Adp's

Front 1

What is Joint Interdependence?

Back 1

A: All the Services working together. The Army, Navy, Air Force and Marines.

Front 2

Why did Military expeditions throughout history usually fail?

Back 2

A: Historically Military Expeditions failed because of disease and combat losses eroded their
combat power, or a lack of supplies prevented them from seizing opportunities

Front 3

What gives our Nation the ability to deploy large ground forces anywhere and employs them
indefinitely?

Back 3

A: U.S. Soldiers operating around the world today are the best supplied, best equipped, and
healthiest American troops in history

Front 4

The Army Corps of Engineers is required by law to do what?

Back 4

The Army Corps of Engineers is required to maintain the Nation’s rivers and waterways. The
corps also has the primary responsibility for safeguarding communities from floods

Front 5

How long has it been since Soldiers have faced a Threat from the Air?

Back 5

Because of America’s Air Superiority it has been over 60 years since Soldiers have faced an
Air Threat

Front 6

What is Joint Interdependence?

Back 6

All the Services working together. The Army, Navy, Air Force and Marines.
What is an Example of Joint Interdependence?

Front 7

What is an Example of Joint Interdependence?

Back 7

A Platoon leaders can call upon air, maritime, and space-based capabilities that would have
been considered science fiction by their World War II and Vietnam War counterparts

Front 8

What did President George Washington say 8 January 1790 during his First Annual Address to
Both Houses of Congress about “Preserving Peace”?

Back 8

A: President George Washington said, “To be prepared for war is one of the most effectual means
of preserving peace”

Front 9

What are the two things that the Army Must invests in to the demanding environment that
Soldiers and the Nation may face in the future?

Back 9

A: Training and Leader Development

Front 10

What is allowing us to “Win the Current Fight”?

Back 10

A: Soldiers continue to take the fight to our enemies and they take unprecedented measures
to protect noncombatants

Front 11

Currently the Army is undergoing “Reshaping” efforts, What is this Mission called and what is
the intent?

Back 11

A: The Mission is called “Joint Force 2020” and the intent is that the Army will remain flexible
and ready to meet the Nation’s requirements

Front 12

Where will the Army “Prioritize its assets”?

Back 12

A: The Army will prioritize it assets toward the Pacific region and Middle East and will reshape
the force to support the National Military Strategy

Front 13

Historically after every conflict our Nation has had, what has happened to the Military?

Back 13

A: The Military has been Drawn Down in Size as the defense priorities reshape the Army,

Front 14

What must we ensure that we do not do during Drawdowns?

Back 14

A: we need to avoid the historic pattern of drawing down too quickly and risk losing
leaders, skills, and capabilities

Front 15

The Army’s ability to expand rapidly depends on what four structural factors?

Back 15

A: 1. Maintaining a strong cadre of NonCommissioned and mid-grade officers to build the core of
new formations when needed; 2. Army special operations forces and incorporating them to work
as a team with our conventional forces; 3. The Army National Guard and Army Reserve; 4. The
Nation’s industrial base and their ability to research and development; designs, produces, and
maintains weapons systems; and provides components and parts and we would also need to
improve our acquisition process at every level throughout the Army

Front 16

What is Operational adaptability?

Back 16

A: the broad measure of the Army’s utility based on the recognition that while we can forecast,we cannot predict the next conflict, disaster, or humanitarian crisis

Front 17

What does Operational adaptability require?

Back 17

it requires land power that can adjust rapidly to prevent conflict, shape an operational
environment, and win the Nation’s wars and the Army to operate effectively across the range of
military operations while overcoming the psychological and moral challenges of land combat

Front 18

Operational adaptability requires land power that can do what?

Back 18

A: adjust rapidly to prevent conflict, be scalable and tailorable in order to shape an operational
environment, and win the Nation's wars

Front 19

For Operational Adaptability, what will the Army continue to support the Joint Force with?

Back 19

A: critical capabilities in space and intelligence collection, analysis, and synchronization of
landbased air and missile defenses for protecting key infrastructure and bases, and elite forces for
special operations, civil affairs, military police, engineers, and many other supporting capabilities

Front 20

What areas are being Changed because of Operartional Adaptability

Back 20

A: (DOTMLPF) Army doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and education,
personnel, and facilities

Front 21

What is meant by the Army having “Depth”?

Back 21

A: Depth in the Army means the Army has combat-ready Regular Army forces combined with an
ability to mobilize, deploy, and employ our Reserve Components

Front 22

What is meant by the Army having “Versatility”?

Back 22

A: Versatility means the Army has a diverse mix of capabilities, formations, and
equipment allows the Army to tailor forces to the needs of the combatant commanders

Front 23

What does it mean to have Adaptive and Innovative Leaders?

Back 23

A: Leaders accept that no predetermined solutions exist; each situation requires judgment and
discretion.

Front 24

Describe how the Army is Flexible

Back 24

A: The Army is Flexible in it’s ability to conduct different joint missions across a wide range of
operational environments against equally diverse

Front 25

Describe how the Army is Agile?

Back 25

A: The Army is Agile in tacticalness and the speed and effectiveness with which we transition
between tactical tasks as part of decisive action

Front 26

What is the Army’s Greatest Asset?

Back 26

A: The All-Volunteer Force

Front 27

What does the All-Volunteer Force Provide?

Back 27

A: depth, versatility, and unmatched experience to the joint force

Front 28

What type of Leader must the Army Retain?

Back 28

A: high-quality, combat experienced leaders so that they, in turn, train the next generation
of Army professionals

Front 29

What is Leadership?

Back 29

A: the process of influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation to
accomplish the mission and improve the organization

Front 30

Good Leaders have the ability to respond effectively to what?

Back 30

A: complexity and chaos, anticipate opportunities, and remain effective under stress

Front 31

How does the Army Shape Leaders?

Back 31

The Army Shapes Leaders through training and experience into expert practitioners and then
they add education, leader development, and most importantly, responsibility for themselves and
their teammates

Front 32

How do Leaders prepare subordinates?

Back 32

A: by empowering them to operate autonomously and by underwriting risk

Front 33

What are the things that Leaders must Do?

Back 33

A: learn, think, and adapt as well as communicate fully, honestly, and candidly up, down, and
laterally

Front 34

How is mission success realized by using Leaders?

Back 34

Great Leaders will balance risk with the opportunity to retain the initiative

Front 35

What is the percentage of Americans that Serve in the Military?

Back 35

less than one-half of one percent of Americans serves in the military, and only about half of
them are Soldiers

Front 36

What does Title 10, U.S. Code (USC) establish?

Back 36

It is the Law Established by Congress that establishes the basic structure of the Army made up
of one Regular Army and two Reserve Components: the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and
the Army National Guard of the United States

Front 37

When was “The American Continental Army” established?

Back 37

14 June 1775

Front 38

ADP 1 & ADRP 1

Back 38

The Army

Front 39

What does the uniform of the Army represent for Soldeirs?

Back 39

For Soldiers it means that they have become part of something far bigger than themselves, a
chance to serve their country and to change the world. It also means danger, long separations,
grinding fatigue, and stress.

Front 40

What is the Land Domain?

Back 40

it is the most complex of all combat domains and also where most countries are capable of
having a defense as some are unable to afford navies, air forces and other forms of defense.

Front 41

What is Unified Land Operations?

Back 41

It is the synchronization of our efforts between Joint Services, other government agencies,
other partner nations and other military forces from other partner nations

Front 42

What is the main goal for Unified Land Operations?

Back 42

To combine offensive tasks, defensive tasks, stability tasks, and defense support of civil
authorities (DSCA) in coordination with joint services, other government agencies, other partner
nations, and other military forces from partner nations.

Front 43

The Army’s Vision captures the three strategic roles of the Army what are they?

Back 43

Prevent, Shape and Win

Front 44

What is meant by the Army’s role to Prevent?

Back 44

It means that countries believe that our force is credible, unbeatable, rapidly deployable,
highly trained, well equipped and always ready to assist our allies and protect the U.S. interests

Front 45

What is meant by the Army’s role to Shape?

Back 45

The Army’s role to shape is to assist other nations to shape their own training and their
military strength to be able to defend themselves

Front 46

What is meant by the Army’s role to Win?

Back 46

We must be able to Attack and Defend successfully against enemy ground forces

Front 47

What U.S. Code governs the Army?

Back 47

A: Title 10 United States Code (USC)

Front 48

What gives the President the Authority as the Commander and Chief?

Back 48

A: The Constitution

Front 49

What is the Army’s Mission?

Back 49

to fight and win the Nation’s wars through prompt and sustained land combat, as part of the
joint force

Front 50

What are the 4 essential characteristics of our profession?

Back 50

military expertise, honorable service, esprit de corps, and stewardship

Front 51

What is Trust

Back 51

assured reliance on the character, ability, strength, or truth of someone or something

Front 52

Where is must Trust Always be maintained?

Back 52

between Soldiers; between Soldiers and their leaders; among Soldiers, their families, and the
Army; and between the Army and the Nation

Front 53

Why is “Trust between Soldiers” so Important?

Back 53

In battle, Soldiers primarily fight for one another, not just for their country or some ideal. They
entrust their lives to the Soldiers on their left and right, and focus on doing their duty in a way
that maintains the trust of their comrades

Front 54

What is the catalyst to developing the trust between Soldiers?

