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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aura ch 27. |
a warning before a seizure occurs, often described as a bright light, or odd taste and smell. |
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Food and drug administration ch. 27 |
federal agency responsible for the enforcement of federal regulations regarding the manufacture, processing, and distribution of foods, drugs, and cosmetics to protect consumers against the sale of impure or dangerous substances. |
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Immunizations ch. 27 |
injection of a small amount of attenuated (weakened) or dead organisms or modified toxins from the organism into the body to acquire active immunity from the organism. |
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Pathogen ch. 27 |
an organism capable of producing an illness. |
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Poisen ch. 27 |
any substance that impairs health or destroys life when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed by the body. |
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pollutant ch. 27 |
a harmful chemical or waste material discharged into the water, soil, or air. |
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Restraint ch. 27 |
any manual method, physical, or mechanical device, material, or equipment that immobilized or reduces the ability of a patient or move his or her arms, legs, body, or head freely. |
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Seizure ch. 27 |
a hyperexcitation and disorderly discharge of neurons in the brain leading to a suddenn violent, involuntary series of muscle contractions that is paroxysmal and episodic, causing loss of consciousness, falling, tonicity (rigidity of muscles), and clonicity (jerking of muscles). |
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Seizure Precautions ch. 27 |
encompass all nursing interventions to protect the patient from traumatic injury, position for adequate ventilation and drainage of oral secretions, and provide privacy and support following the seizure. |
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Status epilepticus ch. 27 |
Prolonged or repeated seizures |
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STEEP CH. 27 |
S-safe T-timely E-effective E-equitable P-patient centered |
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Developmental Stages Ch. 27 |
EDUCATE PATIENT SAFETY ACCORDINGLY Infants and toddlers Preschoolers School-aged children Adolescents Adult Older Adult |
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Restraint Types Ch. 27 |
Chemical Physical Alarms Posey bed Wrist restraints & vests Side-rails (when it encloses the patient and there is no safe way getting out of the bed) |
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Use of restraints must meet one of these objectives Ch. 27 |
-Reduce risk of injury from falls -Prevent interruption of therapy (IV's, tube feedings, or foleys) -Prevent pts who are confused or combative from removing life-support equipment -Reduce risk of injury to others by the pt. |
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Alternatives to restraints Ch. 27 |
-Provide companionship/supervision -use calm, simple language -attend to needs frequently (every hour) -evaluate all medications & ensure effective pain management -assign confused pts to rooms next to nurses station -provide distractions |
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Restraint requirements Ch. 27 |
-know agency-specific policy -physcians order based on face to face assessment. -orders must be current & specify: type & location. Duration & circumstance for use -Orders may be renewed max 24 hours -ongoing assessment is mandatory -DOCUMENTATION |
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Restraint Complications Ch. 27 |
-pressure ulcers -limb injury -constipation -strangulation -loss of dignity -DEATH -agitation -falls -pneumonia -incontinence -humiliation |
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RACE Ch. 27 |
R- rescue & remove pts from danger A- activate alarm C- confine the fire E- extinguish with appropriate equipment |
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PASS Ch. 27 |
P- pull pin A- aim at base of fire S- squeeze handles S- sweep from side to side |
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Aerobic Ch. 28 |
Bacteria that requires oxygen for survival and for multiplication sufficient to cause disease. |
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Anaerobic Ch. 28 |
Bacteria thrive where little or no free oxygen is available (infections deep within the pleural cavity, in a joint, or in a deep sinus tract are typicallly anaeorobes). |
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Asepsis Ch. 28 |
The absence of pathogenic microorganisms. Aseptic technique refers to practices/procedures that help reduce the risk for infection. |
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Asymptomatic Ch. 28 |
A infectious disease that lacks signs or symptoms |
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Bactericidal Ch. 28 |
A temperature or chemical that destroys bacteria. |
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Bacteriostasis Ch. 28 |
Cold temperatures preventing growth and reproduction of bacteria. |
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Hand hygeine Ch. 28 |
The act of washing hands with soap and water, followed by rinsing under a stream of water for 15 seconds. |
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Colonization Ch. 28 |
The presence and growth of microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage. |
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Communicable disease Ch. 28 |
An infectious disease that can be transmitted directly from one person to another. |
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Health care-associated infections (HAIs) Ch. 28 |
Infections resulting from the delivery of health services in a health care facility (also referred to nosocomial or health care-acquired infections). |
