Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Adolescence is defined in the text between when puberty begins and when adult status is achieved. This definition is peculiar in that it has a _____1_____ determined beginning and a _____2____ determined end
|
1. Biologically
2. Socially/culturally |
|
|
The study of adolescence is occasionally difficult because:
|
Both it's beginning and it's end change across time
|
|
|
Anciently, the time period most closely resembling our modern-day adolescence was between the ages of 14 and 21, and was marked by the emergence of:
|
Reasoning ability
|
|
|
In 1500 AD, the time period most closely resembling our modern-day adolescence could begin as early as 8 or 9 years of age, and was marked by the emergence of:
|
Life Cycle service
|
|
|
The term "adolescence" came into common usage sometime between 1890 and 1920. In America, this time period is called the "age of adolescence" because of:
|
Educational and labor reforms that benefited adolescents
|
|
|
The idea of adolescence being universally a time of "storm and stress" has received:
|
Mix support
Traditional cultures show less conflict that industrialized ones |
|
|
Surveys among American youth reveal 3 factors that are perceived as important in achieving adult status. Which of the following IS NOT one of those factors?
|
Having a stable vocation
|
|
|
Jamie is 12 and in foster care under child protective services. Mr Phillips is the coordinator of the local foster care system, and reviews reports from the social worker that meets with Jamie and her foster parents every other week. Mr Philips is part of Jamie's:
|
Exosystem
|
|
|
Allison and Ryan are Jamie's current foster parents. They are part of Jamie's:
|
Microsystem
|
|
|
Mrs Cooper is the social worker who meets with Jamie individually, and then Allison and Ryan together, on Wednesday every week. She notices that Jamie seems particularly withdrawn in their meeting, and makes a note to ask Allison and Ryan about it. These interactions are part of Jamie's:
|
Mesosystem
|
|
|
Current legislation bars Jamie's mother from seeing her until the mother is able to overcome her substance abuse and hold down a stead job. This legislation is part of Jamie's:
|
Macrosystem
|
|
|
Jamie has difficulty around her foster parents and her peers. She also exhibits extreme discomfort in unfamiliar surroundings. She has been diagnosed with general anxiety disorder. Jamie's difficulties are part of her:
|
Individual
|
|
|
After a year and a half of meeting with a psychologist to address her social problems, Jamie is a little better at making friends and less anxious when she moves into a new grade level at school. These changes are part of Jamie's:
|
Chronosystem
|
|
|
From a theoretical perspective of psychology, the MAIN objective of operationalizing our subject matter is to...
|
Measure something not directly observable
|
|
|
In the feedback loop associated with pubertal development, levels of the two sex hormones __1__, ___2__, are measured by the brain structure called the __3__
|
1. Androgen
2. Estrogen 3. Hypothalamus |
|
|
Socioeconomic status relates to the age of menarche, such that:
|
highers SES equates to earlier menarche
|
|
|
Stimulate the development of gametes
|
D FSH and LH
|
|
|
Release gonadatropins
|
C P.t. gland
|
|
|
Reproductive and other bodily changes associated with puberty
|
Primary and Secondary sexual characteristics
|
|
|
Brain structure associated with hunger, thirst, and pleasure
|
A Hypothalamus
|
|
|
Name for both the male and female sex glands
|
Gonads
|
|
|
Thought to be released once some threshold level of body fat is reached
|
GnRH
|
|
|
Sex hormones
|
Androgen and Estrogen
|
|
|
Brantley has a knack for word usage. One of his English teachers notices this, and recommends he check out the debate club. He makes friends in the club very easily, and now sits with the club members during lunch. This is an example of:
|
Evocative genotype-environment interaction
|
|
|
Malique has always been fascinated by drawing and colors, but his family has never had enough money to purchase much beyond crayons or markers. He's excited about school this year, because he's selected art as his elective. This is an example of:
|
Active Interaction
|
|
|
Suilin likes to play her father's piano, especially while he's practicing. Being a little concerned about her damaging the piano, and needing some practice time when she's not around, Suilin's father purchases a smaller play piano for her room. This is an example of:
|
Reciprocal interaction
|
|
|
The distancing hypothesis states that adolescents and parents distance themselves from each other in order to facilitate romantic relationships outside of the family. The hypothesis demonstrates a tendency in evolutionary psychology that attributes most human behavior to an underlying drive. The underlying drive of evolutionary psychology is best described as:
|
The need to safely pass on your genetic inheritance
