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400 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When was the American Continental Army Established
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14 June 1775
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How many campaign and battle streamers does the Army Flag have?
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Over 180
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What is the Army's Vision for its three strategic roles?
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Prevent, Shape, and Win
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What gives the President the Authority as the Commander and Chief?
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The Constitution
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Who determines the size and organization of the Army?
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Congress
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What is the Army's Mission?
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To fight and win the Nation's wars through prompt and sustained land combat, as part of the joint force.
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If there is no "Trust between Soldiers and their Leaders" what can be the outcome?
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Soldiers will only follow those orders given and only out of fear of consequences and will not take initiative.
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what does trust at all levels of Leadership depend on?
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Candor
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What are the 7 Army Values?
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Loyalty; Duty; Respect; Selfless Service; Honor; Integrity; Personal Courage
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What usually keeps professoinal Soldiers in the Army?
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Families
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Army Training does more than develop technical expertise, it also encourages Army leaders to do what?
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Exercise discretionary judgments without close supervision; this ability is critically important to develop confident leaders.
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What does Cerification measure?
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competence, character, and commitment
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What is Professional Competence?
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Mastery of specific skills
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What must an individual do to become a professional?
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become certified in their job or tasks
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What is an Oath?
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an individual moral commitment made publicly
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Is the Constitutional Oath legally binding?
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YES
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How is loss of discipline on the part of our Soldiers exploited by the Enemy?
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through enemy propaganda and it is magnified through the news media.
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What must small-unit leaders do to prevent our soldiers from retaliating in response to an Enemy's unethical acts?
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maintain discipline and ensure that the conduct of Soldiers remains within ethical and moral boundaries
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What does ADP 1 Chapter 2-20 mean by "esprit de corps"?
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we should always respect our history and traditions
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How does the army emphasize esprit de corps?
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we should always respect our history and traditions
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How does the Army emphasize esprit de corps and tradition and history?
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through the practice of our customs, traditions, and history?
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How do Units and Organizations preserve their unit histories and display them?
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Unit Distinctive Insignia (such as unit crests, patches, and mottos) and by maintaining written account of the unit's history.
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What is the hallmark of units with high esprit de corps?
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Those Soldiers will display a high level of Discipline and Pride.
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What is Discipline?
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The behavior tempered by high standards of conduct and performance and reflects the self-control necessary in the face of temptation, obstacles, and adversity, and the fear to do the harder right instead of the easier wrong.
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What is Pride?
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Recognition that obstacles, adversity, and fear can be mastered through discipline and teamwork.
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What does Esprit de corps say about a Soldier or unit?
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That the Soldier or unit has high motivation, discipline, and morale.
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What are the 4 primary missions of the Armed Forces that may require large numbers of ground forces or the ready availability of large numbers of Soldiers?
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Counter Terrorism and Irregular Warfare; Stability and Counterinsurgency Operations; War; The defense of our homeland and support of civil authorities
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What do Space systems allow the Army to employ?
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Weapon Systems rapidly, lethally, and descreetly.
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What are the Army's two Core Competencies that are indispensable contributions to the joint force?
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Combined arms maneuver and wide area security.
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What are the levels of Command and Rank that generally commands them?
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Squad=SSG; Platoon=Lieutenant/SFC; Company=Captain/1SG; Battalion=LTC/CSM; Brigade=COL/CSM; Division=Major General/CSM; Corps=Lieutenant General/CSM; Army=General/CSM(SMA)
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What is the size of a Squad?
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6-9 Soldiers
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What is the size of a Platoon?
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16-44 Soldiers
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What is the size of a Company?
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62-190 Soldiers
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What is the size of a Battalion?
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300-1000 Soldiers
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What is the size of a Brigade?
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3000-5000 Soldiers
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What is the size of a Division?
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10000-15000 Soldiers
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What is the size of a Corps?
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20000-45000 Soldiers
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What is the size of an Army?
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50000+ Soldiers
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Why did Military expeditions throughout history usually fail?
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because of disease and combat losses, OR Lack of supplies preventing them from seizing opportunities
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What gives our Nation the ability to Deploy Large ground forces anywhere in the world indefinitely?
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Soldiers are the best supplied, best equipped, and healthiest American troops in history.
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How long has it been since soldiers have faced a Threat from the Air?
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Over 60 years because of America's Air Superiority.
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What is Joint Interdependence?
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The Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines working Together.
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What is an example of Joint Interdenedence?
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A Platoon leader can call upon air, maritime, and space-based systems to destory the enemy.
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What are the two things that the Army must invest in for the Future of the Army to be combat ready for any environment?
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Training and Leader Development
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Where does the Army currently plan to "Prioritize its assets" for possible future conflicts?
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The Pacific Region and the Middle East
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After every major conflict our Nation has been engaged in, what has the Military historically been politically forced to do?
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Always been forced to Draw Down in Size as the Nation's defense priorities change.
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What must we ensure that we do not do during these Drawdown processes?
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Avoid the historic past patterns of drawing down too quickly and risk losing leader, skills, and capabilities.
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What is the Army's Greatest Asset?
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The All-Volunteer Force
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What type of Leader must the Army Retain?
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High-Quality, Combat Experienced Leaders, So that they, in turn, train the next generation.
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What is Leadership?
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Leadership is the process of influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation to accomplish the unit's mission and improve the organization.
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Good Leaders have the ability to respond effectively to what?
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Complexity and chaos, Anticipate opportunities, and remain effective under stress.
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How does the Army shape Leaders?
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Through tough realistic training to gain experience, education, leader development, and encouraging responsibility.
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What are the things that Leaders must do?
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Learn, Think, Adapt, and Communicate fully, honestly, and candidly up, down, and laterally with their peers.
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How will Great Leaders achieve missoin success?
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By having the ability to balance or mitigate risk to seize and retain the initiative.
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What is the percentage of Americans that Serve in the Military?
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Less than half of 1% and only about half of those serving are Soldiers.
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What task can the National Guard perform which the Active Army is not allowed without certain special circumstances?
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They can be used for law enforcement purposes when used by the Governor and called up for State emergencies.
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How much of the Army's Strength is made up by the Army Reserves and how much of Sustainment do they provide?
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They make up about 1/5 and it provides 1/2 of the Army's Sustainment forces.
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What is the difference between the Operating Force and the Generating Force?
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The Operating Force is units that are ready and prepared to deploy for combat. Generating Force prepares the Operating Forces for their mission (examples: OTC's and SGL's)
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What does the Army Flag Honor?
