Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the 2 ANS divisions? |
The sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division |
|
|
What is the sympathetic division? |
Response to emergencies and the need for energy expenditure Promotes flight or fight |
|
|
What is the parasympathetic division? |
Restoration and conservation of body energy Rest and digest |
|
|
What is a dual innervation? |
Organs that receive impulses from both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers are said to have dual innervation |
|
|
Response to sympathetic response |
Heart rate and blood pressure increase Blood flow- increase to cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, liver & adipose tissue decrease to kidneys and GI tract Airways- dilate mucus decreases Eyes- pupils dilate GI muscle- motility decreases Adrenaline released Increased blood glucose levels |
|
|
Adrenoreceptor location: a1 |
Vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels Dilation of pupils |
|
|
a2 |
Aggregation of platelets Contraction of smooth muscle |
|
|
B1 |
Increased heart rate Increased contractility of heart |
|
|
B2 |
Relaxation of uterus Glycogenolysis Dilation of bronchial smooth muscle |
|
|
Adrenergic receptors are activated by? |
noradrenaline and adrenaline |
|
|
Noradrenaline and adrenaline bind with |
Alpha AND beta receptors |
|
|
What are adrenergic drugs? |
Produce effects similar to those produced by the sympathetic nervous system |
|
|
Most body tissues have both what? |
Alpha and Beta receptors |
|
|
The effect produced by the adrenergic drug depends on what? |
On the type of receptor activated and by the number of affected receptors in the tissue |
|
|
What is an agonist? |
Is a substance that binds to and activates a receptor |
|
|
What is an antagonist? |
Is a substance that binds to and blocks a receptor thereby preventing a natural neurotransmitter or hormone from having an effect |
|
|
What is a sympathomimetic drug? 2 Examples |
Mimics the effects of stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system Adrenaline and noradrenaline |
|
|
What is sympatholytic drugs? 1 Example |
Compete at receptor sites to inhibit adrenergic sympathetic stimulation Beta Blockers |
|
|
Adrenoreceptor agonists mimic the effect of sympathetic stimulation, name some ways how |
Adrenaline (a and B receptors) Increased cardiac contractility Increased heart rate Increased blood pressure Bronchodilation Noradrenaline (a receptors) Increased blood pressure Salbutamol (B2 receptors) Bronchodilation |
|
|
Name 5 indications for beta blocker use |
Hypertension Angina Post MI Heart failure Arrhythmias |
|
|
Response to parasympathetic response |
Results in rest and digest response SLUDD decrease HR decrease airway diameter decrease pupil diameter |
|
|
Cholinergic neurons release what? |
acetylcholine |
|
|
Acetylcholine binds with both what? |
Nicotinic receptors AND muscarinic receptors |
|
|
Cholinergic receptor location: Muscarinic |
Effectors innervated by parasympathetic nerves Sweat glands Skeletal muscle blood vessels |
|
|
Nicotinic |
Plasma membrane of chromaffin cells of adrenal medullae Neuromuscular end plates of skeletal muscles |
|
|
Drugs acting at muscarinic receptors: Muscarinic agonists |
Parasympathomimetics or cholinergics Very few in clinical use |
|
|
Muscarinic receptor antagonists |
Anticholinergic drugs Several different indications for use: During surgery and in palliative care to inhibit bronchial secretions e.g. atropine To reduce intestinal spasmIn Parkinson’s disease To prevent motion sickness e.g. hyoscine To dilate the pupil in opthalmological examination e.g. Pilocarpine eye drops For brochodilation e.g. Ipratropium |