|
|
|
For Piaget, stages differ from one another in:
|
The type of thinking an individual relies on
|
|
|
Of the four stages originally proposed by Piaget, the one that applies to adolescence is __1__ and is most characterized by the emergence of __2__
|
1 Formal operations
2 Hypothetical-deductive reasoning |
|
|
Research suggests that a stage of reasoning appears in the age range most typically associated with emerging adulthood. This stage is characterized by:
|
Pragmatism and reflective judgment
|
|
|
Awareness of your sensory perceptions. Usually only lasts a second or so
|
D Sensory Memory
|
|
|
Trauma or extreme Emotion
|
B
|
|
|
Come in 3 types; selective, divided, band sustained
|
Attention
|
|
|
The process you probably used in preparation for this exam
|
C
|
|
|
Where memories and information are manipulated
|
G Sort-term/working mem
|
|
|
Repository for memories and information. No manipulation occurs here
|
A Long-term mem
|
|
|
Memory of information that you are currently focused on
|
F
|
|
|
One criticism of the information-processing model of cognitive psychology is that it is reductionism, which means that
|
It creates artificially distinct division in its subject matter
|
|
|
There are two aspects of adolescent egocentrism. They are __1__ and __2__
|
1 Imaginary audience
2 Personal fable |
|
|
Lev Vygotsky's Zone of proximal development includes the range of activities
|
A person can accomplish while being aided by and instructor
|
|
|
According to Vygotsky, optimal learning happens at which end of the ZPD?
|
The upper bound
|
|
|
____ are implicit and explicit ideas about persons, society, nature, and divinity, often including ideas about the meaning of life
|
Symbolic Inheritances
|
|
|
____ are a culture's norms and moral standards that set the expectations for behavior
|
Cultural beliefs
|
|
|
____ are the particular sets of belief and custom that undergird a specific cultural practice
|
Custom Complexes
|
|
|
The three outcomes of socialization are ___1___ ___2___ ___3___
|
Role Identification
Self Regulation Sources of meaning |
|
|
Research into religiosity among American adolescents suggests that:
|
adolescent beliefs about God focus on feeling good about themselves and being fair to others
|
|
|
According to Piaget, Heteronomous morality consists of judgments about right and wrong that are based on:
|
An understanding that rules are fixed and only interpretable by someone in authority
|
|
|
According to Piaget, Autonomous morality consists of judgments about right and wrong that are based on:
|
an understanding that rules are social conventions that can be interpreted by anyone
|
|
|
Joshua believes Diesing’s decision was wrong. Diesing probably isn’t the only person in his situation. He should have petitioned a superior to ensure that every member of the fire brigade be assigned a station close to their home. That way no one would have to choose between their responsibilities.
|
Community and Individual Rights
|
|
|
Khamil believes Diesing’s decision was wrong. Diesing could potentially be put in prison for not showing up at his post when he was needed. He won’t be able to take care of his family when he is in prison.
|
Punishment and Obedience
|
|
|
Shaylee believes that Diesing’s decision was right. Diesing made a commitment to his family a long time before the war ever began. If that commitment is what Diesing feels is most important, it should come before anything else.
|
Universal ethical principles
|
|
|
George believes that Diesing’s decision was wrong. Other people are depending on Diesing to be responsible for their families, just like he should depend on them to take care of his. If everyone disregarded their responsibility, then no one would be safe or protected.
|
Social Systems
|
|
|
Sarah believes that Diesing’s decision was right. It was obviously important for Diesing to check on his family before reporting to his post. Otherwise he would worry about his family all day. He should feel good about helping people, and he won’t be able to while he’s worrying about his family.
|
Individualism and Purpose
|
|
|
Margaret is having a hard time deciding whether Diesing’s decision was right or wrong. Diesing went to check on his family, which is what a husband and father should do. But he neglected he responsibility to the people at his post, which isn’t the kind of thing a citizen should do.
|
Interpersonal Concordance
|
|
|
Actions guided by thoughts and conclusions about what is right and wrong
|
B
|
|
|
Explanations for why a behavior might be right or wrong
|
C
|
|
|
Beliefs about what it means to be human
|
A
|
|
|
Judgments about whether a behavior is right or wrong
|
D
|
|
|
Sex refers to __1__ while gender refers to __2__
|
What you are
what you do |
|
|
Which of the following is a possible reason for the differences between male and female socialization patterns that often occur during adolescence in traditional cultures?