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Disinfection Ch. 28 |
A process that eliminates many or all microorganisms, with the exception of bacterial spores, from inanimate objects. |
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Edema Ch. 28 |
The accumulation of fluid that appears of localized swelling. |
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Endogenous infection Ch. 28 |
Part of the patients flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results (this often happens wen a patient receives broad-spectrum antibiotics that alter the normal floras. |
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Epidemiology Ch. 28 |
Gathering statistics regarding the cause and effect of health care-associated infections. |
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Exogenous Infection Ch. 28 |
An infection that comes from microorganisms found outside the individual such as Salmonella, Clostridium tetani, and Aspergillus. |
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Exudates Ch. 28 |
Fluid and cells that are discharged from cells or blood vessels (pus or serum). |
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Iatrogenic infections Ch. 28 |
Type of HAI from a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure. * Always consider the patient's risks for infection and anticipate how the approach to care increases or decreases the risk. |
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Immunocompromised Ch. 28 |
Impaired immune system |
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Infection Ch.28 |
Invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms, resulting in disease. |
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Ch. 28 |
An infection that affects the entire body instead of just a single organ or part and can become fatal if undetected and untreated. |
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Symptomatic Ch. 28 |
Pathogens multiplying and causing clinical signs and symptoms. |
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Leukocytosis Ch. 28 |
An increase in the number of circulating WBC's *WBC- normally 5,000 to 10,000/mm, but typically rise to 15,000 to 20,000/mm and higher during infection. |
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Localized Ch. 28 |
A localized infection (wound infection) |
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Medical Asepsis Ch. 28 |
Clean techniques for reducing the number of organisms present and preventing the transfer of organisms. |
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Suppurative Ch. 28 |
An increased in acute pus-forming infection.
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Necrotic Ch. 28 |
The process neutralizes and eliminates pathogens or dead tissues and establishes a means of repairing body cells and tissues. |
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Normal Floras Ch. 28 |
A normally excrete of trillions of microbes daily through the intestines. |
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Pathogens Ch. 28 |
A microorganism invasion of a susceptible host resulting in disease. |
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Phagocytosis Ch. 28 |
A process that involves the destruction and absorption of bacteria. |
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Purulent Ch. 28 |
Accumulation of fluid and dead tissue containing WBC's and bacteria |
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Resevoir Ch. 28 |
A place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and wait transfer to a susceptible host. |
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Sanguineous Ch. 28 |
Accumulation of fluid containing red blood cells. |
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Serous Ch. 28 |
Accumulation of fluid containing clear-like plasma. |
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Standard precautions Ch. 28 |
To prevent and control infection and its spread. |
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Sterile field Ch. 28 |
An area free of microorganisms and prepared to receive sterile items. |
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Suprainfection Ch. 28 |
An infection that develops when broad-spectrum antibiotics eliminate a wide range of normal flora organisms, not just those causing infection. |
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Surgical asepsis Ch. 28 |
Sterile technique prevents contamination of an open wound, serves to isolate the operative area from the unsterile environment, and maintains a sterile field for surgery. |
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Susceptibility Ch. 28 |
An infectious agent depends on the individual's degree of resistance to pathogens. |
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Chain of infection Ch. 28 |
*Infection occurs in a cycle that depends on the presence of all of the following: -an infectious agent or pathogen -a reservoir or source for pathogen growth -a port of exit from the reservoir -a mode of transmission -a port of entry to a host -a susceptible host |
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Mode of Transmission of Infection Ch. 28 |
-Contact -Droplet (can travel up to 3 ft.) -Airborne -Vehicles (water, blood, food) -Vectors(mosquitos) |
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CDC Prevention & Isolation Guidelines Ch. 28 |
Barrier precautions include the appropriate use of personal protective equipment, such as gowns, gloves, masks, |
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Contact Precautions Ch. 28 |
Used for direct and indirect contact with patients and their environment. The health care worker may transmit microorganisms from one patient sid=te to another if hand hygiene is not performed between patients. |
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Droplet Precautions Ch. 28 |
Focus on diseases that are transmitted by large droplets expelled into the air and travel 3 to 6 feet from the patient. |