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All those who served and are serving and a reminder of the Nation's struggle to remain Free.
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Who did the US fight during the War of 1812?
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The British
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What was the year that the Army fought Mexico in "The Mexican War"?
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1864
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What was gained from the Mexican War?
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The Nation's borders were extended to the Pacific Ocean
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When did the Civil War begin?
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1861
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When was the War with Spain?
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1898
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What was significant about the War with Spain?
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It exposed serious deficiencies with Mobilization, deployment, and sustainment.
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When did the US mass the Largest Army in history?
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During World War II
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what is the longest war in US Military History and how long did it last?
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The war in Afghanistan and currently it has been over 12 years of fighting.
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What war had more casualties than any other War?
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The Civil War
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How many Divisions did the Army have during World War II?
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89
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What does ADP 1-02 cover?
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Operational Terms and Military Symbols
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What is the most important ability to communicate when conducting operations?
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using a common set of doctrinal terms and military symbols
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How do you give shorter and clearer orders that convey information with greater speed and less risk of misunderstanding?
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By using Plain, Concise, and understandable language.
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What is Doctrine?
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fundamental principles by which the military forces or elements guide their actions in support of objectives.
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What are the four publication types that doctrine will be introduced to the Army?
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Army Doctrine Publications (ADP); Army Doctrine Reference Publications(ADRP); Field Manuals (FM); Army Techniques Publications (ATP)
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Where did the term "Fires" originate?
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From lessons learned after Operatoin Desert Storm against the Iraqi Army from the need to coordinate the delivery of air, land, and maritime assets in time and space against targets to enhance their effectiveness.
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What is Joint Fires?
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Fires delivered from two or more forces to produce a desired effect to support a common objective.
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Should terms and abbreviations be classified or unclassified?
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Unclassified.
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Who establishes policy for establishing doctrinal terms?
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TRADOC
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What does TRADOC stand for?
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Training and Doctrine Command
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What is the definition of Communication?
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An Exchange of meaning that is only complete when the intended meaning is understood precisely by the intended audience.
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What does the word "Repeat" mean?
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firing at the same target with the same ammunition for artillery and mortar fire.
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What does "Say Again" mean?
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It asks someone to repeat what he or she previously said.
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What is an Adversary?
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A party acknowledged as potentially hostile to a friendly party and against which the use of force may be Necessary or Needed.
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What is an Enemy Combatant?
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An individual engaged in hostilities against the United States or its coalition partners during an armed conflict.
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How are Acronyms Formed?
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From the initial letter of a name or parts of a series of words.
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What is a military Map?
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A Graphical representation of a unit, equipment, installation, activity, control measure, or tactical task relevant to military operations that is used for planning or to represent the common operation picture on a map, display, or overlay.
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What is a common operation picture?
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A single display of relevant information within a commander's area of interest tailored to the user's requirements and based on common data and information shared by more than one command.
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When using a map or other graphical representation, what should an operations center or command post's common operational picture show?
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Friendly and enemy units or ships, boundaries, control measures, or other elements the commander deems necessary to understand the common operating picture and also provide any observer a basic understanding of the situation.
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What are the two military symbol categories?
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Framed and Unframed.
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What are framed military symbol categories?
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Unit, Equipment, Installation, and Activity Symbols.
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What are unframed military symbol categories?
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Control measures and tactical task mission symbols.
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What Army Publication explains how to build symbols using basic components?
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ADRP 1-02
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What does ADP 2-0 Cover?
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Intelligence
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What are hazards?
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Conditions or natural phenomena able to damage or destroy life, vital resources, and institutions, or prevent mission accomplishment.
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What is intelligence?
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The collection, processing, integration, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of information concerning foreign nations, hostile or potentially hostile forces.
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What does the intelligence warfighting function provide Commanders?
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Intelligence to plan, prepare, execute, and assess operations.
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What are the two most important aspects of intelligence?
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Enabling mission command and providing support to commanders and decision makers.
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How do Commanders provide guidance and continuous feedback throughout operations?
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Providing Direction; Stating clear concise guidance; Commander's critical information Requirements (CCIRs); Syncronizing the Intelligence Warfighting Function; Participating in Planning; Collaborating with the G-2/S-2 during the execution of operations.
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What does the intelligence warfighting function allow a commander to understand?
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The enemy, terrain, and civil considerations
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For the purposes of intelligence, the term "enemy" includes what?
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The entire range of threats.
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For the purposes of intelligence, the term "terrain" also includes what?
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Weather, because it will have an impact on operations.
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What is "intelligence support to situational understanding"?
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Providing information and intelligence to commanders to assist them in achieving a clear understanding of the force's current state with relation to the threat and other relevant aspects of the operational environment.
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What is "Conduct information collection"?
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Synchronizing and integrating the planning and employment of sensors and assets as well as the processing, exploitation, and dissemination of systems in direct support of current and future operations.
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What is "Intelligence support to targeting and information capabilities"?
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Providing the commander information and intelligence for targeting to achieve lethal and nonlethal effects.
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What should the G-2/S-2 and G-3/S-3 staffs work together on to collect, process, and analyze information for the commander on?
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Threats, terrain and weather, and civil considerations that affect operations.
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Does the G-2/S-2 staff tasking authority over the information collection of assets?
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No they can recommend only to the G-3/S-3 staff only using the orders process.
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Who does the G-2/S-2 staff recommend tasking of information collection assets and capabilities to?
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The G-3/S-3 staff who will then use the orders process.
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What will make the intelligence Enterprise ineffective?
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If there is no collaboration between the different agencies.
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What are Fusion Centers?
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Ad Hoc cells designed to enable lethal and nonlethal targeting, facilitate current or future operations, and inform decision making.
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What are the intelligence core competencies?
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Intelligence synchronization, intelligence operations, and intelligence analysis.
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What must all military intelligence units and military intelligence soldiers continuously train on in order to maintain a high degree of proficiency?
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The intelligence core competencies.
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What are the four primary means of collecting information?
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Intelligence operations reconnaissance, surveillance, and security operations.
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What are Intelligence Operations?
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The tasks undertaken by military intelligence units and soldiers to obtain information to satisfy validated requirements.
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What is an Intelligence Analysis?
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The process by which collected information is evaluated and integrated with existing information to facilitate intelligence production.
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What are the six interrelated categories of intelligence operations?
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Planning and Directions; Collection; Processing and Exploitation; Analysis and Production; Dissemination and Integration; Evaluation and Feedback.
