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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adrenergic sub-type receptor that is targeted in BPH therapy.
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alpha-1
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Primary result of alpha-1 adrenergic activation.
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Vascular smooth muscle constriction.
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Mechanism by which alpha 1 adrenergic activation leads to vasoconstriction.
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Increased intracellular calcium from the activation of PLC leading to increased IP3 and DAG.
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Primary result of alpha-2 adrenergic activation.
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Inihibition of relase of neurotransmitters from adrenergic and cholinergic neurons.
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Mechanism by which alpha 2 adrenergic activation leads to inhibition of adrenergic and cholinergic neurons.
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Decreased cAMP from the inihibition of adenylyl cyclase.
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Primary result of beta-1 adrenergic activation.
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Increased rate and contractility of heart muscle.
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Order of preferred substrate for beta-adrenergic activation.
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Isoproterenol > Epi > NE
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Mechanism of action by which beta-1 adrenergic activation leads to increased rate and contractility of heart muscle.
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Increased cAMP from adenylyl cyclase activation. (Increased phosphorylation of calcium channels in the sarcolemma nd phosphlambin in th sarcoplasmic reticulum.)
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"Mechanism of action by which beta-2 adrenergic activation leads to relaxation of vascular, respiratory, and uterine tissue."
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"Increased cAMP and activation of PKA leads to phosphorylation of myosin light chain kinase, reducing its affinity for calmodulin."
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Primary result of beta-2 adrenergic activation.
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"Relaxation of smooth muscle of respiratory, vascular, and uterine tissue."
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Effect of beta-2 adrenergic activation on glucose control.
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Increased glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis by the liver.
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beta-3 adrenergic receptor
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Adrenergic receptor responsible for increased lipolysis.
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Primary result of D1 activation in the viscera.
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Vasodilation of renal vessels.
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Mechanism of action of D1 activation leading to vasodilation of renal vessels.
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Activation of adenylyl cyclase leading to increased cAMP.
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Differential effects of epinephrine dosing.
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Alpha agonist at high doses and beta agonist at low doses.
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Effects of low dose epinephrine.
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"Bronchodilation, increased heart rate, increased contractility."
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Effects of high dose epinephrine.
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Vasoconstriction leading to an increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
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Reason for injecting epinephrine when administering local anesthetics.
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Promotes localized vasoconstriction increasing the local concentration of anesthetic.
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Norepinephrine use in emergency treatment
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A pressor used in conditions of severe hypotension and shock.
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Why does heart rate typically not change with the administration of norephrine?
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The rise in blood pressure due to alpha-1 agonism leads to a reflex bradycardia which negates the beta-1 chronotropic effects.
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Reason for not using norepinephrine in emergency treatment for severe hypotension.
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Decreases renal blood flow and flow to other vital organs. (Queen NOoR save lives but is tense.)
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Alternative to norepinephrine for alpha-1 vasoconstriction that spares renal blood flow.
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Dopamine (So DOPe it makes me piss my pants.)
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Mechanism by which dopamine mitigates hypotension while sparing renal blood flow.
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At low doses dopamine increases cardiac output through adrenergic beta 1 receptors and at even lower doses it increases renal and splanchnic blood flow through D1 receptors.
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A beta-1 receptor agonist that increases cardiac output and can be useful in decompensated congestive heart failure (but may lead to peripheral vasodilation).
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Dobutamine (DOh! Homer's a BUTthead and FAILURE with a big HEART.)
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"A drug that stimulates the release of NE and epinephrine from neurons leading to bronchodilation, increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and CNS stimulation."
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Ephedrine
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A drug that stimulates the release of NE and epinephrine and is used as a nasal decongestion and in the treatment of stress incontinence in women.
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Ephedrine (Stop the F(Eph)low. Stop the Phlow by releasing the adrenergics.)
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"A drug that enters the CNS and stimulates the release of NE, DA, and epinephrine form neurons."
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Amphetamine (AMP up all the catecholamines.)
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A derivative of amphetamine that is used to treat narcolepsy and ADHD in children.
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Methylphenidate (Kids with ADHD become adults with METH PHrENs.)
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"Blocks NE, 5-HT, and DA reuptake leading to euphoria and vasoconstriction with the potential for cardiac ischemia."
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Cocaine
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"Inhibits the neuron's ability to store NE, DA, and 5-HT; uses as an anti-hypertensive was discontinued due to its tendency to cause depression and even parkinsonism."
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Reserpine (RESTerpine--can't move due to mental and physical fatigue).