Back 54

The Army Values

Front 55

Does “Trust between Soldiers” accomplish missions nor generate high levels of unit
effectiveness?

Back 55

No, “Trust between Soldiers and their Leaders” allows this

Front 56

If Soldiers do not have “Trust between Soldiers and their Leaders” what can be the outcome?

Back 56

A: Soldiers will not follow orders except from fear of consequences

Front 57

What is the second critical aspect of trust?

Back 57

A: Trust between a superior and a subordinate

Front 58

What does trust at all levels of Leadership depend on?

Back 58

Candor

Front 59

What are the 7 Army Values?

Back 59

A: Loyalty; Duty; Respect; Selfless Service; Honor; Integrity; Personal Courage

Front 60

What is essential to preserving an all-volunteer force?

Back 60

The trust between the Army and our Soldiers’ families; confidence of the American Citizens

Front 61

What does the Army need to Provide to the Soldier and their Families?

Back 61

A: a quality of life commensurate with the Soldier’s service to the Nation

Front 62

How many Fields of Professional Knowledge are there?

Back 62

Four

Front 63

What are the Fields of Professional Knowledge?

Back 63

military-technical field; moral-ethical field; political-cultural field; leader development field

Front 64

Describe the military-technical field?

Back 64

encompasses the doctrine of how the Army applies landpower, including the integration and
adaptation of technology, the organization of units, and the planning and execution of military
operations

Front 65

Describe the moral-ethical field?

Back 65

describes how the Army applies its combat power according to law and the expectation of our
citizens

Front 66

Describe the moral-ethical field?

Back 66

describes how the Army applies its combat power according to law and the expectation of our
citizens

Front 67

Describe the political-cultural field?

Back 67

A: prescribes how personnel and units operate effectively across and outside the Army’s
institutional boundaries

Front 68

Describe the leader development field?

Back 68

A: good leaders are the qualitative multiplier on any battlefield, the most dynamic element of
combat power

Front 69

How does the Army impart Professional Knowledge?

Back 69

through training and education at both individual and unit levels

Front 70

What type of Culture does Mission Command want to foster during training?

Back 70

a culture of trust, mutual understanding, and a willingness to learn from mistakes

Front 71

Army Training does more than develop technical expertise, it also encourages Army leaders to do
what

Back 71

exercise discretionary judgments without close supervision; this ability is critically important
because of the lethality of what we do

Front 72

What does Certification Measure?

Back 72

competence, character, and commitment

Front 73

What is Professional competence?

Back 73

their mastery of specific skills

Front 74

What is Professional commitment?

Back 74

it shows each individual’s willingness to put the requirements of the Army and Nation above
their personal goals

Front 75

How is Unit compliance with safety and personnel regulations measured?

Back 75

Through Inspections

Front 76

What are the two communities of practice the Army Profession recognizes?

Back 76

Profession of Arms and Army Civilian Corps

Front 77

What article of the Constitution requires that Every member of the Army profession—military or
civilian, officer or enlisted enlisted—“shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this
Constitution.”?

Back 77

Article VI

Front 78

What does Article VI of the Constitution require Every member of the Army profession—
military or civilian, officer or enlisted enlisted to do?

Back 78

shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution.”

Front 79

Why may the Enemy not respect international conventions and commit atrocities

Back 79

to provoke retaliation in kind from our Soldiers

Front 80

How is loss of discipline on the part of our Soldiers exploited by the Enemy?

Back 80

through propaganda and magnified through the media

Front 81

What must small-unit leaders do to prevent our Soldiers from retaliating in response to an
Enemy’s unethical acts?

Back 81

maintain discipline and ensure that the conduct of Soldiers remains within ethical and moral
boundaries

Front 82

What does ADP 1 Chapter 2-20 mean by mean by esprit de corps?

Back 82

respect for our history and tradition and committed to the highest standards of individual and
collective excellence

Front 83

How does the Army emphasize esprit de corps and tradition and history?

Back 83

through the practice of customs, traditions, and ceremonies

Front 84

How do Units and organizations preserve their unit histories and display them?

Back 84

with unit distinctive insignia (such as unit crests, patches, and mottos)

Front 85

What do these customs, traditions, ceremonies and symbols give us?

Back 85

a sense of commitment, identify the cause we serve, and unite us to those who have gone
before and sacrificed so much

Front 86

What is the hallmark of units with high esprit de corps?

Back 86

Discipline and pride

Front 87

What is Discipline?

Back 87

the behavior tempered by high standards of conduct and performance and reflects the selfcontrol
necessary in the face of temptation, obstacles, and adversity, and the fear to do the harder
right instead of the easier wrong

Front 88

What is Pride?

Back 88

recognition that obstacles, adversity, and fear can be mastered through discipline and
teamwork

Front 89

How do Discipline and Pride go together?

Back 89

with judgment, expertise, and experience to create military and civilian professionals

Front 90

What
does Esprit de corps say about a Soldier or unit

Back 90

high motivation, discipline, and morale

Front 91

What does a Soldier with esprit de corps have?

Back 91

A: pride, a sense of accomplishment in doing a good job or seeing a subordinate develop, and
shared values

Front 92

Landpower complementing air, maritime, and space-based power, and in turn the other Services
making the Army the preeminent ground force in the world this Joint interdependence is the
evolution of what?

Back 92

A: Combined Arms

Front 93

What is Joint Interdependence?

Back 93

the deliberate reliance of one armed service on the capabilities of another armed service

Front 94

What are the 4 primary missions of the Armed Forces that may require large numbers of ground
forces or the ready availability of large numbers of Soldiers?

Back 94

counter terrorism and irregular warfare; Stability and counterinsurgency operations; war; the
defense of our homeland and support of civil authorities

Front 95

What does assured access to cyberspace increase the Army’s ability to achieve

Back 95

the Army’s ability to enhance our combined arms performance and integrates it with joint
capabilities

Front 96

Does the Army consider Cyberspace as a Battleground?

Back 96

Yes; the intensity of cyber electromagnetic activities continues to multiply

Front 97

What do Space systems allow the Army to employ

Back 97

Space systems allow the Army to employ weapons systems rapidly, lethally and discreetly

Front 98

What are the Army’s two Core Competencies that are indispensable contributions to the joint
force?

Back 98

A: combined arms maneuver and wide area security

Front 99

How does Maneuver effect the Enemy?

Back 99

places the enemy at a physical disadvantage; the enemy is more vulnerable to our weapons
than Army forces are to the enemy’s; imposes a psychological disadvantage on the
enemy. Individual fear leads to a breakdown in unit cohesion

Front 100

What are some of the Combined Arms Maneuver tasks?

Back 100

offensive and defensive operations, security operations such a screen or guard mission,
reconnaissance missions, and special purpose tasks such as river crossings. Nothing the
Army does is as challenging as combined arms maneuver

Front 101

What is Wide area security

Back 101

the ability of landpower to secure and control populations, resources, and terrain within a joint
operational area

Front 102

What are Stability Operations?

Back 102

the tactical tasks that the Army conducts to improve conditions for noncombatants within
areas of operations outside the United States

Front 103

What are the Basic Tasks of Stability Operations?

Back 103

providing security, exercising control, and providing life-sustaining support such as food and
water

Front 104

What are the more Complex Tasks of Stability Operations?

Back 104

governance and economic development

Front 105

What is Force Tailoring

Back 105

the process of determining the right mix of forces and the sequence of their deployment in
support of a joint force commander

Front 106

ADP 1-02 & ADRP 1-02

Back 106

Operational Terms and Military Symbols

Front 107

What is one of the most important elements of military force’s ability to communicate when
conducting operations

Back 107

A: A common set of doctrinal terms and military symbols

Front 108

How do you give shorter and clearer orders that convey their information with greater speed and
less risk of misunderstandin

Back 108

By using Plain, Concise, and understandable language

Front 109

What is the Principle of Simplicity?

Back 109

increase the probability that plans and operations will be executed as intended by preparing
clear, uncomplicated plans and concise orders

Front 110

Where does the Army community develops a common language of terminology and symbology

Back 110

through standardized doctrine development processes

Front 111

What is Doctrine

Back 111

fundamental principles by which the military forces or elements thereof guide their actions in
support of national objectives

Front 112

What are the four Publication types that Doctrine will be introduced to the Army?

Back 112

Army doctrine publications (ADPs), Army doctrine reference publications (ADRPs), field
manuals (FMs), and Army techniques publications (ATPs)

Front 113

What is Joint Fires?

Back 113

A: fires delivered from two or more forces to produce a desired effect to
support a common objective

Front 114

Should terms and abbreviations be classified or unclassified?

Back 114

A: unclassified

Front 115

Who establishes policy for establishing doctrinal terms?

Back 115

tradoc

Front 116

What does TRADOC stand for?

Back 116

A: Training and Doctrine Command

Front 117

What is the definition of Communication?

Back 117

an exchange of meaning that is only complete when the intended meaning is understood
precisely by the intended audience

Front 118

What does the word “Repeat” mean?

Back 118

firing at the same target with the same ammunition for artillery and mortar fire

Front 119

What does the phrase “Say again” mean?

Back 119

it asks someone to repeat what he or she previously said

Front 120

What is an Adversary?

Back 120

a party acknowledged as potentially hostile to a friendly party and against which the use of
force may be Necessary or needed

Front 121

What is an Enemy Combatant?

Back 121

An individual engaged in hostilities against the United States or its coalition partners during an
armed conflict

Front 122

How are Acronyms formed?