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What are the two continuing activities in the Army Intelligence process?
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Analyze and Assess
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What are two separate, but closely related, components planning consists of?
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Conceptual and detailed planning
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What is Conceptual Planning?
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Involves understanding the operational environment and the problem, determining the operation's end state, and visualizing an operational approach.
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What is Detailed Planning?
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Translates the broad operational approach into a complete and practical plan.
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What is the purpose of Intelligence Collection?
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To provide critical information at key times throughout the operation and during the transition from one operation to another operation.
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What is Intelligence Production?
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Development of Intelligence through the analysis of collected information and existing intelligence.
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What do intelligence Analysts Produce?
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Intelligence products, conclusions, or projections regarding threats and relevant aspects of the operational environment to answer known or anticipated requirements.
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Which source of intelligence is more reliable and less susceptible to deception?
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All-Source Intelligence.
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How is Single-Source intelligence gathered?
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Reconnaissance, surveillance, and security operations.
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What are the "Intelligence Disciplines"?
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Counterintelligence (CI); Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT) Human Intelligence (HUMINT); Measurement and signature intelligence (MASINT); Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT); Signals Intelligence (SIGINT); Technical Intelligence (TECHINT)
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What are the Complementary Intelligence capabilities?
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Biometrics-enabled intelligence (BEI); Cyber-enabled Intelligence; Document and media exploitation (DOMEX); Forensic-enabled intelligence (FEI)
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What does Intelligence PED Stand for?
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Processing, Exploitation, and Dissemination
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What are PED enablers?
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Specialized intelligence and communications systems, advanced technologies, and the associated personnel that conduct intelligence processing as well as single-source analysis within intelligence units.
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What PED activities are prioritized and focused on?
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Intelligence processing, analysis, and assessment.
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What do effective PED intelligence operations allow?
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Flexibility and responsiveness to changing situation and adaptive threats.
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What does Unified Land Operations Describe?
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How the Army seizes, retains, and exploits the initiative through simultaneous offensive, defensive, and stability operations.
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What is Unified Land Operations?
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The Army's basic warfighting doctrine and is the Army's contribution to unified...
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Describe Army doctrine.
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A body of through on how Army forces operate as an integral part of a joint force.
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What is the Operational Environment?
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A composite of the conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the employment of capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander.
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Army leaders plan, prepare, execute, and assess operations by analyzing the operational environment by using what variables?
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Operational and Mission Variables.
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What does METT-TC stand for?
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Mission, Enemy, Terrain and Weather, Troops and Support available, Time Available, Civil Considerations.
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What does PMESII-PT stand for?
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Political, Military, economic, social, information, infrastructure, physical environment, time.
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What are the most likely security threats that the Army forces will encounter?
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Hybrid Threats.
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What are Hybrid Threats?
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A combination of regular forces, irregular forces, terrorist forces, criminal elements, or a combination of these forces and elements.
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What are the two most challenging potential enemy threats that the US faces?
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A nonstate entity and a nuclear-capable nation-state partnered with one or more nonstate actors.
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What is a nonstate enemy threat?
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Entity possessing weapons of mass destruction.
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What is a nuclear-capable nation-state?
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Can employ advanced information technology, conventional military forces armed with modern equipment, and irregular forces.
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What are the Army's two core competencies?
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Combined Arms Maneuver and Wide Area Security.
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What does the Army's two core competencies enable Army forces to achieve?
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To defeat or destroy an enemy, seize or occupy key terrain,
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What is the foundation of Unified Land Operations built on?
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Initiative, Decisive Action, and Mission Command.
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How does the Army seize, retain, and exploit the initiative?
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By striking the enemy, both lethally and nonlethally, in time, places, or manners for which the enemy is not prepared.
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What is seizing the initiative?
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Setting and Dictating the terms of action.
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How does seizing the initiative affect the enemy?
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It degrades the enemy's ability to function as a coherent force.
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What must leaders do to prevent an enemy's recovery and retain the initiative?
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Follow up with a series of actions that destroy enemy capabilities, and degreade the coherence of the enemy force.
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From an enemy point of view, what must US Operations be?
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Rapid, Unpredictable, and Disorienting.
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How do Army forces conduct decisive and sustainable land operations?
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Through the simultaneous combination of offensive, defensive, and stability operations.
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What are Offensive Operations?
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Operation conducted to defeat and destroy enemy forces and seize terrain, resources, and population centers.
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What are the types of Offensive Operations?
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Movement to contact, attack, exploitation, and pursuit.
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What are Defensive Operatoins?
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Operation conducted to defeat an enemy attack, gain time, economize forces, and develop conditions favorable for offensive and stability tasks.
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What are the types of Defensive Operations?
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Mobile Defense, Area Defense, and Retrograde.
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What are Stability Operations?
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Military missions, tasks, and activities conducted outside the United States to maintain or reestablishy a safe and secure environment.
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What are the five tasks for Stability Operations?
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Establish civil security, establish civil control, restore essential services, support to governance, and support to economic and infrastructure environment.
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What are the tasks for Department of Defense support to US Civil authorities?
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Provide support for domestic disasters; Provide support for domestic chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosives incidents; provide support for domestic civilian law enforcement agencies; and provide other designated support.
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What is Combined Arms Maneuver?
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The application of the elements of combat power in unified action to defeat enemy ground forces; to seize, occupy, and defend land areas, and to achieve physical advantage, and to consolidate gains in order to retain the initiative.
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What is Wide Area Security?
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The application of the elements of combat power in unified action to protect populations, forces, infrastructure, and activities, to deny the enemy positions of advantage; and to consolidate gains in order to retain the initiative.
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What is an "Operation"?
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A military action, consisting of two or more related tactical actions, designed to achieve a strategic objective.
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What is a Tactical Action?
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A battle or engagement, employing lethal or nonlethal actions, designed for a specific purpose relative to the enemy, the terrain, friendly forces, or other entity.
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What are the characteristics of an Army Operation?
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Flexibility, Integration, Lethality, Adaptability, Depth, and Synchronization.
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What can leaders achieve by demonstrating flexibility?
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Tactical, Operational, and Strategic Success.
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Why is it important for Lethality of our forces?
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Lethal force builds the foundation for effective offensive, defensive, and stability operations.
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What must Army Leaders understand about Adaptability?
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Accept that no prefabricated solutions to tactical or operational problems exist.
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Why is Adaptability essential?
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Seizing, Retaining, and Exploiting the Initiative.
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What are Troop Leading Procedures?