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Inhibits norepineprhine release from sympathetic neurons; use as an anti-hypertensive has been curtailed due to its tendency to cause orthostatic hypotension leading to shock.
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Guanethidine (This is guano because it makes me faint when I stand up in the cave.)
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An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that is used to treat nasal congestion and can also be used IV to treat severe hypotension and shock (as well as produce mydriasis for a retinal exam).
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Phenylephrine
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An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used to treat hepatorenal syndrome and orthostatic hypotension.
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Midodrine (Helps the MID-gut)
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"An alpha-2 agonist that acts in the vasomotor centers of the medulla to decrease vasoconstriction, cardiac output, and heart rate while preserving renal blood flow."
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Clonidine
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An alpha-2 agonist that can result in rebound hypertension if withdrawn quickly.
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Clonidine (Clingidine--pt's get clingy if you take there alpha-2 agonist away)
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A beta agonist that increases heart rate and contractility while producing peripheral vasodilation and bronchodilation.
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Isoproterenol
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A beta agonist that is used to treat torsades de pointes in conjunction with magnesium.
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Isoproterenol My PRO heart is BETA tested and ISO 9000 compliant)
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A D1 agonist that is used to induce splanchnic and renal vasodilation for the treatement of severe hyper tension.
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Fenoldopam
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A beta-2 receptor agonist that is used in exercise induced asthma to produce bronchodilation and can also be used at high doses to treat hyperkalemia due to the potassium shift that occurs with beta-2 receptor agonism.
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Albuterol
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"Drugs that are similar to albuterol (P,B)."
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"Pirbuterol, bitolterol (PB causes a bit of anaphylaxis)"
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A drug that is similar to albuterol but is used in prevention of ashtmatic attacks due to its long-acting beta-2 agonism.
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Salmeterol (Salman-Rushdie eternity)
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"Two drugs that act as beta-2 agonists that find use in reducing uterine contractions during preterm labor (R,T)."
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"Terbutaline, ritodrine (TERbeek gets stressed and exercises her RIT to refuse to deliver babies.)"
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A beta-2 agonist that can be used to treat bronchospasm during status asthmaticus.
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Terbutaline (TERbeek will treat the asthmatic but not the pregnant.)
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An alpha-2 agonist that is a first line anti-hypertensive for pregnancy which works by decreasing central adrenergic activity (autoreceptors) and preserves renal bloodflow.
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Methyldopa (Get pregnant women off the METH and DOPE.)
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An irreversible alpha-antagonist that is given prior to surgical resection for pheochromocytoma (or for treatment of nonresectable cases) to prevent hypertensive crisis.
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Phenoxybenzamine (OXY man was HYPER tensive/cocaine OD.)
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A reversible alpha-antagonist that is used to diagnose pheochromocytoma.
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Phentolamine
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A selective alpha-1 antagonist that is used in the treatment of BPH which works by decreasing prostatic and blader neck contraction (can also be used to treat hypertension).
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Prazosin
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"Drugs that are similar to prazosin (T, T, A, D)"
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"Terazosin (for hypertensive BPH), Tamusulosin (for normotensive), Alfuzosin, Doxazosin"
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"A drug that can be used in the treatment for hypertension that is known for producing ""first-dose"" syncope."
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Prazosin
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A non-selective beta adrenergic antagonist that is used to treat hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders that would benefit from a decrease in chronotropy and inotropy.
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Propanolol
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What are two prominent side effects of propanolol?
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Bronchoconstriction and fasting hypoglycemia (beta-2 antagonism)
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A non-selective beta adrenergic antagonist that is used as an opthlamic solution to decrease aqueous humor secretion in wide-angle glaucoma.
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Timolol
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A partial non-selective beta-receptor agonist that is used to treat hypertension and bradycardia.
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Pindolol
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Beta blockers with alpha-receptor antagonism that are used to treat heart failure (by reducing afterload through the inhibition of sympathetic renin secretion and vasodilation) that can also prevent refractory hypertension.
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Carvedilol and labetalol
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"A common selective beta-1 antagonist that is used in the treatment of hypertension and coronary artery disases, especially in patients with diabetes."
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Metoprolol
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A selective beta-1 antagonist that is used in the treatment of wide-angle gluacoma by reducing aqueous humor production.
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Betaxolol
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"A short acting beta-1 antagonist given by IV to treat critically ill patients with arrhytmias, hypertension, and myocardial ischemia."
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Esmolol
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A partial selective beta-1 agonist that is used to treat patients with hypertension and bradycardia.
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Acebutolol
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Beta-1 selective drugs.
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"Metoprolol, atenolol, esmolol, acebutolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol"
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