Back 122

A: from the initial letters of a name or parts of a series of words

Front 123

What is a military symbol?

Back 123

a graphic representation of a unit, equipment, installation, activity, control measure, or tactical
task relevant to military operations that is used for planning or to represent the common
operational picture on a map, display, or overlay

Front 124

What is a common operational picture?

Back 124

a single display of relevant information within a commander’s area of interest tailored to the
user’s requirements and based on common data and information shared by more than one
command

Front 125

What are the two military symbol categories?

Back 125

framed and unframed

Front 126

What are framed military symbol categories

Back 126

unit, equipment, installation, and activity symbols

Front 127

What are unframed military symbol categories?

Back 127

control measure and tactical task mission symbols

Front 128

Army Publication explains how to build symbols using basic components?

Back 128

ADRP 1-02

Front 129

What does ADP 2-0 Cover?

Back 129

Intelligence

Front 130

What are hazards?

Back 130

conditions or natural phenomena able to damage or destroy life, vital resources, and
institutions, or prevent mission accomplishment.

Front 131

What is intelligence?

Back 131

the product resulting from the collection, processing, integration, evaluation, analysis, and
interpretation of available information concerning foreign nations, hostile or potentially hostile
forces or elements, or areas of actual or potential operations

Front 132

What is intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance?

Back 132

synchronizes and integrates the planning and operation of sensors, assets, and processing,
exploitation, and dissemination systems in direct support of current and future operations

Front 133

What does the intelligence warfighting function provide Commanders?

Back 133

provides the commander with intelligence to plan, prepare, execute, and assess operations

Front 134

What are the two most important aspects of intelligence?

Back 134

enabling mission command and providing support to commanders and decision makers

Front 135

How do Commanders provide guidance and continuous feedback throughout operations

Back 135

Providing direction; Stating clear, concise commander’s critical information requirements
(CCIRs); Synchronizing the intelligence warfighting function; Participating in planning;
Collaborating with the G-2/S-2 during the execution of operations

Front 136

What does the intelligence warfighting function allow a commander to understand?

Back 136

the enemy, terrain, and civil considerations

Front 137

For the purposes of intelligence the term “enemy” includes what?

Back 137

the entire range of threats

Front 138

For the purposes of intelligence, the term “terrain” also includes what?

Back 138

weather because it will have an impact on operations

Front 139

What is “Intelligence support to force generation”?

Back 139

the task of generating intelligence knowledge concerning an operational environment,
facilitating future intelligence operations, and tailoring the force

Front 140

What is “Intelligence support to situational understanding”?

Back 140

the task of providing information and intelligence to commanders to assist them in achieving a
clear understanding of the force’s current state with relation to the threat and other relevant
aspects of the operational environment

Front 141

What is “Conduct information collection”?

Back 141

A: the task that synchronizes and integrates the planning and employment of sensors and assets as
well as the processing, exploitation, and dissemination of systems in direct support of current and
future operations

Front 142

What is “Intelligence support to targeting and information capabilities”?

Back 142

the task of providing the commander information and intelligence support for targeting to
achieve lethal and nonlethal effects

Front 143

What is Information Collection?

Back 143

an activity that synchronizes and integrates the planning and employment of sensors and assets
as well as the processing, exploitation, and dissemination of systems in direct support of current
and future operations

Front 144

What should the G-2/S-2 and G-3/S-3 staffs work together on to collect, process, and analyze
information for the commander on?

Back 144

threats, terrain and weather, and civil considerations that affect operations

Front 145

What are shaping operations?

Back 145

A: Reconnaissance, surveillance, security operations, and intelligence operations

Front 146

What type of operation is a commander’s primary means to plan, organize and execute
information collection?

Back 146

Shaping Operations

Front 147

What is the “Intelligence Enterprise”?

Back 147

sum total of the intelligence efforts of the entire U.S. intelligence community

Front 148

What is the “Intelligence Warfighting Function”?

Back 148

A: the Army’s contribution to the intelligence enterprise

Front 149

What makes up the “Intelligence Enterprise”?

Back 149

all U.S. intelligence professionals, sensors, systems, federated organizations, information, and
processes supported by a network-enabled architecture

Front 150

What is the most important element of the Intelligence Enterprise?

Back 150

the people that make it work

Front 151

What will make the Intelligence Enterprise ineffective?

Back 151

if there is no collaboration between the different agencies

Front 152

What are the four primary means of collecting What are Fusion Centers?information?

Back 152

IA: ad hoc cells designed to enable lethal and nonlethal targeting, facilitate current or future
operations, and inform decisionmaking

Front 153

Who has the overall responsibility and management of the intelligence community?

Back 153

The Director of National Intelligence (DNI)

Front 154

What are the intelligence core competencies

Back 154

intelligence synchronization, intelligence operations, and intelligence analysis

Front 155

What must all military intelligence units and military intelligence Soldiers continuously train on
in order to maintain a high degree of proficiency?

Back 155

the intelligence core competencies

Front 156

What are the four primary means of collecting information?

Back 156

Intelligence operations, reconnaissance, surveillance, and security operations

Front 157

What is Intelligence Operations?

Back 157

the tasks undertaken by military intelligence units and Soldiers to obtain information to satisfy
validated requirements

Front 158

What is an Intelligence Analysis?

Back 158

the process by which collected information is evaluated and integrated with existing
information to facilitate intelligence production

Front 159

What is the purpose of the Intelligence Analysis?

Back 159

to describe the current—and attempt to proactively assess— threats, terrain and weather, and
civil considerations

Front 160

What are three aspects that enable effective staff support and intelligence analysis

Back 160

A: critical thinking; embracing ambiguity; collaboration

Front 161

What is critical thinking?

Back 161

disciplined and self-reflective, provides more holistic, logical, and unbiased analysis and
conclusions

Front 162

ADP 3-0 & ADRP 3-0

Back 162

Unified Land Operations

Front 163

What does Unified Land Operations describe?

Back 163

how the Army seizes, retains, and exploits the initiative to gain and maintain a position of
relative advantage in sustained land operations through simultaneous offensive, defensive, and
stability operations in order to prevent or deter conflict, prevail in war, and create the conditions
for favorable conflict resolution

Front 164

What is Unified Land Operations?

Back 164

the Army’s basic warfighting doctrine and is the Army’s contribution to unified action and is
an intellectual outgrowth of both previous operations doctrine and recent combat experience

Front 165

What is The United States Army?

Back 165

America’s sons and daughters, men and women of courage and character, and leaders of
consequence—bonded together in a profession of Arms—organized, trained, and equipped to be
the most decisive land force in the world

Front 166

Describe Army doctrine?

Back 166

a body of thought on how Army forces operate as an integral part of a joint force, Doctrine
acts as a guide to action rather than a set of fixed rules and also serves as the basis for decisions
about organization, training, leader development, materiel, Soldiers, and facilities and helps
partners understand how the Army will operate

Front 167

What do operational variables (PMESII-PT) consist of?

Back 167

political, military, economic, social, information, infrastructure, physical environment, time

Front 168

What is the Operational Environment?

Back 168

a composite of the conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the employment of
capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander

Front 169

Army leaders plan, prepare, execute, and assess operations by analyzing the operational
environment by using what variables?

Back 169

A: operational variables and mission variables

Front 170

What do mission variables ( METT-TC) consist of?

Back 170

A: mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available, civil
considerations (METT-TC)

Front 171

What does METT-TC stand for?

Back 171

mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available, civil
considerations

Front 172

What does PMESII-PT stand for?

Back 172

A: political, military, economic, social, information, infrastructure, physical environment, time

Front 173

What are the most likely security threats that Army forces will encounter?

Back 173

hybrid threats

Front 174

What are hybrid threats?

Back 174

the diverse and dynamic combination of regular forces, irregular forces, terrorist forces,
criminal elements, or a combination of these forces and elements all unified to achieve mutually
benefitting effects

Front 175

What are the two most challenging potential enemy threats that the U.S. faces?

Back 175

nonstate entity and a nuclear-capable nation-state partnered with one or more nonstate actors

Front 176

What is a nonstate enemy threat?

Back 176

entity possessing weapons of mass destruction or other unique methods to challenge U.S.
dominance by attacking public will

Front 177

What is a nuclear-capable nation-state?

Back 177

employ advanced information technology, conventional military forces armed with
modern equipment, and irregular forces at various levels of organization, training, and equipment

Front 178

What are the Army’s two core competencies?

Back 178

Combined Arms Maneuver and Wide Area Security

Front 179

What does the Army’s two core competencies enable Army forces to achieve?

Back 179

to defeat or destroy an enemy, seize or occupy key terrain, protect or secure critical assets and
populations, and revent the enemy from gaining a position of advantage

Front 180

What is the philosophy of mission command?

Back 180

the exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission orders to enable
disciplined initiative within the commander’s intent

Front 181

What is the foundation of Unified Land Operations built on?

Back 181

initiative, decisive action, and mission command

Front 182

How does the Army seize, retain and exploit the initiative?

Back 182

by striking the enemy, both lethally and nonlethally, in time, places, or manners for which the
enemy is not prepared

Front 183

What is seizing the initiative?

Back 183

setting and dictating the terms of action

Front 184

How does seizing the initiative affect the enemy?

Back 184

it degrades the enemy’s ability to function as a coherent force

Front 185

What must Leaders do to prevent an enemy’s recovery and retain the initiative?

