Admin Of Justice Midterm

Front 1

If a defendant “stands mute” at his or her arraignment, Which plea will be entered before the judge?

Back 1

Not Guilty

Front 2

Which of the following advocates would support the interests of society over those of an individual?

Back 2

Public Order advocates

Front 3

One purpose of _________ is to provide an opportunity for bail.

Back 3

the first appearance before the judge

Front 4

Which Supreme Court era is remembered for its concern with protecting the innocent against massive power of the state in criminal proceedings?

Back 4

Warren Court

Front 5

Which of the following advocates would support the protection of personal freedoms and civil rights?

Back 5

Due-process advocates

Front 6

The preliminary hearing is used to decide all but which of the following?

Back 6

Whether the defendant is guilty

Front 7

__________ refers to understandings built up thorough common usage and also to decisions rendered by courts in previous cases.

Back 7

Precedent

Front 8

Enron executives Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey Skillings’s conspiracy to commit securities and wire fraud is an example of. . .

Back 8

White collar crime

Front 9

The model of criminal justice assumes that the efforts of the component parts of the system are fragmented, leading to a criminal justice nonsystem is ...

Back 9

the conflict model

Front 10

Which of the following acts was enacted in response to the terrorist attacks on the world trade center and the pentagon on sep 11, 2001

Back 10

USA Patriot Act

Front 11

......is not considered larceny

Back 11

Stealing a car

Front 12

......is a form of computer crime.

Back 12

Phishing

Front 13

.....is not a Part 1 crime

Back 13

Fraud

Front 14

......is an offense that does not fall under the category of larceny

Back 14

Robbery

Front 15

Part II offenses include all of the following except .....

Back 15

burglary

Front 16

....of sentences are imposed in criminal cases because of guilty pleas rather than trials.

Back 16

About 80-90 percent

Front 17

An offender who has served a portion of a prison sentence may be freed on....

Back 17

parole

Front 18

The ________ are based on crime reported by the police.

Back 18

Uniform Crime Reports

Front 19

.....refers to the aspects of the administrative justice that concern violations of criminal law.

Back 19

Criminal justice

Front 20

One example of violent crime is

Back 20

forcible rape.

Front 21

Social justice is an ideal that embraces all aspects of civilized life.

Back 21

True

Front 22

Public-order advocates believe the interests of society take precedence over individual rights.

Back 22

True

Front 23

A trial is the examination of the issues of the fact and law in a case for the purpose of reaching a judgment of conviction of acquittal of the defendant.

Back 23

True

Front 24

An indictment is a formal written accusation submitted to the court by a grand jury alleging that a specified person has committed a specified offense.

Back 24

True

Front 25

The FEMA experienced surprisingly little fraud after the Katrina disaster.

Back 25

False

Front 26

Herbert Packer is credited with creating the crime-control model of criminal justice.

Back 26

True

Front 27

The conflict model assumes that the interests of criminal justice agencies tend to be self-serving.

Back 27

True

Front 28

Every criminal defendant, even those who commit petty offenses, has a right under the 6th amendment to the U.S. constitution to a trial by jury.

Back 28

False

Front 29

Public-order advocates primarily seek to protect personal freedoms within the process of criminal justice.

Back 29

False

Front 30

Criminal trials are expensive and time consuming.

Back 30

True

Front 31

A consecutive sentence is one that consists of two or more sentences that have been imposed simultaneously after the conviction for more than one offense, and that are the be served at the same time.

Back 31

False

Front 32

Guilty pleas are a rare occurrence.

Back 32

False

Front 33

Men are more likely to be victimized than women.

Back 33

True

Front 34

Property crimes typically have lower clearance rates than personal/violent crimes.

Back 34

False

Front 35

The federal fetal homicides statute passed in 2004 prohibits the prosecution of abortionists who are acting with the consent of the pregnant women

Back 35

True

Front 36

The hierarchy rule is a way of counting crime reports such that only the most serious of a series of events is scored

Back 36

True

Front 37

Most UCR information is reported as a rate of crime.

Back 37

True

Front 38

The FBI compiles the UCR.

Back 38

True

Front 39

The clearance rate of any crime refers to the proportion of reported crimes that have been solved.

Back 39

True

Front 40

Criminology is the scientific study of crime causation and prevention, and of the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders.

