Adult And Aging Notecards

Front 1

Nature Vs. Nurture

Back 1

Nature refers to genes(genetics) nurture refers to the environment

Front 2

Qualitative vs. Quantitative

Back 2

Qualitative change is abrupt, stagelike differences in kind rather than amount that occur in development. Quantitative change is the differences in amount rather than kind that occur in development

Front 3

Multidirectionality

Back 3

idea that there are intraindividaul differences in the patterns of development and aging

Front 4

Normative age graded factors

Back 4

similar across individuals and even cultures. Ex. maturation and deterioration of the brain and nervous system occur at roughly the same ages in all individuals

Front 5

normative history graded factors

Back 5

developmental influences closely related to historical eras or events rather than to age.

Front 6

Cohort group

Back 6

group of people born in the same time period

Front 7

Idisyncratic life events

Back 7

developmental change that is or seems unique to an individual. this form of development change is probably codetermined by biogenetic antecedents and distintive events and experiences occuring at critical moments in development.

Front 8

chronological age

Back 8

refers to the number of years that have elapsed since a person's birth

Front 9

Biological age

Back 9

estimate of the individuals position with respect to his/her potential life span. involves measuring the status of an individuals vitality or neurobilogical health.

Front 10

psychological age

Back 10

individuals adaptive capacities- the ability to adapt to the changing environmental demands

Front 11

social age

Back 11

refers to the social roles and expectatiosn people hold for themselves as well as those others impose on them.

Front 12

age profiles

Back 12

given the different dimensions of age, we can develope an age profile that represents multiple dimensions for any individual

Front 13

Life expectancy in 1900?

Back 13

47 years old

Front 14

major causes of death in U.S.?

Back 14

heart disease, lung cancer, motor vehicle accidents, suicide, cirrhosis of the liver, and emphysema.

Front 15

why do women live longer then men?

Back 15

combination of social,biological, and genetic factors. social factors include health behaviors, habits, occupational styles.

Front 16

longevity

Back 16

refers to the number of years an individual actually lives

Front 17

ageism

Back 17

refers to the prejudiced behavior of individuals and systems within the culture in regard to aging and older adults, and negative consequences of inaccurate stereotyping of the elderly.

Front 18

dependency ratio

Back 18

number of younger adults relative to the number of older adults

Front 19

senescence

Back 19

all cahnges associated with the normal process of aging

Front 20

geron

Back 20

refers to the process by which an animal sheds its skin

Front 21

physical changes with age

Back 21

skin begins to wrinkle and spot, hair loss, height and weight loss.

Front 22

how much is height affected?

Back 22

men 1/2 inch between 30 and 50, another one inch between 50 and 70. women lose 2inches between 25 and 75

Front 23

cataracts

Back 23

a person with cataracts has a lens that is functionally opaque-light cannot readily travel through the lens to project onto the retina.

Front 24

glaucoma

Back 24

results from increasing pressure inside the eye

Front 25

accomodation

Back 25

refers to the ability of the lens to focus on near or far objects and maintain a clear image on retina.

Front 26

how does hearing change with age?

Back 26

fairly constant during much of early adulthood and starts to decline during middle adulthood. by age 50 we are likely to have problems hearing high pitched sounds.

Front 27

tinnitus

Back 27

high pitched ringing or whistling sound in the ears.

Front 28

how does aging affect physical ability?

Back 28

reduction in muscle strength

Front 29

how does aging affect motor performance?

Back 29

motor performance slows.

Front 30

aphasia

Back 30

breakdown or loss of an individuals language abilities.

Front 31

where are language abilities located in the brain?

Back 31

left hemisphere

Front 32

agnosia

Back 32

failure to recognize familiar objects or faces and other expression of visual spatial disorder.

Front 33

alzheimers disease

Back 33

acssociated with decrements in neurotansmitter acetylcholine

Front 34

multi infarct dementia

Back 34

caused by vascular disease that produces multiple small strokes in the brain

Front 35

brain stem

Back 35

controlas basic biological functions such as breathing and heart rate.

Front 36

ARAS

Back 36

regulates an individuals state of consciousness and level of arousal

Front 37

cerebellum

Back 37

helps maintain halance and posture and coordinate body movements. memories for simple learned responses stored here.

Front 38

limbic system

Back 38

Hypothalamus: controls eating, drinking, body temp, sexual activity.
hippocampus: builds associations in memory

Front 39

frontal lobes

Back 39

serve memory,planning, and control of various complex cognitive functions.

Front 40

corpus callosum

Back 40

connects the hemispheres.

Front 41

temporal lobe

Back 41

involved in the consolidation of long term memores in assigning of emotional properties to incoming experiences and in processing auditory information.

Front 42

perietal lobe

Back 42

registers and interprets touch pain and temp

Front 43

occipital lobe

Back 43

controls basic visual processing

Front 44

oldest part of brain?

Back 44

brain stem

Front 45

parts of the neuron

Back 45

soma,axon,dendrites

Front 46

functions of neurotansmitters

Back 46

neurons communicate with each other by secreting neurontransmitters.

Front 47

neurofibrillary tangles

Back 47

tangled bundles of protein filaments

Front 48

senile plaque

Back 48

accumulation of masses of amyloid surrounded by degenerating axons and dendrites; seniles plaques prevent normal communication between neurons.

Front 49

MRI

Back 49

stimulated brain tissue emits signals that a computer transforms into an image. use MRI to identify regions of the brain that are most sensitive to age related deterioration

Front 50

PET

Back 50

brain metabolic activity is assessed by measuring changes in the amount of regional cerbral blood flow.

Front 51

EEG

Back 51

measure the general electrical activity of the brain.

Front 52

Parkinsons disease

Back 52

triggered by degeneration of dopamine producing neurons in the brain.

Front 53

Genetic mutation theory

Back 53

suggests that aging is caused by changes or mutations in the DNA of the cells in vital organs of the body

Front 54

genetic switching theory

Back 54

suggests that certain genes cease to operate or switch off causing aging

Front 55

Free radical theory

Back 55

certain molecules within a cell display a violent reaction when they encounter oxygen

Front 56

wear and tear theory

Back 56

idea that aging occurs beacause of physical wear and tear on the body caused by hard work

Front 57

dementia

Back 57

a neurocognitive disorder

Front 58

delirium

Back 58

acute onset it can jsut go away.