Back 185

follow up with a series of actions that destroy enemy capabilities, seize decisive terrain,
protect populations and critical infrastructure, and degrade the coherence of the enemy force

Front 186

From an enemy point of view, what must U.S. operations be?

Back 186

rapid, unpredictable, and disorienting

Front 187

How do Army forces conduct decisive and sustainable land operations?

Back 187

through the simultaneous combination of offensive, defensive, and stability operations

Front 188

What are Offensive Operations?

Back 188

operations conducted to defeat and destroy enemy forces and seize terrain, resources, and
population centers

Front 189

What are the types of Offensive Operations?

Back 189

A: movement to contact, attack, exploitation, and pursuit

Front 190

What are Defensive Operations?

Back 190

operations conducted to defeat an enemy attack, gain time, economize forces, and develop
conditions favorable for offensive and stability tasks

Front 191

What are the types of Defensive Operations?

Back 191

mobile defense, area defense, and retrograde

Front 192

What are Stability Operations?

Back 192

military missions, tasks, and activities conducted outside the United States to maintain or
reestablish a safe and secure environment and to provide essential governmental services,
emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief

Front 193

What are the five tasks for Stability Operations?

Back 193

establish civil security, establish civil control, restore essential services, support to governance,
and support to economic and infrastructure development

Front 194

What are the two core competencies for the Army?

Back 194

Combined Arms Maneuver and Wide Area Security

Front 195

What is Combined Arms Maneuver?

Back 195

the application of the elements of combat power in unified action to defeat enemy ground
forces; to seize, occupy, and defend land areas; and to achieve physical, temporal, and
psychological advantages over the enemy to seize and exploit the initiative

Front 196

What is Wide Area Security?

Back 196

the application of the elements of combat power in unified action to protect populations, forces,
infrastructure, and activities; to deny the enemy positions of advantage; and to consolidate gains
in order to retain the initiative

Front 197

What is an “Operation”?

Back 197

a military action, consisting of two of more related tactical actions, designed to achieve a
strategic objective, in whole or in part

Front 198

What is a Tactical Action?

Back 198

battle or engagement, employing lethal or nonlethal actions, designed for a specific purpose
relative to the enemy, the terrain, friendly forces, or other entity

Front 199

What are the characteristics of an Army Operation?

Back 199

flexibility, integration, lethality, adaptability, depth, and synchronization

Front 200

What can Leaders achieve by demonstrating flexability

Back 200

tactical, operational, and strategic success

Front 201

ADP 3-05 & ADRP 3-05

Back 201

Special Operations

Front 202

What Personnel and units are considered Army Special Operations Forces

Back 202

Civil Affairs, Military Information Support operations, Rangers, Special Forces, Special
Mission Units, and Army special operations aviation forces assigned to the United States Army
Special Operations Command

Front 203

What are Special Operations?

Back 203

operations requiring unique modes of employment, tactical techniques, equipment, and
training often conducted in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments

Front 204

How are Special Operations usually characterized as?

Back 204

time sensitive, clandestine, low visibility, conducted with and/or through indigenous forces,
requiring regional expertise, and/or a high degree of risk

Front 205

What are the factors for employment of Special Operations forces?

Back 205

national policy, geographic combatant commander, joint force commander, or ambassador
requirements; the character of the operational environment; as well as the nature of the threat

Front 206

What is the percent that the Army’s Special Operations Forces supply to Department of Defense?

Back 206

over 50%

Front 207

What is the total percentage of Special Operations Forces in the Army?

Back 207

about 5%

Front 208

What are two Special Operations critical capabilities?

Back 208

Surgical strike and Special Warfare

Front 209

What does Surgical strike provide?

Back 209

a primarily unilateral, scalable direct action capability that is employed in counterterrorism,
counterproliferation, hostage rescue, kill/capture operations against designated targets, and other
specialized tasks of strategic importance

Front 210

What does Special Warfare provide?

Back 210

provides a capability that achieves impact largely by working with and through others to
assess and moderate behavior, address local conditions, and/or build indigenous warfighting
capability, typically in long-duration campaigns

Front 211

How is Special Warfare employed?

Back 211

A: unconventional warfare, counterinsurgency, foreign internal defense, security force assistance,
stability operations, and select intelligence activities such as preparation of the environment
Special Operations forces can provide a supporting role in major combat operations by providing

Front 212

what to the Joint Force Commander?

Back 212

means to identify and engage selected high-payoff targets or conduct sabotage, subversion,
influence, or intelligence activities in the enemy’s sanctuary, rear area, or homeland

Front 213

What functions can Special Operations Forces provide outside designated theaters of war?

Back 213

can shape potential operational environments by working with host nation or friendly
indigenous forces to assist with conflict avoidance or mitigation and set the conditions for the
rapid introduction of other U.S. or allied forces

Front 214

What are the three lines of effort that guide the development and employment of Special
Operations?

Back 214

generating a force with a purpose, sustained engagement, and executing operations across the
spectrum of lethality and influence in support of U.S. interests and host nation objectives

Front 215

Why are Special Operations Forces frequently used in diplomatically sensitive missions?

Back 215

Because special operations can provide a discreet, precise, politically astute, and scalable
capability

Front 216

What are the Joint Operations Phases

Back 216

shape, deter, seize initiative, dominate, stabilize, enable civil authority

Front 217

Which Joint Operational Phases do Special Operational Forces focus on preventing conflict?

Back 217

A: Shape and Deter

Front 218

During Shape and Deter, what do Army Special Operations Forces focus on?

Back 218

A: the assessment, shaping, active deterrence, and influence activities

Front 219

What is Special Warfare?

Back 219

the execution of activities that involve a combination of lethal and nonlethal actions taken by a
specially trained and educated force that has a deep understanding of cultures and foreign
language, proficiency in small-unit tactics, and the ability to build and fight alongside indigenous
combat formations in a permissive, uncertain, or hostile environment

Front 220

What is Unconventional Warfare

Back 220

activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to coerce, disrupt, or
overthrow a government or occupying power by operating through or with an underground,
auxiliary, and guerrilla force in a denied area

Front 221

What is Foreign Internal Defense?

Back 221

participation by civilian and military agencies of a government in any of the action programs
taken by another government or other designated organization to free and protect its society from
subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and other threats to its security

Front 222

What is Surgical Strike?

Back 222

the execution of activities in a precise manner that employ special operations forces in hostile,
denied, or politically sensitive environments to seize, destroy, capture, exploit, recover or damage
designated targets, or influence threats

Front 223

What are some of the Activities included in a Surgical Strike?

Back 223

actions against critical operational or strategic targets; which include counterproliferation
actions, counterterrorism actions, and hostage rescue and recovery operations

Front 224

What are Counterproliferation Actions?

Back 224

actions that prevent the threat and/or use of weapons of mass destruction against the United
States, its forces, allies, and partners

Front 225

What are Counterterrorism actions?

Back 225

actions taken directly and indirectly against terrorist networks influence and render global and
regional environments inhospitable to terrorist networks

Front 226

What are Hostage rescue and recovery operations

Back 226

operations, which are sensitive crisis response
missions, include offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, preempt, and respond to terrorist
threats and incidents, including recapture of U.S. facilities, installations, and sensitive material

Front 227

What are Special Operations Core Principles?

Back 227

A: discreet, precise, and scalable operations

Front 228

What does ADP 3-07 Cover?

Back 228

A: Stability

Front 229

What are the 5 Stability Tasks?

Back 229

Security; Rule of Law; Humanitarian Assistance; Governance and Participation; Economic
Stabilization and Infrastructure

Front 230

What are the 5 End State Goals for Stability?

Back 230

Safe and Secure Environment; Established Rule of Law; Social Well Being;
Stable Governance; Sustainable Economy

Front 231

Stability Operations must be founded on what 4 Principles?

Back 231

Conflict Transformation; Unity of Effort; Legitimacy and Host Nation Ownership; Building
Partner capacity

Front 232

What is the Intent of Stability?

Back 232

to create a condition so the local populace regards the situation as legitimate, acceptable, and
predictable

Front 233

What are Factors that create Instability?

Back 233

decreased support for the government; increased support for anti-government elements;
undermining of the

Front 234

What is Stabilization?

Back 234

a process in which personnel identify and mitigate underlying sources of instability to
establish the conditions for long-term stability

Front 235

What are the 4 principles that lay the foundation for long-term stability?

Back 235

Conflict Transformation; Unity of Effort; Legitimacy and host-nation ownership; Building
Partner Capacity

Front 236

What is the Goal of Conflict transformation?

Back 236

focuses on converting the dynamics of conflict into processes for constructive, positive change

Front 237

What is Unity of Effort?

Back 237

the coordination and cooperation toward common objectives, even if the participants are
not necessarily part of the same command or organization—the product of successful unified
action

Front 238

What does using whole-of-government approach enable?

Back 238

achieving a balance of resources, capabilities, and activities that reinforces progress made by
one of the instruments of national power while fostering success among the others

Front 239

What is the Goal of A Comprehensive Approach

Back 239

to integrate the cooperative efforts of the departments and agencies of the USG, partners, and
private sector entities to achieve unity of effort toward a shared goal

Front 240

What is Legitimacy?

Back 240

a condition based upon the perception by specific audiences of the legality, morality, or
rightness of a set of actions, and of the propriety of the authority of the individuals
or organizations in taking them

Front 241

What are the 4 Factors for Successful Legitimacy?