Back 40

True

Front 41

Once an offender has been sentenced, the stage of “corrections” begins.

Back 41

True

Front 42

The systems model of criminal justice is an accurate representation of how the system works.

Back 42

False

Front 43

Hate crimes targeting illegal immigrants have declined over the last 10 years.

Back 43

false

Front 44

Crimes involving fraud, even though they may be termed thefts, are not counted as larceny for the purposes of the UCR

Back 44

True

Front 45

Spam is the result of malicious computer programs such as viruses, worms, and Trojan horses.

Back 45

False

Front 46

The National Incident-Based Reporting System will replace the UCR.

Back 46

True

Front 47

Older victims are more likely to attempt to protect themselves than are younger ones.

Back 47

False

Front 48

Causation refers to the fact that the concurrence of a guilty mind and a criminal act may produce or cause harm

Back 48

TRUE

Front 49

The principle of recognizing previous decisions as precedents to guide future deliberations is called stare decisis.

Back 49

TRUE

Front 50

A necessary first feature of any crime is some act in violation of law

Back 50

TRUE

Front 51

In 2003 Brian P. Regan was convicted of trying to sell classified documents to prewar Iraq and China. Is it true or false that his crime was espionage?

Back 51

TRUE

Front 52

Civil suit seek punishment, not compensation

Back 52

FALSE

Front 53

Civil law provides a formal mean for regulating non criminal relationship among people, business, and other agencies of government

Back 53

TRUE

Front 54

Actus reus means “guilty mind”

Back 54

TRUE

Front 55

Corpus delicti refers to the facts that show a crime has occurred

Back 55

TRUE

Front 56

Which of the following types of law is based on the assumption that acts injure not just individuals, but society as a whole?

Back 56

CRIMINAL LAW

Front 57

A traditional body of unwritten legal precedents created from everyday social customs, rules, and practices

Back 57

COMMON LAW

Front 58

The maxim that an orderly society must be governed by established principles

Back 58

RULE OF LAW

Front 59

The part of the law that specifies the methods to be used for enforcing substantive criminal law

Back 59

PROCEDURAL LAW

Front 60

The body of regulations that the government creates to control the activities of industry, business, and the individuals

Back 60

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

Front 61

Which violation is not a misdemeanor

Back 61

ROBBERY

Front 62

Which is not categorized as a felony

Back 62

PETTY THEFT

Front 63

Which is not an element of crime?

Back 63

MOTIVE

Front 64

in its written form, the criminal law is also known as

Back 64

PENAL CODE

Front 65

Which of the following terms refers to gathering, transmitting, or losing information related to the national defense in such a manner that the information becomes available to enemies of the United States?

Back 65

espionage

Front 66

In the Andrea Yates murder trial, the jury had to decide if she knew that murdering her children was wrong, in order to consider

Back 66

her insanity defense.

Front 67

Murder, rape, and robbery all fall under what branch of modern law?

Back 67

substantive criminal law

Front 68

To avoid claims of entrapment, police officers must not:

Back 68

engage in an activity that would improperly induce a person to commit a crime.

Front 69

Which of the following elements of crime means “guilty mind”?

Back 69

mens rea

Front 70

Joe Maloney, a 22-year old iron worker, is accused of murdering his brother. He claims that he stabbed his brother to release the evil spirits within his body. The excuse defense that would most likely be used at his trial is:

Back 70

insanity

Front 71

Which of the following is a procedural defense

Back 71

double jeopardy

Front 72

Which type of law is enacted by a govt body or agency having the power to make law

Back 72

statutory law

Front 73

The main objective of a civil lawsuit is to

Back 73

seek just compensation

Front 74

__________ is the philosophy of law

Back 74

jurisprudence

Front 75

The principle of recognizing previous decisions as precedents to guide future deliberations is called

Back 75

stare decisis

Front 76

__________ are generally more serious than __________, but less serious than ____________.

Back 76

misdeameanors; offenses; felonies

Front 77

What term describes an offense not yet completed?

Back 77

inchoate

Front 78

Mens rea is most clearly present when a person acts

Back 78

purposefully and knowingly

Front 79

Which Constitutional Amendment guarantees the right to a speedy trial?

