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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the arterial supply to the adrenal glands?
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Each adrenal gland is supplied by three arteries: renal, aorta, inferior phrenic
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What is the venous drainage of the adrenal glands?
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The right adrenal gland drains directly into the IVC. The left adrenal gland drains via the left renal vein.
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What are the two parts of the adrenal glands?
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Two parts of the adrenal gland:
1. Cortex 2. Medulla |
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What are the three divisions of the adrenal cortex? Which steroid is produced in each division? What portion of the cortex is occupied by each division?
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Three divisions of the adrenal cortex:
Zona glomerulosa: aldosterone, 10-15% Zona fasciculata: cortisol, 75% Zona reticularis: dihydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA-sulfate, testosterone |
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Which substances are produced by the adrenal medulla?
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The adrenal medulla produces epinephrine and norepinephrine
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What is the innervation of the adrenal medulla?
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The preganglionic sympathetic fibers are derived from the greater splanchnic and celiac plexuses.
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Discuss the regulation of aldosterone.
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Aldosterone is regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis. Reduced renal afferent arteriole flow and low serum sodium are detected by cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus stimulating the release of reni from cells of the macula densa. Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, which is coverted by angiotensin II by angiotensin converting enzyme in the lung. Angiotensin II stimulates the release of aldosterone.
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How are epinephrone and norepinephrine metabolized by neuronal and non-neuronal cells?
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Neuronal cells convert the catecholamines to VMA using mono amine oxidase.
Non-neuronal cells convert the catecholamines to metanephrine and normetanephrine using catechol O-methyl transferase. |
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What is the mechanism of action of aldosterone?
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Aldosterone induces synthesis of Na+ channels in renal principal cells.
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All steroids are derived from ________. What is the first step in the conversion of this molecule?
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All steroids are derived from cholesterol. the first step is the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone using mitochondrial cholesterol desmolase/CYP 11A1.
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The presence of which key enzyme allows the zona fasciculata to make cortisol?
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17-alpha hydroxylase is the key enzyme that allows the zona fasciculata to produce cortisol.
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The presence of which key enzymes allows the zona reticularis to make sex hormones?
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17-alpha hydroxylase and 3-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase are the key enzymes that allows the zona reticularis to make sex hormones
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The catecholamines are derived from which amino acid?
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Catecholamines are derived from tyrosine.
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The presence of which key enzyme allows the zona glomerulosa to make aldosterone?
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Aldosterone synthase is the key enzyme that allows the zona fasciculata to produce aldosterone.
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