Back 241

mandate, manner, consent, and expectation

Front 242

What is a Safe and Secure Environment?

Back 242

one in which the population has the freedom to pursue daily activities without fear of
politically motivated, persistent, or large-scale violence

Front 243

Why is a Safe and Secure Environment Important to Mission Success?

Back 243

it is essential for implementing the diplomatic, economic, and informational programs that
target the sources of conflict and instability

Front 244

What is Established Rule of Law?

Back 244

the condition in which all individuals and institutions, public and private, and the state itself
are accountable to the law

Front 245

What is Social Well Being?

Back 245

the condition in which the population believes its basic human needs are met and people
coexist peacefully

Front 246

What are Examples of Social Well Being?

Back 246

: equal access to and delivery of basic needs services (water, food, shelter, and health
services), primary and secondary education, the return or resettlement of those displaced by
violent conflict, and the restoration of social fabric and community life

Front 247

What is a Sustainable Economy?

Back 247

A: one in which the population can pursue opportunities for livelihoods within a predictable
system of economic governance bound by law

Front 248

During what Phase of Operations should Stability be used?

Back 248

Offense, Defense and Stability should be used simultaneously

Front 249

When would Stability task receive the most Focus?

Back 249

After achieving major combat objectives in major operations and campaigns; During a Post-
Conflict Environment

Front 250

What is the first thing that Commanders must do to prepare for Stability?

Back 250

identify these sources of instability, which if not addressed often lead to violence

Front 251

What does the Success of Stability Tasks Depend on to be successful?

Back 251

depends on military forces seizing, retaining, and exploiting the initiative to anticipate sources
of instability and acting positively in support of a comprehensive approach

Front 252

What is the Goal of Establishing Civil Security

Back 252

providing for the safety of the host nation and its population, including protection from
internal and external threats. Establishing civil security provides needed space for host-nation and
civil agencies and organizations to work toward sustained peace

Front 253

What is the purpose of Establishing civil control?

Back 253

it supports efforts to institute rule of law and stable, effective governance

Front 254

What is the Rule of Law sector?

Back 254

A: the domain of the police and other law enforcement agencies, courts, prosecution services, and
prisons

Front 255

When do basic functions of local governance generally stop?

Back 255

during conflict and other disasters

Front 256

What are signs of Economic Stress?

Back 256

rapid increases in inflation, uncontrolled escalation of public debt, and a general decline in the
host nation’s ability to provide for the well-being of its people

Front 257

What 4 things should Commanders and Staff do when Planning for Stability?

Back 257

Recognize complexity; Balance resources, capabilities, and activities; Recognize planning
horizons; Avoid planning pitfalls

Front 258

What are some Examples of a Decisive Point?

Back 258

Securing national borders; Repairing a vital water treatment facility; Obtaining the political
support from key tribal leaders for a transitional authority; Establishing a training academy for
national security forces

Front 259

What is Stability Mechanisms?

Back 259

the primary method through which friendly forces affect civilians in order to attain conditions
that support establishing a lasting, stable peace

Front 260

What are the 4 Defeat Mechanisms?

Back 260

destroy,dislocate, disintegrate, and isolate

Front 261

What is Assessment?

Back 261

the determination of the progress toward accomplishing a task, creating an effect, or achieving
an objective

Front 262

What are the 3 measuring tools to assist a Commander with Assessments?

Back 262

measures of performance, measures of effectiveness, and indicators

Front 263

What does Measure of Performance achieve?

Back 263

assess proper completion of assigned tasks

Front 264

What does Measure of Effectiveness achieve?

Back 264

What does Measure of Effectiveness achieve?

Front 265

What are Indicators?

Back 265

A: subordinate measures that provide insight into measures of effectiveness and measures of
performance

Front 266

What does District Stability Framework accomplish?

Back 266

assists planners in identifying and mitigating source of instability. Because of the uniqueness
of the stability environment, the interagency District Stability Framework was designed to
identify and mitigate source of instability

Front 267

ADP 3-09 & ADP 3-09

Back 267

Fires

Front 268

What is Fires

Back 268

the use of weapons systems to create specific lethal or nonlethal effects on a target

Front 269

What is the Fires Warfighting Function

Back 269

A: the related tasks and systems that provide collective and coordinated use of Army indirect fires,
AMD, and joint fires through the targeting process

Front 270

What are the tasks of the Fires warfighting function

Back 270

Deliver fires; Integrate all forms of Army, joint and multinational fires; Conduct targeting

Front 271

What are the Core competencies of Fires

Back 271

Air Defense Artillery and Field Artillery

Front 272

What are Critical Capabilities of Fires

Back 272

A: Target Acquisition, Target Discrimination and Target Engagement

Front 273

What are the Principles of Fires

Back 273

A: Precision, Scalable, Synchronized, Responsive and Networked

Front 274

What are the Characteristics of Fires?

Back 274

All Weather, Precision/Near Precision Fires, Mass Area Fires, Air and Space Integreation and
Inherently Joint

Front 275

How does Fires support the Offensive Task?

Back 275

attacking targets throughout the area of operations with massed or precision fires, mortars
offensive counterair, rotary and fixed wing air support, electronic attack and other joint fires
assets

Front 276

How does Fires support Stability Task?

Back 276

by saving lives, restoring essential services, maintaining and restoring civil order, and disaster
relief

Front 277

What is Air Defense Artillery?

Back 277

the defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles in the
atmosphere, or to nullify or reduce effectiveness of such attack either through surveillance actions
or active engagements of aerial threat

Front 278

What is Fire Support?

Back 278

fires that directly support land, maritime, amphibious, and special operations forces to engage
enemy forces, combat formations, and facilities in pursuit of tactical and operational objectives

Front 279

What is Joint Fire Support

Back 279

joint fires that assist air, land, maritime, and special operations forces to move, maneuver, and
control territory, populations, airspace, and key waters

Front 280

What is a Target?

Back 280

the process of selecting and prioritizing targets and matching the appropriate response to them,
considering operational requirements and capabilities

Front 281

What does ADP 3-37 cover?

Back 281

Protection

Front 282

What is Protection?

Back 282

the preservation of the effectiveness and survivability of mission-related military and
nonmilitary personnel, equipment, facilities, information, and infrastructure deployed or located
within or outside the boundaries of a given operational area

Front 283

What does Protection Achieve?

Back 283

preserves the combat power potential of the force by providing capabilities to identify and
prevent threats and hazards and to mitigate their effects

Front 284

Throughout the Operations Process, Protection must be considered to achieve what 3 things?

Back 284

Identify threats and hazards; Implement control measures to prevent or mitigate enemy or
adversary actions; Manage capabilities to mitigate the effects and time to react or maneuver on
the adversary to gain superiority and retain the initiative

Front 285

What are the 4 primary ways to preserve the joint force fighting potential?

Back 285

Active defensive measures to protect the joint force, its information, its bases/base camps,
critical infrastructure, and lines of communications from an enemy or adversary attack;
Passive defensive measures to make friendly forces, systems, and facilities difficult to locate,
strike, and destroy; The application of technology and procedures to reduce the risk of fratricide;
Emergency management and response to reduce the loss of personnel and capabilities due to
accidents, health threats, and natural disasters

Front 286

What are the 5 Protection Principles?

Back 286

Comprehensive, Integrated, Layered, Redundant and Enduring

Front 287

What is meant by the Principle Comprehensive?

Back 287

A: Protection is an all-inclusive utilization of complementary and reinforcing protection tasks
and systems available to commanders, incorporated into the plan, to preserve the force

Front 288

What is meant by the Principle Integrated

Back 288

Protection is integrated with other activities, systems, efforts, and capabilities associated
with unified land operations to provide strength and structure to the overall effort. Integration
must occur vertically and horizontally with unified action

Front 289

What is meant by the Principle Layered

Back 289

Protection capabilities are arranged using a layered approach to provide strength and depth.
Layering reduces the destructive effect of a threat or hazard through the dispersion of energy or
the culmination of the force

Front 290

What is meant by the Principle Redundant?

Back 290

Protection efforts are often redundant anywhere that a vulnerability or a critical point of failure
is identified. Redundancy ensures that specific activities, systems, efforts, and capabilities that are
critical for the success of the overall protection effort

Front 291

What is meant by the Principle Enduring

Back 291

Protection capabilities are ongoing activities for maintaining the objectives of preserving
combat power, populations, partners, essential equipment, resources, and critical infrastructure in
every phase of an operation

Front 292

What is the Protection Warfighting Function?

Back 292

the related tasks and systems that preserve the force so that commanders can apply maximum
combat power to accomplish the mission

Front 293

Name 5 of the 14 supporting tasks of the Protection Warfighting Function?

Back 293

onduct operational area security; Employ safety techniques (including fratricide avoidance);
Implement operations security; Provide intelligence support to protection; Implement physical
security procedures; Apply antiterrorism measures; Conduct law and order; Conduct survivability
operations; Provide force health protection; Conduct chemical, biological, radiological, and
nuclear operations; Provide explosive ordnance disposal and protection support; Coordinate air
and missile defense; Conduct

Front 294

What is the first step to effective Protection?

Back 294

Planning

Front 295

What are the keys to protection planning?

Back 295

identifying the threats and hazards, assessing the threats and hazards to determine the risks,
developing preventive measures, and integrating protection tasks into a comprehensive scheme of
protection that includes mitigating measures

Front 296

What are 5 of the 11 tasks of the Protection cell or Protection working group during planning?