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A Dynamic process used by small-unit leaders to analyze a mission, develop a plan, and prepare for an operation.
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What does Preparation consist of?
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Activities that units preform to improve their ability to execute an operation.
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What is Execution?
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Puts a Plan into Action.
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What does ADP 3-05 Cover?
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Special Operations
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What ADP covers Special Operations?
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ADP 3-05
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What does ADP 3-05 Describe?
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The Role of the United States Army Special Operations Forces (ARSOF) in the US Army's operating concept to shape operational environments in the countries and regions of consequence, prevent conflict through the application of special operations and conventional deterrence, and when necessary help win our nation's wars.
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What does ARSOF stand for?
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Army Special Operations Forces
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What is the mission of ARSOF?
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To provide in the nation's defense unequalled Surgical Strike and Special Warfare capabilities.
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What does SOF stand for?
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Special Operations Forces
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What personnel and units are considered Army Special Operations Forces?
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Civil Affairs, Military Information Support Operations, Rangers, Special Forces, Special Mission Units, and Army Special Operations Aviation Forces assigned to the US Army Special Operations Command.
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What are Special Operations?
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Operations requiring unique modes of employment, tactical techniques, equipment, and training often conducted in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments.
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How are Special Operations usually characterized?
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Time Sensitive, Clandestine, low visibility, conducted with/through indigenous forces, requiring regional expertise, and/or high degree of risk.
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What are the factors for employment of Special Operations Forces?
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National policy, geographic combatant commander, jointforce commander, or ambassador requirements; the character of the operational environment; as well as the nature of the threat.
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What is the percentage that the Army's Special Operations Forces supply to the Department of Defense?
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Over 50%
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What is the total percentage of Special Operations Forces in the Army?
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About 5%
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What are two Special Operations critical capabilities?
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Surgical strike and Special Warfare
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What does Surgical strike provide?
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A Primarily unilateral, scalable direct action capability that is employed in counter terrorism, counter proliferation, hostage rescue, kill/capture operations against designated targets and other specialized tasks of strategic importance.
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What does Special Warfare provide?
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A capability that achieves impact largely by working with and through others to assess and moderate behavior, address local conditions, and/or build indigenous warfighting capability, typically in long-duration campaigns.
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How is Special Warfare employed?
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Unconventional warfare, counterinsurgency, foreign internal defense, security force assistance, staility operations, and select intelligence activities such as preparation of the environment.
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What functions can Special Operations Forces provide outside designated theaters of war?
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Can Shape potential operational environments by working with host nation or frendly indigenous forces to assist with conflict avoidance or mitigate and set conditions for the rapid introduction of other US or allied forces.
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What do Special Operations Forces continuously study?
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The emerging threats and participate in ongoing activities and operations designed to eliminate, mitigate, or shape the threat.
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What are ARSOF's global surgical strike capabilities?
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Rapidly and precisely strike high-payoff targets, to rescue hostages, or to retrieve special material or items of interest - all with a low signature and little collateral damage.
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What do today's enemies cloak themselves in?
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The Human activity of the modern, increasingly interdependent, and virtually connected world
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Why are Special Operations Forces frequently used in diplomatically sensitive missions?
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Because special operations can provide a discreet, precise, politically astute, and scalable capability.
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What is the role of SOF when the operational environemtn is stabilized?
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To support the conventional force drawdown, assist in the transitoin of civil activities, support host nation sovereignty, and set conditions to prevent further conflict.
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What is Special Warfare?
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The execution of activities that involve a combination of lethal and nonlethal actoins taken by a specially trained and educated force that has a deep understanding of cultures and foreign language, proficiency in small-unit tactics, and the ability to build and fight alongside indigenous combat formations in a permissive, uncertain, or hostile environment.
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What is Unconventional Warfare?
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Activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to coerce, disrupt, or pverthrow a government or occupying power by operating through or with an underground, auxiliary, and guerrilla force in a denied area.
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What is used to influence the indigenous population to support the resistance movement or insurgency?
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Army Special Operations Forces Activities.
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What do SOF focus on for Foreign internal defense and unconventional warfare?
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Working with indigenous forces in the conduct of unconventional warfare.
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What are some of the activities included in a Surgical Strike?
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Actions against critical operatoinal or strategic targets; which include counterproliferation actions, counterterrorism actions, and hostage rescue and recovery operations.
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What are Counterproliferation Actions?
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Actions taken directly and indirectly against terrorist networks influence and render global and regional environments inhospitable to terrorist networks.
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What are Hostage Rescure and Recovery Operations?
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Operations, which are sensitive crisis response missions, include offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, preempt, and respond to terrorist threats and incidents, including recapture of US Facilities, installations, and sensitive material.
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What do the principles of descreet, precise, and scalable operations allow SOF to conduct?
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A wide range of missions, often high risk and clandestine or low visibility in nature.
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What are Special Operations Core Principles?
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Discreet, precise, and scalable operations.
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What do the principles of discreet, precise, and scalable operations enhance?
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The credibility and legitimacy of the indigenous population or host nation that we are working.
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What is enhanced by the principle of being discreet?
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Reduces the signature of US presence or assistance
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What are Regional mechanisms?
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The primary methods through which friendly forces affect indigenous populations, host nations, or the enemy to establish the conditions needed to safeguard our interests and those of our allies.
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What do SOF initial and ongoing assessments assist in?
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Planning, preparation, and execution, and ensure efforts and events are linked, progressive, measurable, and effective in support of combatant or joint task force commanders' desired effects or outcomes.
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What does Active deterrence often invlove?
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Lethal and Nonlethal activities (including surgical strike), diplomatic and developmental efforts, and the training of credible and effective foreign security forces.
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How do Army Special Operations degrade the effectiveness of adversaries and threats?
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By disrupting their support networks, shadow governments, infrastructure, and financing, through unilateral surgical strike and special warfare in convert with service or Army conventional, joint, interagency, intergovernmental, and multinational partners.
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What do Soldiers volunteering to become Army Special Operations Force operators undergo?
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Physically and Mentally demanding assessment and selection program.
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Why must Soldiers undergo a demanding assessment and selectoin program?
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In order to meet the rigorous intellectual and phyysical demands of special warfare and surgical strike.
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What are SOF Candidates evaluated to ensure?
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They have the character, commitment, and intellect to succeed in the rigorous training and education programs that follow.
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What are the four characteristics of Army Special Operations?
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Low-Visibility/Clandestine; Minimal Signature; Used to foster habitual(indiginous) relationships; Used to employ precise and timely actoins and messages.