|
Traditional female roles often require close, consistent proximity to their mother
|
|
|
In most traditional cultures, and many industrialized cultures, attaining the status of manhood is more complicated than attaining the status of womanhood. This is because:
|
Manhood is seen as something that must be achieved
|
|
|
The movement in American history from communal manhood, to self-made manhood, to passionate manhood demonstrates an increasing emphasis on:
|
Independence for your own purpose
|
|
|
Michelle has a 4-year-old son named Stephen. She occasionally leaves him with one of her friends who has a daughter around the same age. The first time he stayed over, he didn’t have very much fun because there were only Barbie dolls to play with. Now, whenever Stephen goes over, he brings a few of his toy cars with him.
|
Self-socialization
|
|
|
Kim enjoyed playing co-ed soccer all through elementary school, and has continued playing it during middle school. Now that she’s 12, however, her parents worry about her getting hurt if she continues playing into high school. They are trying to convince her to join an all female team, where she will be more physically competitive. Kim’s parents’ concern and their desire to move her into an all female team demonstrate
|
Gender intensification hypothesis
|
|
|
Maggie and Alan are expecting their first child, and are trying to decide whether they want to find out the sex of the child before it’s born. They both would like to be surprised, but Alan would like to pick out an appropriate name, and Maggie would prefer to know which color outfits to purchase
|
Differential gender socialization
|
|
|
Gender identity typically emerges around what age?
|
2-3 years
|
|
|
Gender constancy usually emerges around what age?
|
5-7 years
|
|
|
According to the text, which of the following is not an area of self-awareness in which adolescents experience increased sensitivity and change
|
Self-respect
|
|
|
An adolescent's false self is most likely to be displayed while
|
on a date
|
|
|
A person’s sense of situational, task-specific self-esteem is called _____________________, while their overall sense of worth as a human being is called _______________________ .
|
Barometric
Baseline |
|
|
Which of the following IS NOT one of the task-specific areas of self-esteem in Susan Harter’s Self Perception Profile for Adolescents?
|
self sufficiency
|
|
|
Of the areas of self-esteem the Self Perception Profile for Adolescents, which two appear to be most important to adolescents?
|
Social acceptance and physical appearance
|
|
|
Although both American males and females experience a drop in self-esteem during adolescence, generally females have lower self-self esteem during this time period than males. One possible reason for this is:
|
physical development move males closer to the ideal, but move females further away.
|
|
|
Erik Erikson’s Identity vs. Identity Confusion stage consists of three areas in which adolescents develop their identity. Which of the following IS NOT one of the three?
|
spirituality (religion)
|
|
|
Marcia
Exploration + Commitment - |
Moratorium
|
|
|
Marcia
Exploration + Commitment + |
Achievement
|
|
|
Marcia
Exploration - Commitment + |
Foreclosure
|
|
|
Marcia
Exploration - Commitment - |
Diffusion
|
|
|
The family systems approach is based on two fundamental principles. Which of the following is one of those principles
|
Changes in family members or subsystems result in disequilibrium
|
|
|
Within the family systems approach, dyadic relationships exist between
|
any two interacting members of the family
|
|
|
Alex and Derrick are 10 years apart... Neither one have many memories of interacting much as brothers
|
Casual Relationship
|
|
|
Jaince's parents... Janice enjoyed the additional time with Simon
|
Buddy Relationship
|
|
|
Maria is almost 4 years younger than sister Alma... sitting with Maria at lunch and making sure she knew where all her classes were
|
Caregiver Relationship
|
|
|
Carson and Malcolm are 4 years old, twins...tallest tower before the blocks run out
|
Rival relationships
|
|
|
Su is older than Hai by about a year and a half... Su usually displays that concern by pointing out all of hr boyfriend's faults
|
Critical Relationship
|
|
|
Adolescents report more conflict with their ____ than in any of their other relatinships
|
SIBLINGS
|
|
|
Parenting Style
Demandingness high Responsiveness low |
Authoritarian
|
|
|
Parenting Style
Demandingness low Responsiveness high |
Permissive
|
|
|
Parenting Style
Demandingness low Responsiveness low |
Disengaged
|
|
|
Parenting Style
Demandingness high Responsiveness high |
authoritative
|
|
|