Back 296

Establishes a protection working group; Conducts initial assessments; Develops a critical asset
list and a defended asset list; Integrates and layers protection tasks; Develops a scheme of
protection; Recommends protection priorities; Refines the running

Front 297

What are 5 of the 11 tasks of the Protection cell or Protection working group during preparation
of protection measures?

Back 297

Revises and refines the plan; Determines protection indicators and warnings for information
collection; Emplaces systems to detect threats to the critical assets; Directs operations
security measures; Prepares and improves survivability positions; Conducts liaison
and coordinates with adjacent and protected units; Rehearses; Trains with defended assets;
Reviews the personnel recovery readiness of subordinate units; Establishes personnel recovery
architecture; Implements vulnerability reduction measures

Front 298

How do Commanders maintain Protection?

Back 298

by applying comprehensive protection capabilities, from main and supporting efforts to
decisive and shaping operations. Protection can be derived as a by-product or a complementary
result of some combat operations (such as security operations), or it can be deliberately applied as
commanders integrate and synchronize tasks that comprise the protection warfighting function

Front 299

What is Assessment

Back 299

the determination of the progress toward accomplishing a task, creating a condition, or
achieving an objective

Front 300

Who develops running estimates?

Back 300

Who develops running estimates?

Front 301

What are running estimates?

Back 301

estimates that illustrate the significant aspects of a particular activity or function over time

Front 302

What do running estimates allow a Commander?

Back 302

they allow Commanders to maintain situational understanding and direct adjustments

Front 303

ADP 3-90 & ADRP 3-90

Back 303

Offense and Defense

Front 304

What is Tactics?

Back 304

is the employment and ordered arrangement of forces in relation to each other

Front 305

What do Tactical Operations always require?

Back 305

Tactical operations always require judgment and adaptation to the unique circumstances of a
specific situation

Front 306

What provides commanders with a set of tools to use in developing a solution to a tactical
problem?

Back 306

Tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP)

Front 307

What is the Tactical Level of War?

Back 307

Tactical Level of War is the level of war at which battles and engagements are planned and
executed to achieve military objectives assigned to tactical units or task forces

Front 308

What is an Engagement?

Back 308

An Engagement is a tactical conflict, usually between opposing, lower echelon maneuver
forces

Front 309

How long do Engagements usually last?

Back 309

They are usually short, executed in terms of minutes, hours, or days

Front 310

What is a Battle?

Back 310

Battle consists of a set of related engagements that lasts longer and involves larger forces
than an engagement

Front 311

Why must Commanders master the art of science and tactics

Back 311

to solve the problems that will face them on the battlefield

Front 312

What does the art of tactics require from a commander

Back 312

it requires exercising intuitive faculties that cannot be learned solely by study

Front 313

What does the Acronym METT-TC stand for?

Back 313

mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available, and civil
considerations

Front 314

9. What are the three interrelated aspects of the art of tactics

Back 314

the creative and flexible array of means to accomplish assigned missions, decision-making
under conditions of uncertainty when faced with a thinking and adaptive enemy, and
understanding the effects of combat on Soldiers

Front 315

Why must Commanders continue to change their Tactics?

Back 315

Because the enemy changes and adapts to friendly moves during the planning, preparation,
and execution of an operation, there is no guarantee that tactics which worked in one situation
will work again

Front 316

What does every Commander need to outwit a willing and able opponent

Back 316

a high degree of creativity and clarity of thought

Front 317

What makes Combat one of the most complex human activities?

Back 317

Because Combat is characterized by violent death, friction, uncertainty, and chance

Front 318

What is the science of tactics?

Back 318

The science of tactics encompasses the understanding of those military aspects of tactics—
capabilities, techniques, and procedures—that can be measured and codified

Front 319

What is a hasty operation

Back 319

an operation in which a commander directs immediately available forces, using fragmentary
orders, to perform activities with minimal preparation, trading planning and preparation time for
speed of execution

Front 320

What is a deliberate operation?

Back 320

an operation in which the tactical situation allows the development and coordination of
detailed plans, including multiple branches and sequels

Front 321

What does the Commander base the decision to conduct a hasty or deliberate operation
on?

Back 321

current knowledge of the situation and an assessment of whether the assets available (to
include time) and the means to coordinate and synchronize those assets are adequate to
accomplish the mission

Front 322

What are the two things inherent in tactical operations

Back 322

Uncertainty and risk

Front 323

What is a critical skill that a Commander must have?

Back 323

knowing when there is enough information to make a decision within the higher commander’s
intent and constraints is part of the art of tactics

Front 324

When can a Commander be less deliberate in planning and preparing for an operation?

Back 324

A: when facing a clearly less capable and less prepared enemy

Front 325

What are actions on contact?

Back 325

a series of combat actions, often conducted nearly simultaneously, taken on contact with the
enemy to develop the situation

Front 326

What is an important factor in reducing risk?

Back 326

how much intelligence is available about the enemy

Front 327

How can a Commander reduce risk associated with any situation?

Back 327

by increasing knowledge of the terrain and friendly, neutral, and enemy forces

Front 328

How does a Commander have a greater risk or making a poor decision?

Back 328

if that individual’s situational understanding is incomplete or faulty

Front 329

How can a Commander partially compensate for a lack of intelligence

Back 329

by being flexible in troop dispositions through an increase in the depth of the security area, the
size and number of security

Front 330

What is joint interdependence

Back 330

the purposeful reliance by one Service’s forces on another Service’s capabilities to maximize
the complementary and reinforcing effects of both

Front 331

What are the twelve principles of joint operations?

Back 331

Objective 2. Offensive 3. Mass 4. Maneuver 5. Economy of Force 6. Unity of Command 7.
Security 8. Surprise 9. Simplicity 10. Perserverance 11. Legitimacy 12. Restraint

Front 332

What are the eight Operational Variables?

Back 332

Political 2. Military 3. Economic 4. Social 5. Information 6. Infrastructure 7. Physical
Environment 8. Time

Front 333

What is Operational Variables?

Back 333

A: those aspects of the operational environment, both military and nonmilitary, that may differ
from one operational area to another and affect operations

Front 334

What are the six Mission Variables?

Back 334

Mission 2. Enemy 3. Terrain & Weather 4. Troops & support available 5. Time available 6.
Civil considerations

Front 335

What is critical during the military decision-making process

Back 335

analyzing Mission Variables

Front 336

What is critical during the military decision-making process?

Back 336

analyzing Mission Variables

Front 337

What are the 15 Basic Tactical Concepts?

Back 337

Area of Operations 2. Combined Arms 3. Concept of Operaitons 4. Decisive engagement 5.
Defeat in detail 6. Flanks 7. Maneuver 8. Operation 9. Operational frameworks 10. Piecemeal
Commitment 11. Reconstitution 12. Reserve 13. Rules of engagement 14. Tactical mobility 15.
Uncommitted forces

Front 338

What are the Army’s Tactical Echelons?

Back 338

the fire team or crew, through the squad, section, platoon, company, battalion, brigade, and
division

Front 339

What is Operational initiative?

Back 339

setting or dictating the terms of action throughout an operation

Front 340

How should Army Forces strike the Enemy?

Back 340

using offensive action in times, places, or manners for which the enemy is not prepared to
seize, retain, and exploit the operational initiative

Front 341

Defeating the Enemy will ultimately require what?

Back 341

our Forces being on the Offensive

Front 342

What is the main purpose of the offensive?

Back 342

to defeat, destroy, or neutralize the enemy force and to secure decisive terrain, to deprive the
enemy of resources, to gain

Front 343

What is the main feature of the offensive tasks?

Back 343

taking and maintaining the initiative

Front 344

What characterizes the conduct of offensive tasks?

Back 344

Audacity, concentration, surprise, and tempo

Front 345

What is the main focus of the commander for the offense?

Back 345

to expedite the outcome

Front 346

If a commander is in a difficult situation such as numerical inferiority, what could he do
to have a successful outcome?

Back 346

he should be bold and handle the situation audaciously

Front 347

What is Concentration?

Back 347

the ability to mass effects without massing large formations and is therefore essential for
achieving and exploiting success

Front 348

How do Commanders achieve Surprise?

Back 348

by striking the enemy at a time, place, or manner for which the enemy is not physically or
mentally ready and by varying the direction, boldness, means, and force of the attack

Front 349

How does Surprise effect the Enemy?

Back 349

Surprise delays enemy reactions, overloads and confuses enemy decisionmakers and command
and control systems, induces psychological shock in enemy soldiers and leaders, and reduces the
coherence of the enemy defense

Front 350

What are some things Commanders can do to gain surprise?

Back 350

Being unpredictable and using military deception, cunning, and guile also help to gain surprise

Front 351

What is Tempo?

Back 351

the rate of speed and rhythm of military operations over time with respect to the enemy

Front 352

What is essential for maintaining the initiative?

Back 352

controlling or altering that rate and Tempo

Front 353

What are the four primary offensive tasks?

Back 353

movement to contact, attack, exploitation and pursuit

Front 354

What is Attack?

Back 354

an offensive task that destroys or defeats enemy forces, seizes and secures terrain, or both

Front 355

What are some Attack types?

Back 355

ambush, counterattack, demonstration, spoiling attack, feint, and raid

Front 356

What is Maneuver?