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What do the characteristics of special operations Soldiers enable them to carry out?
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Special warfare or surgical strikes - The Army Special Operations Forces critical capabilities.
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What are the eight tailored operational packages of Army Forces, Special Forces, Civil Affairs, and Psychological Operations Soldiers?
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Language Trained; Regionally Aligned; Culturally Astute; Politically Nuanced; Trained in mediation and negotiation; Expected to Operate Autonomously; Proficient at interorganizational coordination; Proficient with and enabled by application of advanced technologies.
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For a SOF Commander, what may take precedence over the achievement of military priorities?
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The advancement of political objectives.
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Why must SOF Commanders carefully select when, where, and how to employ Army Special Operations Forces?
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Special operations missions often have sensitive political implications.
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What is the most crucial factor in developing and maintaining internal and international support?
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Legitimacy
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What must Commanders at all levels ensure their Soldiers operate in accordance with to maintain legitimacy and credibility?
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The Law of War and The Rules of Engagement.
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What must Army Special Operations Forces have to receive the level of indigenous support that is essential to success?
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Ligitimacy and Credibility.
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How are SOF psychological effects often amplified?
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By increasingly persuasive electronic media environment and the growing influence of social media.
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What do supported non-US forces serve as?
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Force multipliers in the pursuit of mutual security objectives with minimum US visibility, risk, and cost.
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What is often the primary intelligence discipline for satisfying special operations forces critical intelligence requirements, whether from overt or controlled sources?
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Human Intelligence.
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What is the key to effective intelligence support?
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For Special Operations to fully leverage the entire intelligence support system and architecture.
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What can exclude key special operations forces and conventional forces personnel from the planning cycle?
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Over Compartmentalization.
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For a SOF Commander, what may insufficient or excessive security compromise?
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The Mission.
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How do Army Special Operations Forces support the combatant commander?
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Maintaining alliances, building partner capacity, influencing selected foreign target audiences, developing friendly indigenous capabilities, or conducting unilateral special operations.
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What does ADP 3-05 lay out for Commanders?
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The Basic Foundation for commanders and civilian leaders alike on how special operations provide discreet, precise, and scalable operations in the pursuit of national objectives.
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What does ADP 3-07 Cover?
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Stability
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What are the 5 Stability Tasks?
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Establish Civil Security; Establish Civil Control; Restore Essential Services; Support to Governance; Support to Economic and Infrastructure Development
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What are the 5 Joint Stability Functions?
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Security; Rule of Law; Humanitarian Assistance; Governance and Participation; Economic Stabilization and Infrastructure
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What are the 5 End State Goals for Stability?
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Safe and Secure Environment; Established Rule of Law; Social Well Being; Stable Governance; Sustainable Economy
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Stability Operations must be founded on what 4 Principles?
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Conflict Transformation; Unity of Effort; Legitimacy and Host Nation Ownership; Building Partner capacity
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What is the Intent of Stability?
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to create a condition so the local populace regards the situation as legitimate, acceptable, and predictable
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What are Factors that create Instability?
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decreased support for the government; increased support for anti-government elements; undermining of the normal functioning of society
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What is Stabilization?
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a process in which personnel identify and mitigate underlying sources of instability to establish the conditions for long-term stability
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What are the 4 principles that lay the foundation for long-term stability?
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Conflict Transformation; Unity of Effort; Legitimacy and host-nation ownership; Building Partner Capacity
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What is Legitimacy?
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a condition based upon the perception by specific audiences of the legality, morality, or rightness of a set of actions, and of the propriety of the authority of the individuals or organizations in taking them
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What are the 4 Factors for Successful Legitimacy?
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mandate, manner, consent, and expectation
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What is Building Partner Capacity?
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the outcome of comprehensive interorganizational activities, programs, and engagements that enhance the ability of partners for security, rule of law, essential services, governance, economic development, and other critical government functions
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What is a Fragile State?
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a country that suffers from institutional weaknesses serious enough to threaten the stability of the central government
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What is a Safe and Secure Environment?
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one in which the population has the freedom to pursue daily activities without fear of politically motivated, persistent, or large-scale violence
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Why is a Safe and Secure Environment Important to Mission Success?
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it is essential for implementing the diplomatic, economic, and informational programs that target the sources of conflict and instability
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What is Established Rule of Law?
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the condition in which all individuals and institutions, public and private, and the state itself are accountable to the law
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What is Social Well Being?
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the condition in which the population believes its basic human needs are met and people coexist peacefully
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What are Examples of Social Well Being?
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equal access to and delivery of basic needs services (water, food, shelter, and health services), primary and secondary education, the return or resettlement of those misplaced by violent conflict, and the restoration of social fabric and community life
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What is Governance?
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the state’s ability to serve the citizens through the rules, processes, and behavior by which interests are articulated, resources are managed, and power is exercised in a society
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What is Stable Governance?
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a condition where the state has a sustainable political structure that permits the peaceful resolution of internal contests for power, government officials are held accountable, popular participation is guaranteed, and the population views the state as legitimate
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What is a Sustainable Economy?
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one in which the population can pursue opportunities for livelihoods within a predictable system of economic governance bound by law
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During what Phase of Operations should Stability be used?
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Offense, Defense and Stability should be used simultaneously
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What is the first thing that Commanders must do to prepare for Stability?
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identify these sources of instability, which if not addressed often lead to violence
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What does the Success of Stability Tasks Depend on to be successful?
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depends on military forces seizing, retaining, and exploiting the initiative to anticipate sources of instability and acting positively in support of
a comprehensive approach |
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What are the Minimum Essential Stability Tasks that the Army can provide when the Host Nation is unable to?
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minimal levels of security, food, water, shelter, and medical treatment
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What is Stability Operations?
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an overarching term encompassing various military missions, tasks, and activities conducted outside the United States in coordination with other instruments of national power to maintain or reestablish a safe and secure Environment, provide essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief (JP 3-0). Joint doctrine has established five joint stability functions
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What is the Goal of Establishing Civil Security?
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providing for the safety of the host nation and its population, including protection from internal and external threats. Establishing civil security provides needed space for host-nation and civil agencies and organizations to work toward sustained peace
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What is the purpose of Establishing civil control?
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it supports efforts to institute rule of law and stable, effective governance
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What is the Rule of Law sector?
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the domain of the police and other law enforcement agencies, courts, prosecution services, and prisons
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When do basic functions of local governance generally stop?
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during conflict and other disasters
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What are signs of Economic Stress?