Back 79

Sixth

Front 80

A decentralized state police agency often operates with two agencies – a highway patrol and a state bureau of investigation

Back 80

True

Front 81

Wilson’s legalistic style of policing has been referred to as laissez-faire policing because officers avoid disputes that do not break the law

Back 81

True

Front 82

Discretion is used mostly in routine situations that involve offenses that are not very serious

Back 82

True

Front 83

Socialization into the police subculture commences with new recruits

Back 83

True

Front 84

Which policing strategy reorganizes conventional patrol strategies into integrated and versatile police teams assigned to a fixed district?

Back 84

team policing

Front 85

Which state had the first modern state police agency

Back 85

Pennsylvania

Front 86

The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment established that

Back 86

preventive patrol does not affect citizen fear of crime

Front 87

The FBI Headquarters is located in what city

Back 87

Washington, D.C.

Front 88

Which of the following is not one of the three major levels of law enforcement

Back 88

district

Front 89

Why doesn’t police response time result in a significant number of arrests?

Back 89

Citizens do not report the event to the police until a considerable amount of time passes.

Front 90

Which local law enforcement official is responsible for serving court papers, maintaining security within courtrooms, and running the county jail?

Back 90

sheriff

Front 91

The political era of American policing was characterized by

Back 91

police serving the interests of politicians.

Front 92

Semipermanent assignment of officers to particular neighborhoods is called

Back 92

team policing

Front 93

Community policing is best characterized by which of the following

Back 93

providing service to citizens

Front 94

The legalistic style of policing

Back 94

enforces the letter of the law

Front 95

Police-community relations (PCR) as a police practice

Back 95

recognizes that the police derive their legitimacy from the community they serve

Front 96

In what era of policing did police departments focus most of their resources on solving “traditional” crimes such as murder and rape?

Back 96

the reform era

Front 97

Which of the following is not an element of community policing?

Back 97

centralization of command

Front 98

A “knowing waiver” of rights requires that the defendant be able to understand the consequences of not knowing the Miranda rights.

Back 98

• True

Front 99

Recent lower courts decisions have ruled that the plain-view doctrine has no application to digital evidence.

Back 99

• False

Front 100

The U.S. Supreme Court established the public safety exception to the Miranda rule in NY v. Quarles.

Back 100

• True

Front 101

The first significant U.S. Supreme Court case involving an automobile was Carroll v. U.S.

Back 101

• True

Front 102

A landmark U.S. supreme court decision establishes guidelines by which the police and the rest of the justice system must abide.

Back 102

• True

Front 103

Harris v. U.S. sets out the plain-view doctrine

Back 103

• True

Front 104

Evidence seized by police officers who are proceeding on a warrant but violate the knock-and-announce rule will be subject to the exclusionary rule.

Back 104

• False

Front 105

During the 1960’s, the U.S. Supreme Court accelerated the process of guaranteeing individual rights in the face of criminal prosecution.

Back 105

• True

Front 106

The plain-view doctrine still applies if officers move objects so they can see evidence otherwise hidden from view.

Back 106

• False

Front 107

Officers armed with a warrant are legally allowed to enter a person’s home unannounced if the officers have a reasonable suspicion that it would be dangerous to announce themselves

Back 107

• True

Front 108

Probable cause is necessary for an arrest under any circumstance.

Back 108

• True

Front 109

Officers are usually required to submit an affidavit to magistrate or prosecutor in order to obtain an arrest warrant

Back 109

• True

Front 110

The U.S. Supreme Court has held that the use of a drug sniffing dog during a routine and lawful traffic stop is permissible and may not even be a search within the meaning of the 4th amendment.

Back 110

• True

Front 111

In 2006 the USA Patriot Act was repealed.

Back 111

• False

Front 112

Suspects who flee from officers and throw away evidence as they retreat may be arrested based on the nature of the abandoned evidence.

Back 112

• True

Front 113

Officers only need to provide Miranda warnings in those situations involving custodial interrogation.

Back 113

• True

Front 114

Warrantless searches of a vehicle are permitted if officers have probable cause to believe contraband is present.

Back 114

• True

Front 115

In technical terms, an arrest occurs whenever a law enforcement officer restricts a person’s freedom to leave

Back 115

• True

Front 116

When using phone taps, police must stop monitoring the call when it becomes obvious the conversation is innocent

Back 116

• True

Front 117

Unreasonable searches and seizures are prohibited by the

Back 117

• 4th Amendment

Front 118

This rule requires that incriminating evidence be seized by police according to the constitutional specifications of due process or it will not be allowed as evidenced in court.

