Adult Development And Aging Chapter 1 Terms

Front 1

Normal aging

Back 1

Two types: optimal and typical. Involves changes in functioning and behavior in the various dimensions that are inevitable. They occur as the natural result of maturation or the passage of time

Front 2

Pathological aging

Back 2

Changes with age that are the result of abnormal conditions or disease processes, rather than to age per se

Front 3

Life cycle

Back 3

Young adulthood, middle age, and late adulthood

Front 4

Person-environment interaction

Back 4

Suggests that all aspects of human behavior and performance are the result of the interaction or transactions between individuals and their environment

Front 5

Transactional model

Back 5

Refers to the importance of the Person Environment Fit. This means that adaptation level depends on (1) Individual's abilities, (2) demands from the environment, (3) behavioral reactions to event/environment, and (4) emotional responses to event/environment

Front 6

Developmental niche

Back 6

Defined in terms of the culture or environment in which the individual best functions. Persons select those environments in which they can function mostt comfortably.

Front 7

Typical aging

Back 7

Aging of individuals who have one or more medical conditions that become prevalent in later life

Front 8

History-normative influences

Back 8

Events that occur at a specific point in time (day, month, or year) and theoretiically affect everyone in that society or culture. Can have either a short-term or long-term effect

Front 9

Non-normative influences

Back 9

Factors that are not related to age or history but still affect specific individuals during the life span. These factors cannot be attributed to the normal process of development or to the impact of historical change vents. (ex: winning the lottery)

Front 10

Age-related changes

Back 10

Assumed to be direct result of the aging process (Intra-individual change- within an individual over time)

Front 11

Traditionalists

Back 11

The cohort of individuals who were born between 1925 and 1945. The work ethics and values of this generation are "practical," "patient, loyal, and hard-working," "respectful or authority," and "rule followers."

Front 12

Millennials

Back 12

Persons born from 1981 to present. This is the first generation to be born into a wired world. Work ethics and work values of this generation are described as "hopeful," "meaningful work," "diversity and change values," and "technology savvy."

Front 13

Age continuum

Back 13

To the extent that there is something systematic and age-related about our behavior, the ___ ___ serves as our individual time line, which begins at birth and ends with death. Serves as a focus or basis for the itneractions of each of these dimensions

Front 14

Individual time line

Back 14

To the extent that there is something systematic and age-related about our behavior, the age continuum serves as our ___ ___ __ which begins at birth and ends with death.

Front 15

Historical time continuum

Back 15

Each point in history serves as a reference point, and thereby defines the larger context for our development.

Front 16

Contextual time

Back 16

historical continuum. We might draw several samples of a person's behavior at various chronological age points in time.

Front 17

Adaptation level

Back 17

The point at which the person is performing at a comfortable level relative to the external demands of the environment or situation. Beyond this comfort zone, positive affect decreases and becomes negative as the demands of the environment push persons past it.

Front 18

Optimal aging

Back 18

The aging of individuals who have no identified physical illness

Front 19

Age-normative influences

Back 19

Factors that are general to the process of development and are highly related to chronological age. Can be the result of either biophysiological processes, or social-environmental factors.

Front 20

In/out of synchrony

Back 20

Whether Intra-individual differences are working together or at cross-purposes with one another.

Front 21

Cultural ethics

Back 21

Mcllroy refers to the long-term effects of history-normative influences as __ __, which are the prevailing attitudes, values, and beliefs shared by members of society at a particular time, or of a specific generation within a society.

Front 22

Generation X

Back 22

Persons born between 1965 and 1980. Grew up with financial, family, and societal insecurity; rapid change; great diversity; and a lack of solid traditions. Technically competent, comfortable with diversity, change multitasking, and competition; they believe in similaritiees rather than differences.

Front 23

Baby Boomers

Back 23

Group of individuals born between 1946 and 1964. First to be free of many potentially fatal childhood diseases, such as small pox and whooping cough. Grew up with television and experienced Woodstock, Vietnam, free love, and the drug culture. "Optimistic, teamwork and cooperation, and effecting change." Grew up embracing the psychology of entitlement and expected the best from life.

Front 24

Age function

Back 24

A picture of how our variable of interest is related to age

Front 25

Time of measurement

Back 25

Influences that affect all persons, regardless of age or cohort, at a given point in time such as the aftermath of September 11, 2001.

Front 26

Age differences

Back 26

The cross-sectional research design measures ___ ___ or what can be considered average interindividual differences, that is, the normative and average performance for members of that age group on the variables of interest.

Front 27

Developmental tasks

Back 27

Age-specific expectancies, in terms of the acquisition of speciofic skills, behaviors, and activities. Also vary as a function of culture, race, ethnicity, or gender.

Front 28

Age-appropriate behaviors

Back 28

Developmental tasks are useful in that they provide individuals with a ystem of age norms or __ ___ ___ and activities. Example: "Act your age."

Front 29

Chronological age

Back 29

Refers to the number of years that have passed since our birth.

Front 30

Transitions

Back 30

___ are important developmental events which can occur in adulthood. According to Schlossberg, there are seven types: (1) Elected, (2) Surprises, (3) Nonevents, (4) Life on hold, (5) Sleepers, (6) Double whammies, (7) Legal/chronological

Front 31

Age norms

Back 31

Also termed age-appropriate behaviors

Front 32

Emerging adulthood

Back 32

Beginning with the late teens and lasting through the 20s, with the focus being on ages 18-25. According to Arnett, sweeping demographic shifts have taken place over the past century which has made the late teens and early 20s a distinct period of the life cycle, characterized by change and exploration of possible life directions.

Front 33

Longitudinal design

Back 33

Research design that invovles comparing individuals of the same age at different times of measurement. Measure age changes or average intra-individual change.

Front 34

Selective sampling

Back 34

Samples are generally composed of volunteers, therefore, persons who do so may not represent everyone in whom we are interested. Those who volunteer may be brighter, healthier, more highly educated, or differ in terms of their gender or marital status from those who do not volunteer.

Front 35

Aging society

Back 35

The percentage of "older" individuals is becoming larger than the percentage of "younger" individuals.

Front 36

Filial piety

Back 36

Demonstrates that respect and care for parents and the aged are deeply entrenched in Asian cultures

Front 37

Stereotypes

Back 37

Myths or beliefs that are overgeneralizations

Front 38

Stereotype threat

Back 38

The impact of being exposed to negative or positive stereotypes on persons' performance and well-being.