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rapid increases in inflation, uncontrolled escalation of public debt, and a general decline in the host nation’s ability to provide for the well-being of its people
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What is a Decisive Point?
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geographic place, specific key event, critical factor, or function that, when acted upon, allows commanders to gain a marked advantage over an adversary or contribute materially to achieving success
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What are some Examples of a Decisive Point?
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Securing national borders; Repairing a vital water treatment facility; Obtaining the political support from key tribal leaders for a transitional authority;
Establishing a training academy for national security forces |
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What does ADP 4-0 cover?
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Sustainment.
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What are the three major elements of sustainment?
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Logistics, personnel services and health services.
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What is Logistics?
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planning and executing of the movement and support of forces.
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What are some examples of Logistics?
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Transportation (FM 55-1), Supply (FM 10-1), Field services (FM 10-1), Distribution (ATTP 4-0.1), Operational contract support
(ATTP 4-10), General engineering support (FM 3-34) |
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What does Health service support consists of?
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Casualty care, Medical evacuation, Medical logistics
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What does Casualty Care consist of?
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Integration, anticipation, responsiveness, simplicity, economy, survivability, continuity and improvision.
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What is Survivability?
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all aspects of protecting personnel, weapons, and supplies while simultaneously deceiving the enemy
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What is Timeliness?
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ensures decision makers have an access to relevant personnel services information and analysis that support current and future operations
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What is Stewardship?
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the careful and responsible management of resources entrusted to the government in order to execute responsible governance
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What are the Principles of the Army Health System (AHS)?
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Conformity, Proximity, Flexibility, Mobility, Continuity and Control
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What is Mobility in AHS?
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to ensure that AHS assets remain in supporting distance to support maneuvering forces
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What is Unified Action?
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the synchronization, coordination and integration of activities
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What is Joint interdependence?
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the purposeful reliance by one Service’s forces on another Service’s capabilities to maximize the
complementary and reinforcing effects of both |
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What does the Air Force and the Air Mobility Command provide?
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worldwide cargo and passenger airlift, air refueling, and aeromedical evacuation
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What does the strategic base consists of?
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the Department of Defense and industrial bases
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What does the Industrial Base do?
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manufactures, maintains, modifies, and repairs resources required by U.S. forces
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What does Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) provide?
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provides sustainment support to Joint Forces during peace and war by providing supply classes (CL) I, II, III bulk (B) package (P), IV, VIII and Class IX
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What does the United States Transportation Command provide?
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provides common-user and commercial air, land, and sea transportation (including patient movement), terminal management, and aerial refueling to support deployment, sustainment, and redeployment of U.S. forces
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What are the three component commands that make up the United States Transportation Command?
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the Air Mobility Command, the Military Sealift Command and the U.S Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command
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What is the Defense Finance and Accounting Service is responsible for?
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the delivery of accounting and financial management services for the DOD
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What do the United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command operations provide?
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space-related tactical planning and support, expertise, advice, and liaison regarding available space capabilities that facilitate joint sustainment operations
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What does Generating forces consist of?
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Army organizations whose primary mission is to generate and sustain the operational Army’s capabilities for employment.
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What is generating force is responsible for?
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the generating force is responsible for moving Army forces to and from ports of embarkation
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What is an example of an Army generating force?
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the U.S. Army Materiel Command (USAMC)
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What are Operational Forces?
|
those forces whose primary missions are to participate in combat and the integral supporting elements thereof
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What is the Expeditionary Sustainment Commands (ESC)?
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force pooled assets and are under the mission command of the TSC
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What does the ESC do?
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plans, prepares, executes, and assesses sustainment, distribution, theater opening, and reception, staging, and onward movement operations for Army forces in theater
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What does the Theater Engineer Command (TEC) serve as?
|
The Theater Engineer Command (TEC) serves as the senior engineer headquarters for a Theater Army, land component headquarters, or potentially a JTF
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What is the Theater Engineer Command (TEC) designed to do?
|
It is designed to mission command engineer capabilities for all assigned or attached engineer brigades and other engineer units and missions for the joint force land component or Theater Army commander
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What are some of the major sustainment operating force organizations?
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Theater Sustainment Command (TSC); Theater Engineer Command (TEC); Human Resource Sustainment Center; Financial Management Center; Medical Command (Deployment Support) (MEDCOM [DS])
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When does Sustainment support to populations generally occur?
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during stability tasks and defense support of civil authorities
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What is Decisive Action?
|
Army units seize, retain, and exploit the initiative to gain a position of relative advantage over the enemy
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How is Decisive Action achieved?
|
through simultaneous combination of offensive, defensive, and stability tasks that set conditions for favorable conflict resolution
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What is a Sustaining Operation?
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include personnel and logistical support, support security, movement control, terrain management, and infrastructure development
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What is Mission command?
|
the exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission orders to enable disciplined
initiative within the commander’s intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified land operations |
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What is operational reach?
|
distance and duration across which a unit can successfully employ military capabilities
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What is the Army Prepositioned Stocks (APS) program?
|
an Army strategic program
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What are the primary purposes of APS?
|
to reduce the initial strategic lift required to support a force projection Army and to sustain the Soldier until lines of communication are established
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What does the APS phase of the operation focuses on?
|
deployment, reception, drawing equipment, and staging in order to facilitate the integration of forces into the operation
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What is Force Protection?
|
the ability to project instruments of national power from the U. S. or another theater in response to requirements for military operations
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What does Force Protection include?
|
the processes of mobilization, deployment, employment, sustainment, and redeployment of forces
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What is Theater Opening?
|
the ability to establish and operate ports of debarkation (air, sea, and rail), to establish a distribution system, and to facilitate throughput for the reception, staging, and onward movement of forces within a theater of operations
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What are critical components for preparing theater opening?
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Port opening and port operations
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What does Basing enable?
|
Basing directly enables and extends operational reach, and involves the provision of sustainable facilities and protected locations from which units can conduct operations
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What is a base camp?
|
A base camp is an evolving military facility that supports military operations of a deployed unit and provides the necessary
support and services for sustained operations |
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What does Freedom of action enable?
|
enables commanders with the will to act, to achieve operational initiative and control and maintain operational tempo
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What is an Offensive Task?
|
a task conducted to defeat and destroy enemy forces and seize terrain, resources, and population centers
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What is Defensive Task?
|
conducted to defeat an enemy attack, gain time, economize forces, and develop conditions favorable for offensive or stability tasks
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What are Stability Tasks?
|
tasks conducted as part of operations outside the United States in coordination with other instruments of national power to maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment, provide essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief
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What is Endurance?
|
the ability to employ combat power anywhere for protracted periods
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How is Endurance achieved?
|
from the ability to maintain, protect, and sustain forces, regardless of how far away they are deployed, how austere the environment, or how long land power is required
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What does ADP 6-0 cover?
|
Mission Command
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What ADP Covers Mission Command?
|
ADP 6-0
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What is a team?
|
a group of individuals or organizations that work together towards a common goal.