Back 356

the employment of forces in the operational area through movement in combination with fires
to achieve a position of advantage in respect to the enemy

Front 357

What are the forms of Maneuver?

Back 357

envelopment, flank attack, frontal attack, infiltration, penetration, and turning movement

Front 358

What are the four major activities of the operations process?

Back 358

plan, prepare, execute and assess

Front 359

47. What are the three integrating processes

Back 359

intelligence preparation of the battlefield, targeting, and risk management

Front 360

What does Maneuver allow the Defender?

Back 360

Maneuver allows the defender to take full advantage of the area of operations and to mass and
concentrate when desirable

Front 361

What is the purpose of Security measures?

Back 361

to coordinate and synchronize the defense, to provide early warning, and to begin the process
of disrupting the integrity of the enemy attack as early as possible. Commanders must provide for
the protection of their forces

Front 362

What are the three basic Defensive Tasks?

Back 362

area defense, mobile defense, and retrograde

Front 363

What is Area Defense?

Back 363

Area Defense is the defensive task that concentrates on denying enemy forces access to
designated terrain for a specific time rather than destroying the enemy outright

Front 364

What is Mobile Defense?

Back 364

Mobile Defense is a defensive task that concentrates on the destruction or defeat of the enemy
through a decisive attack by a striking force

Front 365

What is Retrograde

Back 365

Retrograde is a defensive task that involves organized movement away from the enemy

Front 366

What are the three forms of Retrograde?

Back 366

The three forms of the retrograde are delay, withdrawal, and retirement

Front 367

What are the three forms of Defense?

Back 367

Defense of linear obstacle, Perimeter defense, Reverse slope defense

Front 368

What does ADP 5-0 cover?

Back 368

Operations Process

Front 369

What are the major mission command activities performed during operations

Back 369

Planning, preparing, executing, and assessing the operation

Front 370

9. How do Commanders express their Visualization

Back 370

Commander’s intent, planning guidance, critical information, requirements and essential
elements of friendly information

Front 371

How does a Commander show Leadership?

Back 371

A: By providing purpose, direction and motivation to Subordinate Commanders, Staff and
Soldiers

Front 372

35. What are the Troop Leading Procedures?

Back 372

receive the mission, issue the warning order, make a tentative plan, initiate movement, conduct
reconnaissance, complete the plan, issue the order, supervise and refine the plan

Front 373

What is the staff’s role in the operations process?

Back 373

understanding situations, making and implementing decisions, controlling operations, and
assessing progress

Front 374

What are operational variables?

Back 374

A;political, military, economic, social, information, infrastructure, physical environment, and
time.

Front 375

What are the three methodologies for planning?

Back 375

Army design methodology, military decision making process, and troop leading procedures

Front 376

what are the steps of MDMP?

Back 376

receipt of mission, mission analysis, coa development, coa analysis, coa comparison, coa
approval, orders production, dissemination, and transition

Front 377

How do you effectively plan?

Back 377

commanders focus planning, develop simple, flexible plans through mission orders, optimize
available planning time, continually refine the plan

Front 378

What does ADP 6-0 cover?

Back 378

Mission Command

Front 379

What is Mission Command

Back 379

Mission command is the exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission
orders to enable disciplined initiative within the commander’s intent to empower agile and
adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified land operations

Front 380

What is the exercise of mission command based on?

Back 380

Mission command is the exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission
orders to enable disciplined initiative within the commander’s intent to empower agile and
adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified land operations.

Front 381

What are the six principles of mission command?

Back 381

Build cohesive teams through mutual trust; Create shared understanding; Provide a
clear commander’s intent; Exercise disciplined initiative; Use mission orders; Accept prudent risk

Front 382

What is a commander’s intent?

Back 382

The commander’s intent is a clear and concise expression of the purpose of the operation
and the desired military end state that supports mission command, provides focus to the staff, and
helps subordinate and supporting commanders act to achieve the commander’s desired results
without further orders, even when the operation does not unfold as planned

Front 383

What is disciplined initiative?

Back 383

Disciplined initiative is action in the absence of orders, when existing orders no longer fit the
situation, or when unforeseen opportunities or threats arise

Front 384

Directives that emphasize to subordinates the results to be attained, not how they are to achieve
them, are known as what?

Back 384

A: Mission orders

Front 385

What is the creative and skillful exercise of authority through timely decision-making
and leadership called?

Back 385

Art of command

Front 386

What is authority?

Back 386

Authority is the delegated power to judge, act, or command

Front 387

What is control?

Back 387

Control is the regulation of forces and warfighting functions to accomplish the mission
in accordance with the commander’s intent.

Front 388

What does the “science of control” consist of?

Back 388

It consists of systems and procedures used to improve the commander’s understanding
and support accomplishing missions.

Front 389

What is a team?

Back 389

A team is a group of individuals or organizations that work together towards a common goal.

Front 390

What are the five additional tasks that reside within the mission command warfighting
function that are commander-led and staff supported?

Back 390

Conduct the operations process: plan, prepare, execute, and assess; Conductknowledge management and information management; Conduct inform and influence
activities; Conduct cyber electromagnetic activities

Front 391

How do staff members assist the commander?

Back 391

Staff assists the Commander in the details of planning, preparing, executing, and assessing
by conducting the operations process

Front 392

What is a mission command system?

Back 392

Mission Command System is the arrangement of personnel, networks, information systems,
processes and procedures, and facilities and equipment that enable commanders to
conduct operations.

Front 393

What is an information system?

Back 393

An information system consists of equipment that collects, processes, stores, displays,
and disseminates information.

Front 394

What are mission orders?

Back 394

Directives that emphasize to subordinates the results to be attained, not how they are
to achieve them.

Front 395

What is command?

Back 395

Command is the authority that a commander in the armed forces lawfully exercises
over subordinates by virtue of rank or assignment.

Front 396

What does ADP 6-22 cover?

Back 396

Army Leadership

Front 397

What is an Army Leader?

Back 397

An Army leader is anyone who by virtue of assumed role or assigned responsibility inspires
and influences people to accomplish organizational goals

Front 398

What is leadership

Back 398

Leadership is the process of influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and
motivation to accomplish the mission and improve the organization.

Front 399

What is toxic leadership?

Back 399

Toxic leadership is a combination of self-centered attitudes, motivations, and behaviors that
have adverse effects on subordinates, the organization, and mission performance

Front 400

What do Toxic Leaders consistently use dysfunctional behaviors to do?

Back 400

deceive, intimidate, coerce, or unfairly punish others to get what they want for themselves

Front 401

Can a Toxic Leader still achieve results?

Back 401

Yes, but only Short Term results where followers respond to the positional power of their
leader to fulfill requests

Front 402

Which Leader competency categories does a Toxic Leader ignore when getting short term
results?

Back 402

Leading and Developing Soldiers

Front 403

What will Toxic or Negative Leadership effect in Followers

Back 403

the followers’ will, initiative, and potential and destroys unit morale

Front 404

What are the two Characteristics of a Toxic Leader?

Back 404

operates with an inflated sense of self-worth and from acute self-interest

Front 405

What Value must a leader have to take the initiative to make something happen rather
than standing by or withdrawing and hoping events will turn out well

Back 405

A: Personal Courage

Front 406

What type of leader will learn from each decision and action; with guidance from superiors,
the leader will grow in confidence?

Back 406

A Self-Aware Leader

Front 407

What type of Leaders have the psychological and physical capacity to bounce back from life’s
stressors to thrive in an era of high operational tempo and persistent conflict?

Back 407

Resilient and fit leaders

Front 408

What is “Command”?

Back 408

the authority that a commander in the armed forces lawfully exercises over subordinates by
virtue of rank or assignment. Command includes the authority and responsibility for effectively
using available resources and for planning the employment of, organizing, directing, coordinating,
and controlling military forces for the accomplishment of assigned missions

Front 409

What is “Mission Command”?

Back 409

the exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission orders to
enable disciplined initiative within the commander’s intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders
in the conduct of unified land operations

Front 410

What Army Regulation specifically charges commanders to perform functions such as
establishing a positive climate,caring for the well-being of Soldiers, properly training their
Soldiers and developing subordinates’ competence?

Back 410

A: AR 600-20

Front 411

What is AR 600-20?

Back 411

A: Army Command Policy

Front 412

What are the three Levels of Leadership?

Back 412

Direct; Organizational; Strategic

Front 413

What is the Direct Level Leadership?

Back 413

A: ability to apply competencies at a proficient level

Front 414

What is the Organizational Level Leadership?

Back 414

competencies to increasingly complex situations

Front 415

What is the Strategic Level Leadership?

Back 415

Shape the military through change over extended time

Front 416

Shape the military through change over extended time

Back 416

Formal; Informal; Collective; Situational

Front 417

What are the three Leader Attributes

Back 417

A: Character; Presence; Intellect

Front 418

What are the three Leader Competencies?

Back 418

A: Leads; Develops; Achieves

Front 419

What is Character?

Back 419

the essence of who a person is, what a person believes, how a person acts

Front 420

What year was the Army’s First Leadership Doctrine Published?

Back 420

A: 1948

Front 421

What does a Leader taking care of people involve?

Back 421

creating and sustaining a positive climate through open communications, trust, cohesion,
and teamwork

Front 422

Should every good Army Leader also need to be a good Follower

Back 422

A: Yes

Front 423

What are the things that a good Follower must Learn

Back 423

learning loyalty, subordination, respect for superiors, and even when and how to lodge
candid disagreement

Front 424

How can Leaders mitigate resistance when trying to influence others?