When tow siblings from the same family rate one of their parents, they often report experiencing parenting styles
|
different
|
|
|
Parent's and researchers from more traditional cultures often argue that demandingness responsive model of parenting does not represent them
|
The western conception of responsiveness includes an element of discussion and justification that is not present in many traditional parenting styles
|
|
|
Which form of abuse is almost always present when other forms of abuse are present
|
emotional
|
|
|
The effects of growing up ina family where the mother works full time in addition to the father working full time are such that
|
there are negative consequences for both males and females
|
|
|
The sharing of thoughts and feelings, or ___, becomes an integral part of friendships during adolescence
|
Intimacy
|
|
|
Adolescent's increased sharing of thoughts and feelings makes sense, in that it coincides with the development of,,,
|
Increased abstract and complex thought
|
|
|
When asked to rate their similarity with their friends, adolescents usually report
|
more similarities
|
|
|
It may be tempting to blame an adolescent's poor behavior on the bad influence of a friend, may not be entirely accurate
|
the behavior probably resulted from the adolescent's own interests, in addition to their friends influence
|
|
|
Generally speaking, friends get ___ over time
|
more similar
|
|
|
Jason won two free tickets. Thomas doesn't really care for country music,he agrees to come though
|
Companionship support
|
|
|
Shayla wants to upgrade several of the hardware components in her desktop. Amad offers to come over and help out
|
Instrumental support
|
|
|
As Jamie is lining up for her relay race, she spots her friends Chad and Jessica in the crowd
|
Esteem support
|
|
|
Alan has been wondering about a new club that opened in town and asks William what he's heard about it.
|
Informational support
|
|
|
Cliques are distinguished from crowds by
|
the number of people and how well they know each other
|
|
|
Adolescents tend to see ____ diversity in the crowds of other ethnicity than in their own
|
less
|
|
|
Rejected adolescents differ from controversial adolescents in
|
the number of peers who report liking them
|
|
|
People often consider very intelligent to be nerdy, even though there is a high correlation between intelligence and popularity. Adolescents are typically considered nerds when
|
they focus only on academics
|
|
|
Emily parents have been encouraging her to consider attending college since before she started high school. They feel it is the only way she can learn the skills she needs to support herself as an adult
|
Co-figurative culture
|
|
|
Hannah has been attending church dances fro a while now. What's next?
|
She one one of her close girl friends will ask a pair of boys out to the movies
|
|
|
By emerging adulthood many of the reasons for dating have changed, such as
|
intimacy has replaced recreation as most important
|
|
|
Dating in adolescence is typically associated with several benefits, but there is a higher risk of negative consequence for
|
Females in early adolescence
|
|
|
The matching hypothesis discussion lecture states that, regardless of our abstract preferences about physical attractiveness, in actual relationships we tend to
|
choose someone of about equal attractiveness
|
|
|
David and Lisa and sibs that have been close since they were children. Same college, living in the same complex
|
companionate love
|
|
|
Janine is 15 and in love with brad, don't talk much but she dreams about him often
|
Infatuation
|
|
|
Hymal and Shasha married for three years. Ups and downs, Hyma is still occasionally surprised by her beauty
|
Consummate Love
|
|
|
Greg and Ophelia met in their last year of middle school. Now they're in high school and don't get teased as much, but they're closest friends
|
Liking
|
|
|
Molly and Peter met a week ago at a dance and last night had a pretty serious conversation about getting married
|
Fatuous Love
|
|
|
Theresa and Percy have been married for almost 30 years. Don't have much in common, commitment to marriage based off kids
|
Empty love
|
|
|
Omar and Celia are in high school, been dating for a few months. Relationship is very physical, but talk every day
|
Romantic Love
|
|
|
Which of the following is not one of the top 5 most often sought after qualities in a marriage partner?
|
Good Looks
|
|
|
What percentage of cohabiting couples remain together for longer than 1 year?
|
50%
|
|
|
Cohabitation before marriage correlates with a ____ rate of divorce
|
higher
|
|
|
Which of the following does not correlate with higher rates of abstinence in adolescence?
|
Close parental monitoring
|
