Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
normal granular, basophilic cytoplasm of the ACTH producing cells inthe anterior pituitary is replaced by homogenous, lightly basophilic material
accumulation of intermediate keratin filaments in the cytoplasm |
Crooke hyaline change
|
|
|
Crooke hyaline change
cortical atrophy, diffuse hyperplasia, nodular hyperplasia, or an adenoma supression of the endogenous ACTH results in bilateral cortical atrophy due to lack of stimulation of zonae faciculata (exogenous); or adrenals are either hyperplastic or contain cortical neoplasm (endogenous) elevated ACTh |
Cushing syndrome
|
|
|
adrenal cortex is diffusely thickened adn yellow due to increase in size and number of lipid rich cells in zona fasciculata adn reticularis
|
diffuse hyperplasia
|
|
|
Bilateral yellow nodules scattered throughout the cortex, separated by intervening widened cortex
|
nodular hyperplasia
|
|
|
yellow tumors surrounded by thin or well developed casule and weighing less than 30 gm
|
adrenal adenoma
|
|
|
larger tumors presenting as unencapsulated masses
contralateral adreal gland is atrophic |
Adrenal carcinoma
|
|
|
Central adipose deposition, truncal obesity, moon facies, accumulation of fat in posterior back/neck
selective atrophy fast-twitch myofiberss; decreased muscle mass, proximal limb weakness secondary diabetes skin is thin, fragile, easily bruised |
Cushing's
|
|
|
solitary, small, well circumscribed lesion more often found on left and in women
bright yellow on cut section; composed of lipid laden cortical cells that closely resemble fasciculata no evidence of anaplasia eosinophilic laminated cytoplasmic inclusions (spironolactone bodies) after treatment |
aldosterone producing adenoma
|
|
|
Diffuse and focal hyperplasia of cells resembling those of normal zona glomerulosa
wedge-shape |
bilateral idiopathic hyperplasia
|
|
|
hypertension, hypokalema
neuromuscular manifestations; expanded ECF |
primary hyperaldosteronism
|
|
|
adrenals are bilaterally hyperplastic, sometimes expanding to 10-15 times normal
sustained elevation of ACTH adrenal cortex is thickened and nodular; brown due to lipid depletion Hyperplasia of corticotrophs |
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
|
|
|
Excessive androgen activity that causes signs of masculinization in females
clitoral hypertrophy, pseudohermaphrodism, oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, acne enlarged male genetalia, precocious puberty, oligospermia |
CAH/21 hydroxylase deficiency
|
|
|
overwhelming bacterial infection (N. meningitidis)
rapidly, progressive hypotension leading to shock DIC with widespread purpura massive bilateral adrenal hemorrhage/insufficiency |
Waterhous Friderichsen syndrome
|
|
|
Irregularly shrunken glands
scattered residual cortical cells in a collapsed network of connective tissue variable lymphoid infiltrate |
Primary autoimmune adrenalitis
|
|
|
adrenal architecture effaced by a granulomatous inflammatory reaction identical to that encountered in other infectino
|
tuberculous/fungal disease
|
|
|
adrenals are enlarged; normal architecture obscured by infiltrating neoplasm
|
metastatic carcinoma
|
|
|
progressive weakness and easy fatigueability
GI disturbances hyperpigmentation of the skin hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, volume depletion, hypotension; hypoglycemia occasionally |
addison's disease
|
|
|
adrenals may be moderately to markedly reduced in size
small flattened structures that usually retain yellow color cortex may be reduced to a thin ribbon composed largely of zona granulosa |
secondary hypoadrenalism
|
|
|
tumor that is usually silent and encountered incidentally
well circumscribed, nodular lesion up to 2.5 cm in diameter that expand the adrenal yellow to yellow brown; small neuclei, some degree of pleomorphism may be encountered; eosinophilic to vacuolated |
adrenocortical adenoma
|
|
|
ree neoplasm that can occur at any age
often associated with virilism large, invasive legion that efface the native gland variegated, poorly demarcated lesions containing areas of necrosis, hemorrhage, cystic change |
adrenocortical carcinoma
|
|
|
usually benign lesions composed of mature fat and hematopoietic cells
|
adrenal myololipomas
|
|
|
masses in asymptomatic individuals or individuals whom presenting complaint is not directly related to adrenal gland
|
incidentaloma
|
|
|
small circumscribed lesions to large hemorhagic masses
large tumors well demarcated by connective tissue or compressed cortical or medullary tissue; richly vascularized trabiculae yellow-tan; larger are hemorrhagic, necrotic, and cystic polygonal to spindle shaped chromaffin cells or chief cells clustered with sustentacular cells into small nests or alveoli finely granular cytoplasm; salt and pepper chromatin peripheral sustentacular cells label with S-100 |
pheochromocytoma
|
|
|
hypertension, tachycardia, palpitations, headache, sweating, tremor, sense of apprehension
sudden release of catecholamines may precipitate CHF, pulmonary edema, MI, Vfib, cerebrovascular accindents |
pheochromocytoma
|
|
|
rare heritable disorder
abnormalities of the parathyroid, pancreas, pituitary glands overproduction of peptide hormones |
MEN 1/Wermer syndrome
|
|
|
pheochromocytoma, medullary carcinoma, parathyroid hyperplasia
linked to RET protooncogene on 10q11.2; gain of function |
MEN 2A/ sipple syndrome
|
|
|
medullary thyroid carcinomas more aggressive than MEN 2A
no primary hyperthyroidism neruomas of skin, oral mucosa, eyse, RT, GI Marfanoid habitus |
MEN 2B
|
|
|
variant of MEN 2A with strong predisposition to thyroid cancer but not other manifestations
development at earlier age |
Familial medullary thryoid cancer
|
|
|
pineal tumor most frequent in first two decades of life
soft, friable, gray masses punctuated with areas of hemorrhage and necrosis masses of pleomorphic cells 2-4 x the diameter of RBC spread via CSF; may cause hydrocephalus |
pineoblastoma
|
|
|
pineal tumor occuring mostly in adults; slower growing
well circumscribed, gray, or hemorrhagic masses that compress but don't infiltrate pineocytes with darkly staining round-to-oval fairly regular nuclei immunoreactivity to neuro specific enolase adn synaptophysin pineocytomatous pseudorosettes; lobular growth pattern |
pineocytoma
|