Back 424

by anticipating what others value, their reactions to influence, their shared understanding
of common goals, and their commitment to the general organization or the purpose of the mission
and their trust in the organization and the leader

Front 425

How do Army Leaders build Trust?

Back 425

by being honest and dependable

Front 426

Which Army Value must leaders have in order to take the initiative to make something happen or confront problems of discipline and/or disorderly conduct?

Back 426

Personal couragePersonal courage

Front 427

What is collective leadership?

Back 427

Collective leadership refers to the combined effects and interactions when leaders at different
levels synchronize their leadership actions to achieve a common purpose.

Front 428

Who can demonstrate leadership?

Back 428

Anyone can demonstrate leadership

Front 429

What are the three Leadership attributes?

Back 429

Character, Presence and Intellect

Front 430

What are the three Leadership competencies

Back 430

Leads, Develops and Achieves

Front 431

What is empathy?

Back 431

Empathy is identifying and understanding what others think, feel and believe.

Front 432

What does Character refer to?

Back 432

the internal identity of the leader

Front 433

What does Presence refer to?

Back 433

how others see the leader, the leader’s outward appearance, demeanor, actions and words

Front 434

What does Intellect refer to?

Back 434

the abilities and knowledge the leader possesses to think and interact with others; the mental
and social faculties the leader applies in the act of leading

Front 435

How do Leaders build credibility with their Soldiers?

Back 435

by unwaveringly adhering to applicable laws, regulations, and unit standards build
credibility with their subordinates and enhance trust from the American people they serve

Front 436

What is Building Trust?

Back 436

an important competency to establish conditions of effective influence and for creating a
positive environment

Front 437

What is Actions speak louder than words?

Back 437

Actions can speak louder than words and excellent leaders use this to serve as a role model
to set the standard

Front 438

Why must Leaders Communicate Effectively

Back 438

Leaders communicate to convey clear understanding of what needs to be done and why

Front 439

Arm Army Leaders expected to influence beyond the chain of command

Back 439

Yes, involves influencing others when the leader does not have designated authority or
while the leader’s authority is not recognized by others, such as with unified action partners

Front 440

How do Leaders Create a positive environment

Back 440

A Leader inspires an organization’s climate and culture

Front 441

What is the Competency Prepares self?

Back 441

encourages improvement in leading and other areas of leader responsibility

Front 442

Why do Leaders Develop Others?

Back 442

to assume greater responsibility or achieve higher expertise

Front 443

Why does a Leader Steward the Profession

Back 443

to maintain professional standards and effective capabilities for the future

Front 444

When developing subordinates, what should a Leader provide?

Back 444

resources the subordinate needs to succeed, makes expectations clear, and provides
positive, meaningful feedback

Front 445

What does Getting Results require?

Back 445

the right level of delegation, empowerment and trust balanced against the mission

Front 446

How do Leaders Develop?

Back 446

when the individual desires to improve and invests effort, when his or her superior
supports development, and when the organizational climate values learning

Front 447

What are examples of Formal Systems that provide feedback for Leaders to Develop?

Back 447

evaluation reports, academic evaluation reports, and 360 assessments

Front 448

What is the quickest opportunity for Leaders to Lear and Develop

Back 448

when there are challenging and interesting opportunities to practice leadership
with meaningful and honest feedback and multiple practice opportunities

Front 449

What does Leader Development Involve?

Back 449

recruiting, accessing, developing, assigning, promoting, broadening, and retaining the
best leaders, while challenging them over time with greater responsibility, authority and
accountability

Front 450

Why is "Military Leadership" unique?

Back 450

because the armed forces grow their own leaders from the lowest to highest levels

Front 451

What are the four requirements and expectations of character?

Back 451

Army Values; Empathy; Warrior Ethos; Discipline

Front 452

What are the four requirements and expectations of presence?

Back 452

Military and professional bearing; Fitness; Confidence; Resilience

Front 453

What are the five requirements and expectations of intellect?

Back 453

A: Mental agility; Sound judgment; Innovation; Interpersonal tact; Expertise

Front 454

What are the five requirements and expectations of the lead competency?

Back 454

Leads others; Extends influence beyond the chain of command; Builds trust; Leads by
example; Communicates

Front 455

What are the four requirements and expectations of the develop competency?

Back 455

Creates a positive environment/fosters espirit de corps; Prepares self; Develops others;
Stewards the profession

Front 456

What in the one requirement and expectation of the achieve competency?

Back 456

Gets results

Front 457

How does leadership develop within an individual

Back 457

Leadership develops when the individual desires to improve and invests effort, when his or
her superior supports development, and when the organizational climate values learning

Front 458

What does the leader development process involve

Back 458

Leader development involves recruiting, accessing, developing, assigning, promoting,
broadening, and retaining the best leaders, while challenging them over time with
greater responsibility, authority and accountability.

Front 459

How is military leadership unique from civilian or private sector leadership?

Back 459

Military leadership is unique because the armed forces grow their own leaders from the lowest
to highest levels. It entrusts leaders to develop professionally and be ready to accept greater
responsibility when called upon.

Front 460

What does ADP 7-0 cover?

Back 460

Training Units and Developing Leaders

Front 461

What ADP Covers Training Units and Developing Leaders?

Back 461

A: ADP 7-0

Front 462

What are the three training domains the Army uses?

Back 462

institutional, operational and self-development

Front 463

What is the institutional training domain?

Back 463

The Army’s institutional training and education system which includes training base centers
and schools that provide initial training and subsequent professional military education for
Soldiers, Military Leaders and Army Civilians.

Front 464

What is the Operational Training domain?

Back 464

training that organizations conduct at home stations, maneuver combat training centers,
during joint exercises, at mobilization centers and while operationally deployed.

Front 465

What is the self-development training domain?

Back 465

oriented learning that reinforces and expands the knowledge base, self-awareness,
and situational awareness and it compliments institutional and operational learning and enhances
professional competence and professionalism.

Front 466

What are the underlying logics of training and leader development?

Back 466

Training and leader development, Training, Leader development, Role of the Commander

Front 467

What is Unified Action?

Back 467

Unified action is the synchronization, coordination and/or integration of the activities
of governmental and nongovernmental entities with military operations to achieve unity of effort

Front 468

Who is responsible for training units and developing leaders?

Back 468

Commanders

Front 469

How do Commanders exercise training and leadership development

Back 469

through formal and informal chains, assisted by progressive, challenging and realistic training

Front 470

What is individual training?

Back 470

Individual training allows for individuals to master fundamental skills. They are
responsible for their own professional grown and for seeking out self-development opportunities

Front 471

What is collective training

Back 471

Collective training integrates and synchronizes the skills learned at the individual skill level. It
includes unit level tasks and events, but also requires individual skill proficiency and capitalizes
on multi-echelon, joint, interagency and multinational forces training opportunities as often as
needed.

Front 472

Who is responsible for the training proficiency of their respective organizations and subordinates?

Back 472

Subordinate leaders; NCO's

Front 473

Who are the primary trainers of enlisted Soldiers, crews and small teams?

Back 473

Noncommissioned officers

Front 474

What do leaders need to establish and enforce to ensure their organizations meet
mission requirements?

Back 474

Standards

Front 475

What fundamentals must units at every echelon master in order to accomplish their missions?

Back 475

Basic soldiering, the Warrior Tasks, battle drills, marksmanship, fitness and MOS
proficiencies

Front 476

What leaders attribute results from training under complex, changing conditions, with
minimal information available to make decisions?

Back 476

A: Adaptability

Front 477

What training technique allows for simultaneous training of more than one echelon on different or
complementary tasks known as?

Back 477

A: Multi-echelon training

Front 478

Which training principle prepares units and individuals to be resilient?

Back 478

A: Train to Sustain

Front 479

What are the seven principles of leader development?

Back 479

Lead by example; Develop subordinate leaders; Create a learning environment for
subordinate leaders; Train leaders in the art and science of mission command; Train to develop
adaptive leaders; Train leaders to think critically and creatively; Train your leaders to know their
subordinates and their families.

Front 480

What should all leaders know about their subordinates?

Back 480

Strength, weaknesses and capabilities

Front 481

What is the primary focus of a unit when not deployed?

Back 481

Training

Front 482

What is the purpose of unit training

Back 482

The purpose of unit training is to build and maintain
ready units to conduct unified land operations for combatant commanders

Front 483

What do units build once they master individual and collective tasks under the conditions of
their anticipated operational environmeWhat is the goal of METL proficiencynt

Back 483

Flexibility, integration, lethality, adaptability, depth and synchronization capabilities

Front 484

What is the definition of a METL?

Back 484

A: METL is the doctrinal framework of fundamental tasks for which the unit was designed

Front 485

What does METL stand for?

Back 485

A: Mission Essential Task List

Front 486

What is the goal of METL proficiency?

Back 486

The goal of METL proficiency is to enable the unit to adapt to unexpected situations
during mission execution

Front 487

What type of approach do unit training plans use that progressively and systematically builds
on successful task performance before progressing to more complex tasks?

Back 487

Crawl-Walk-Run approach

Front 488

What do subordinates provide in order to enable the Commander to assess the readiness of
a mission-essential task?

Back 488

A: After Actions Review (AAR)