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How do staff members assist the commander?
|
in the details of planning, preparing, executing, and assessing by conducting the operations process.
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What are the five systems included in the Mission Command System?
|
1. Personnel 2. Networks 3. Information Systems 4. Processes and Procedures 5. Facilities and equipment
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What is Mission Command?
|
the exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission orders to enable disciplined initiative within the commander’s intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified land operations.
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What three ideas does mission command doctrine incorporate?
|
the exercise of mission command, the mission command philosophy, and the mission command warfighting function
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What should Commanders provide subordinates during Mission Command?
|
their intent, the purpose of the operation, the key tasks, the desired end state, and resources
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What are the six principles of mission command?
|
1. Build cohesive teams through mutual trust 2. Create shared understanding 3. Provide a clear commander’s intent 4. Exercise disciplined initiative 5. Use mission orders 6. Accept prudent risk
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What is Mutual Trust?
|
shared confidence among commanders, subordinates, and partners
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How is Trust is gained or lost?
|
through everyday actions; not through grand or occasional gestures
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Where does Mutual Trust come from?
|
successful shared experiences and training, usually gained incidental to operations but also deliberately developed by the commander
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How do Commanders and staffs actively build and maintain shared understanding within the force?
|
by maintaining collaboration and dialogue throughout the operations process
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What is a commander’s intent?
|
is a clear and concise expression of the purpose of the operation and the desired military end state that supports mission command, provides focus to the staff, and helps subordinate and supporting commanders act to achieve the commander’s desired results without further orders, even when the operation does not unfold as planned
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What does a well-crafted commander’s intent convey?
|
a clear image of the operation’s purpose, key tasks, and the desired outcome
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When can Commanders or Soldiers deviate from Lawful Orders?
|
only when they are unlawful, needlessly risk the lives of Soldiers, or no longer fit the situation
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What are Mission Orders?
|
directives that emphasize to subordinates the results to be attained, not how they are to achieve them
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What is Command?
|
the authority that a commander in the armed forces lawfully exercises over subordinates by virtue of rank or assignment
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What is the Art of Command?
|
the creative and skillful exercise of authority through timely decision-making and leadership called
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What is Leadership?
|
the process of influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation to accomplish the mission and improve the organization
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What is authority?
|
Authority is the delegated power to judge, act, or command
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How can Commanders earn respect and trust?
|
by upholding laws and Army values, applying Army leadership principles, and demonstrating tactical and technical expertise
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What does the “science of control” consist of?
|
It consists of systems and procedures used to improve the commander’s understanding and support accomplishing missions
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What is Communication?
|
the means through which commanders exercise immediate and personal control over their forces
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What does Communication build?
|
trust, cooperation, cohesion, and shared understanding
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What ATTP provides doctrinal guidance for organizing Army command post operations and command and support relationships?
|
ATTP 5-0.1
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What are the three primary tasks to integrate all military functions and actions that Commanders must perform during mission command warfighting function?
|
1. Drive the operations process 2. Develop teams 3. Inform and influence audiences
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What are the four primary staff tasks in the exercise of mission that the staff performs to support the Commander?
|
1. Conduct the operations process 2. Conduct knowledge management and information management 3. Conduct inform and influence activities 4. Conduct cyber electromagnetic activities
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What personnel are Key personnel dedicated to mission command?
|
seconds in command, command sergeants major, and staff
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|
What does ADP 6-22 cover?
|
Army Leadership
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What is an Army Leader?
|
anyone who by virtue of assumed role or assigned responsibility inspires and influences people to accomplish organizational goals.
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What is Leadership?
|
the process of influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation to accomplish the mission and improve the organization.
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What is toxic leadership?
|
a combination of self-centered attitudes, motivations, and behaviors that have adverse effects on subordinates, the organization, and mission performance.
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|
What do Toxic Leaders consistently use dysfunctional behaviors to do?
|
deceive, intimidate, coerce, or unfairly punish others to get what they want for themselves
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Can a Toxic Leader still achieve results?
|
Yes, but only Short Term results where followers respond to the positional power of their leader to fulfill requests
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What will Toxic or Negative Leadership effect in Followers?
|
undermines the followers’ will, initiative, and potential and destroys unit morale
|
|
|
What are the two Characteristics of a Toxic Leader?
|
operates with an inflated sense of self-worth and from acute self-interest
|
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|
What is “Command”?
|
the authority that a commander in the armed forces lawfully exercises over subordinates by virtue of rank or assignment. Command includes the authority and responsibility for effectively using available resources and for planning the employment of, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling military forces for the accomplishment of assigned missions
|
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What is “Mission Command”?
|
the exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission orders to enable disciplined initiative within the commander’s intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified land operations
|
|
|
What Army Regulation specifically charges commanders to perform functions such as establishing a positive climate,caring for the well-being of Soldiers, properly training their Soldiers and developing subordinates’ competence?
|
AR 600-20
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What is AR 600-20?
|
Army Command Policy
|
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|
What are the three Leader Attributes?
|
Character; Presence; Intellect
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What are the three Leader Competencies?
|
Leads; Develops; Achieves
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|
What is Character?
|
the essence of who a person is, what a person believes, how a person acts
|
|
|
What does a Leader taking care of people involve?
|
creating and sustaining a positive climate through open communications, trust, cohesion, and teamwork
|
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|
How do Army Leaders build Trust?
|
by being honest and dependable
|
|
|
What are the three Leadership attributes?
|
Character, Presence and Intellect
|
|
|
What are the three Leadership competencies?
|
Leads, Develops and Achieves
|
|
|
What is empathy?
|
identifying and understanding what others think, feel and believe.
|
|
|
Why do Leaders Develop Others?
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to assume greater responsibility or achieve higher expertise
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Why does a Leader Steward the Profession?
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to maintain professional standards and effective capabilities for the future
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When developing subordinates, what should a Leader provide?
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resources the subordinate needs to succeed, makes expectations clear, and provides positive, meaningful feedback
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What does Getting Results require?