Back 118

• Exclusionary rule

Front 119

Which U.S. Supreme Court case was responsible for the creation of the exclusionary rule?

Back 119

• Weeks v. U.S.

Front 120

A legal principle that excludes from introduction at the trial any evidence later developed as a result of an illegal search or seizure.

Back 120

• Fruit of the poisoned tree doctrine

Front 121

Which of the following is not a justification for emergency warrantless searches?

Back 121

• Danger to property

Front 122

Which Supreme Court ruling applied the principles developed in Weeks v. U.S. to trials in state courts?

Back 122

• Mapp v. Ohio

Front 123

Which famous 1966 U.S. Supreme Court case provided for the advisement of rights to criminal suspects prior to questioning?

Back 123

• Miranda v. Arizona

Front 124

An officer’s authority to detain occupants of a dwelling incident to the execution of a valid search warrant is

Back 124

• Absolute and unqualified

Front 125

Jake and Sue are married and own their home. The police come to the house and ask permission to search the house for drugs. Jake gives his consent to the search, but Mary says no because she has hidden some drugs in the kitchen. The police come in and search, over Mary’s objection, since Jake said it was okay. They find Mary’s drugs.

Back 125

• The drugs cannot be used at Mary’s trial because she did not consent to the search

Front 126

An _________warrant is issued based on probable cause to believe the evidence of a crime, while not currently at the place described, will likely be there when the warrant is executed.

Back 126

• Anticipatory

Front 127

Probable cause is

Back 127

• A legal criterion residing in a set of facts that cause a reasonable person to believe that a person committed a specific crime.

Front 128

Under Terry vs. Ohio the police may conduct a ________ search.

Back 128

• Simple pat-down

Front 129

An officer knocks on the door of a suspected drug dealer, who invites the officer into the house. While in the kitchen, the officer notices a marijuana plant on the window sill. The officer may legally seize the plant under the _________ doctrine.

Back 129

• Plain-view

Front 130

What legal concept provides the basis of suspicionless searches when public safety is at issue?

Back 130

• Compelling interest

Front 131

A stop under Terry vs. Ohio must be based on

Back 131

• A reasonable suspicion

Front 132

Which of the following cases emphasizes the totality of circumstances approach?

Back 132

• Illinois v. Gates

Front 133

What two principles are considered the Miranda triggers?

Back 133

• Custody and interrogation

Front 134

The Supreme Court gives qualified immunity to officers to protect them from lawsuits if the officers believed their actions were lawful based on the information they possessed at the time.

Back 134

• True

Front 135

Stress is a natural component of police work.

Back 135

• True

Front 136

Less-lethal weapons cannot offer a potential solution to incidents of “suicide by cop.”

Back 136

• False

Front 137

Private security personnel

Back 137

• Protect lives and private property

Front 138

In 2004 the International Association of Chiefs of Police found fault with America’s homeland security strategy because it

Back 138

• Was developed without seeking advice of local public safety organizations

Front 139

The collection and analysis of information to produce an intelligence end product designed to inform the police decision making at both the tactical and strategic levels.

Back 139

• Bivens action

Front 140

Since September 11, the need to share _________ across jurisdictions has become apparent.

Back 140

• Criminal intelligence

Front 141

Which of the following U.S. Supreme Court cases specified the conditions under which deadly force could be used to apprehend a suspected felon?

Back 141

• Tennessee v. Garner

Front 142

What division in a police department investigates charges that officers are guilty of wrong doing?

Back 142

• Internal Affairs

Front 143

__________ training can be used to control corruption.

Back 143

• Ethics

Front 144

Historically, officers were allowed to use deadly force to prevent the escape of a suspected felon. This was known as the

Back 144

• Fleeing felon rule

Front 145

Police subculture is transmitted primarily

Back 145

• Through informal socialization

Front 146

A recent study by the FBI found that most slain officers

Back 146

• Were good natured and well-liked by the community and department

Front 147

When a police officer arrests someone based on an improperly issued warrant.

Back 147

• The warrant protects the officer from liability