranial & spinal cavity

Front 13

Mediastinum

Back 13

Trachea, heart, blood vessels

Front 14

Pleural cavities

Back 14

Lungs

Front 15

Abdominal cavity

Back 15

Liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, small intestine & part of large intestine

Front 16

Pelvic cavity

Back 16

Lower (sigmoid) colon, rectum, urinary bladder, reproductive organs

Front 17

Cranial cavity

Back 17

Brain

Front 18

Spinal cavity

Back 18

Spinal cord

Front 19

9 abdominal regions

Back 19

Right & Left hypochondriac

Right & Left lumbar

Right and left iliac

Epigastric

Umbilical

Hypogastric

Front 20

Molecule

Back 20

When 2 or more atoms unite

Front 21

Atoms

Back 21

The building blocks of matter

Front 22

Cell

Back 22

The smallest living unit & function in the body

Front 23

Tissue

Back 23

Organization of cells to perform a common function

Front 24

Organ

Back 24

Organization of different tissues to perform a special function.

Front 25

System of the body

Back 25

Organization of many organs to perform complex functions for the body.

Front 26

Plasma membrane

Back 26

Forms the outer boundary of cell

Front 27

Cytoplasm

Back 27

Protoplasm; Made up of 70% water, food, minerals, enzymes, & other materials in the cell.

Front 28

Nucleus

Back 28

Responsible for reproduction & controls other organelles inside the cell. Contains nucleolus & chromatin granules (protein & DNA)

Front 29

DNA

Back 29

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Front 30

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 30

The circulation system in the cytoplasm for carrying substances.

1) smooth for fatty substances

2) rough for manufacturing protein

Front 31

Ribosomes

Back 31

Protein factories structures floating in the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum. Produce enzymes & other proteins.

Front 32

Mitochondria

Back 32

Powerhouses in the cell. Bean shaped. Converts food into energy (Adenosine Triphosphate aka ATP) for the cell.

Front 33

Lysosomes

Back 33

Sac like structures in the cells. Contain enzymes for digesting food compounds & microbes invading the cell.

Front 34

Golgi Apparatus

Back 34

Packaging Plant in the cell. Packages certain carbs & protein compounds into globules of glycoprotein.

Front 35

Centrioles

Back 35

Paired, rod shaped organelles in the cell. Aid in the formation of the spindle during mitosis.

Front 36

Protein Synthesis

Back 36

Protein production from DNA to RNA to the ribosomes.

Front 37

Mitosis

Back 37

Cell division

1) Prophase - Chromosomes form 2 chromatids. The centrioles form spindle fibers.

2) Metaphase - Nuclear membrane disappears. Chromatids & centrioles align in position. Spindle fibers attach to each chromatid.

3) Anaphase - Centrioles pull the chromatid & cell division begins.

4) Telophase - 2 nuclei appear & chromosomes disperse & 2 daughter cells appear.

Front 38

Active transport

Back 38

Requires energy from the cell. Cell obtains energy from ATP. To move substances from low to high concentration.

Front 39

Passive transport

Back 39

No energy needed. Movement of small molecules across the membrane of the cell by diffusion. From high concentration to low.

Front 40

Phagocytosis

Back 40

Process of the cell eating foreign material. Usually performed by white blood cells.

Front 41

Pinocytosis

Back 41

Cell drinking

Front 42

Sodium-potassium pump

Back 42

Active transporting sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell & potassium ions (K+) into the cell. Operates in the plasma membrane.

Front 43

Calcium pump

Back 43

Active transporting intracellular calcium ions (CA2+) into compartments or out of the cell.

Front 44

Osmosis

Back 44

Passive transportation of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Front 45

Filtration

Back 45

Passive transport of water & small solute particles by force (pressure or gravity). No solid particles.

Front 46

Diffusion

Back 46

Passive transport of solid particles from high to low concentration resulting in even distribution.

Front 47

Epithelial tissue

Back 47

Covers the outside of the body & some internal structure. Protects, Absorbs, & secretes.

1) Simple squamous

2) Stratified squamous

3) simple columnar

4) Stratified transitional

Front 48

Connective tissue

Back 48

Connects tissue or structures of the body. Surrounded by intercellular fluid.

(Adipose fat, Areolar, Dense fibrous tendons & ligaments, cartilage, blood, bone, hematopoietic in red bone marrow)

Front 49

Muscle tissue

Back 49

Contracts in response to the brain.

Skeletal muscles (striated voluntary)

Cardiac (striated involuntary)

Smooth muscles (visceral involuntary)

Front 50

Nervous tissue

Back 50

Nerves, Brain, spinal cord. Allows control of body functions. Composed of neurons (nerve cells) & glial cells (supporting & nourishing neurons).

Front 51

3 parts of a neuron

Back 51

Dendrites - carry impulses TOWARD the cell body

Cell body

Axon - carries impulses AWAY from the cell body

Front 52

Membranes (2 types)

Back 52

Epithelial & connective tissue

Front 53

Epithelial membranes (2 types)

Back 53

Mucous & serous membranes

Front 54

Mucous membranes

Back 54

Line the body surfaces open to the outside environment.

Nose, mouth, urinary & respiratory tracts

Front 55

Serous membranes

Back 55

Single sheet of membrane that prevents friction when organs touch.

Lungs (pleura), intestines (peritoneum), heart (pericardium)

The parietal membrane lines the wall of the cavity & the visceral membrane lines the viscera (organs).