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the right level of delegation, empowerment and trust balanced against the mission
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Why is "Military Leadership" unique?
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because the armed forces grow their own leaders from the lowest to highest levels
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What does the leader development process involve?
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Leader development involves recruiting, accessing, developing, assigning, promoting, broadening, and retaining the best leaders, while challenging them over time with greater responsibility, authority and accountability.
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What does ADP 7-0 cover?
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Training Units and Developing Leaders
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What ADP Covers Training Units and Developing Leaders?
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ADP 7-0
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What are the three training domains the Army uses?
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institutional, operational and self-development
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What is the institutional training domain?
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The Army’s institutional training and education system which includes training base centers and schools that provide initial training and subsequent professional military education for Soldiers, Military Leaders and Army Civilians.
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What is the Operational Training domain?
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training that organizations conduct at home stations, maneuver combat training centers, during joint exercises, at mobilization centers and while operationally deployed.
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What is the self-development training domain?
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goal oriented learning that reinforces and expands the knowledge base, self-awareness, and situational awareness and it compliments institutional and operational learning and enhances professional competence and professionalism.
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Who is responsible for training units and developing leaders?
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Commanders
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What is individual training?
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Individual training allows for individuals to master fundamental skills. They are responsible for their own professional grown and for seeking out self-development opportunities.
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What is collective training?
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Collective training integrates and synchronizes the skills learned at the individual skill level. It includes unit level tasks and events, but also requires individual skill proficiency and capitalizes on multi-echelon, joint, interagency and multinational forces training opportunities as often as needed.
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What are the 11 principles of unit training?
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Commanders and other leaders are responsible for training; Noncommissioned officers train individuals, crews, and small teams; Train to standard; Train as you will fight; Train while operating; Train fundamentals first; Train to develop adaptability; Understand the operational environment; Train to sustain; Train to maintain; Conduct multi-echelon and concurrent training.
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Who is responsible for the training proficiency of their respective organizations and subordinates?
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Subordinate leaders; NCO's
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Who are the primary trainers of enlisted Soldiers, crews and small teams?
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Noncommissioned officers
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What do leaders need to establish and enforce to ensure their organizations meet mission requirements?
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Standards
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What fundamentals must units at every echelon master in order to accomplish their missions?
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Basic soldiering, the Warrior Tasks, battle drills, marksmanship, fitness and MOS proficiencies
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What leaders attribute results from training under complex, changing conditions, with minimal information available to make decisions?
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Adaptability
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Which training principle prepares units and individuals to be resilient?
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Train to Sustain
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What are the seven principles of leader development?
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Lead by example; Develop subordinate leaders; Create a learning environment for subordinate leaders; Train leaders in the art and science of mission command; Train to develop adaptive leaders; Train leaders to think critically and creatively; Train your leaders to know their subordinates and their families.
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What should all leaders know about their subordinates?
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Strength, weaknesses and capabilities
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What is the primary focus of a unit when not deployed?
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Training
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What is the purpose of unit training?
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The purpose of unit training is to build and maintain ready units to conduct unified land operations for combatant commanders.
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What is the definition of a METL?
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METL is the doctrinal framework of fundamental tasks for which the unit was designed.
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What does METL stand for?
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Mission Essential Task List
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What is the goal of METL proficiency?
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The goal of METL proficiency is to enable the unit to adapt to unexpected situations during mission execution
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What type of approach do unit training plans use that progressively and systematically builds on successful task performance before progressing to more complex tasks?
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Crawl-Walk-Run approach
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What do subordinates provide in order to enable the Commander to assess the readiness of a mission-essential task?
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After Actions Review (AAR)
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Loyalty
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Bear true faith and allegiance to the U.S. Constitution, the Army, your unit and other Soldiers. Bearing true faith and allegiance is a matter of believing in and devoting yourself to something or someone. A loyal Soldier is one who supports the leadership and stands up for fellow Soldiers. By wearing the uniform of the U.S. Army you are expressing your loyalty. And by doing your share, you show your loyalty to your unit.
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DUTY
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Fulfill your obligations. Doing your duty means more than carrying out your assigned tasks. Duty means being able to accomplish tasks as part of a team. The work of the U.S. Army is a complex combination of missions, tasks and responsibilities—all in constant motion. Our work entails building one assignment onto another. You fulfill your obligations as a part of your unit every time you resist the temptation to take “shortcuts” that might undermine the integrity of the final product.
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RESPECT
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Treat people as they should be treated. In the Soldier’s Code, we pledge to “treat others with dignity and respect while expecting others to do the same.” Respect is what allows us to appreciate the best in other people. Respect is trusting that all people have done their jobs and fulfilled their duty. And self-respect is a vital ingredient with the Army value of respect, which results from knowing you have put forth your best effort. The Army is one team and each of us has something to contribute.
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SELFLESS SERVICE
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Put the welfare of the Nation, the Army and your subordinates before your own. Selfless service is larger than just one person. In serving your country, you are doing your duty loyally without thought of recognition or gain. The basic building block of selfless service is the commitment of each team member to go a little further, endure a little longer, and look a little closer to see how he or she can add to the effort.
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HONOR
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Live up to Army values. The Nation’s highest military award is The Medal of Honor. This award goes to Soldiers who make honor a matter of daily living—Soldiers who develop the habit of being honorable, and solidify that habit with every value choice they make. Honor is a matter of carrying out, acting, and living the values of respect, duty, loyalty, selfless service, integrity and personal courage in everything you do.
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INTEGRITY
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Do what’s right, legally and morally. Integrity is a quality you develop by adhering to moral principles. It requires that you do and say nothing that deceives others. As your integrity grows, so does the trust others place in you. The more choices you make based on integrity, the more this highly prized value will affect your relationships with family and friends, and, finally, the fundamental acceptance of yourself.
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PERSONAL COURAGE
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Face fear, danger or adversity (physical or moral). Personal courage has long been associated with our Army. With physical courage, it is a matter of enduring physical duress and at times risking personal safety. Facing moral fear or adversity may be a long, slow process of continuing forward on the right path, especially if taking those actions is not popular with others. You can build your personal courage by daily standing up for and acting upon the things that you know are honorable.
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General Order No. 1
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“I will guard everything within the limits of my post and quit my post only when properly relieved.”
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General Order No. 2
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“I will obey my special orders and perform all my duties in a military manner.”
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General Order No. 3
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“I will report violations of my special orders, emergencies and anything not covered in my instructions to the commander of the relief.”
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