Adler, Jung, Sullivan, Horney

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Born in Vienna, Jewish birth but coverted to Christainity later in life.
Suffered from Rickets as infant. Pneumonia as child-> chose to be physician as a result.

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Alfred Adler--Individual Psychology.

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Avg student, but got into U.of Vienna where earned degree. Became physician, treated lower SES.
Was focused on: People ( artisit, tradespeople) develop skills in reaction to physical weakness in childhood.

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Alfred Adler--Individual Psychology

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1902- Invited by Freud to begin weekly series dealing with psychoanalysis, which eventually became Psychoanalytic Association.
Became 1st President of Psychoanalytic Association
1911- Resigned from position after significant disagreements with Freud:
1st conflict: disagreed with Freud's aggressive/assertiveness drive--> focused more on special interest
1907- " Organ Inferiority and Its Psychological Compensation"

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Alfred Adler

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Did not agree with Oedipal Complex--less concerned with human behavior in terms of drives, also Minimized interst in sex shaping personlity
-When he left the Psychoanalytic Association in 1911, 9 members left with him and formed --Society for Free Psychoanalytic Research"
*Highly influenced by Darwinian Theory
* Developed Social Psychological System, called it INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY
* Almost 1st person to talk about " positive psychology"

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Alfred Adler

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Inferiority is motivating force and leads to growth/improvement
* Inferiority complex" refers to ones inabiltiy to compensate for inferior feelings, then, ind is unable to deal with lifes challenges
* Compensation- Another basic motivation which meant-" Striving to overcome." His thoughts were that, " we all have problems, and we just want to be the best we can be"
* Superiority: universal drive; called it " will to power" rather than " agressive drive ( very different from instinctual drives)
* Free Will: Have the capacity to determine our own personality; experiences and abilities are related to environment and heredity, but how see these are interpreted and used provides basis of personality

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Alfred Adler

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this man was the 3rd child, and birth order played a large role in his theory
* Birth Order: believed B.O. contributed a lot to development of personality.
1ST BORN: hostile,center of attn, hard working, dependable conservative style develops
2nd BORN: ambitious ( tried to achieve success esp where 1st born has failed), rebellious, jealous
* Believed the 2nd s better adjusted, with youngest being spoiled

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Alfred Adler

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Psychological Types:
Ruling: idea characterized aggressive, dominant- strive for personal power
Leaning: ( like dependent personality disorder)- sensitive people who develop a shell around self to protect self.
Avoiding: people who avoid people in life, and avoid things in general--when pushed to limits become psycho
socially useful- healthy person *<HAS BOTH SOCIAL INTEREST AND ENERGY>

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Psychological Types: Adler

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He was just as much a contributor to American and European Psychology as Freud or Jung

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Alfred Adler

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3 situation for faulty prototypes:
1. Organ inferiorities:childhood disease causes overburden
2. Pampering:parents give into everything
3. Neglect:
* He thought personality types were fixed by age of 5

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Adler's faulty prototype situations

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* Very interested in Social Environment : HUGE SOCIAL INTEREST, unlike Freud
* Not reductionist like freud, that boiled it all down to biological..
* More interested in holistic, had to look at everything--and not everything is black and white"
* IDEA OF WHOLISM IS WHERE INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY COMES FROM

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Adler

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Idea is:
We all have different fictions in day to day living-
we all live as if we will live tomorrow, when its our own fiction that we make up
example: Heaven and Hell

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Adler's " Fictional Finalism"

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He didnt see men's assertiveness and success as innate ( biological) --rather, he saw them as being taught that way, IT WAS SOCIAL

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Adler's idea : Masculine Protest

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Belief that collective unconscious went far beyond personal unsconscious.
* Begin self-analysis as Freud had, by recording fantasies as a means of communicating with hius unconscious.
* Came to talk to a " person" within his own identity.
* Valued dreams equally, if not more than Freud- but his approach to analysis was different- used own dreams to make life decisions, i.e. what to major in college in

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Carl Jung- Analytic Psychology

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Background info:
*Lonely childhood, unhappy as a child.
- Had a strong relationship with Freud, which did end ( on not the best of terms, bc freud didnt end on good terms with people that disagreed with him
* Swiss, Christian, most educated of all in Psychoanalytic Society
* Studied Latin as a child, continously read ancient texts ( was interested in acheology, philosophy, but went for psychiatry--took position at hospital in Zurich under Bleuler ( coined "schizophrenia")

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Jung

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Called " psychic inheritance"
* idea of everything passed on by our species-
--> Symbolism found in this-symbols can be displayed during spiritual time
* this idea caused biggest schism

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Collective Unconscious

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a) EGO
b) Personal Unconscious (
c) Collective Unconscious/psychic inheritance

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Jung's : Analytic Psychology--Personality Theory

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Adler's view was different because Adler thought that we could never be conscious of collective unconscious, but it would just influence everything ( think: motivation of movement toward future comes from somewhere just dont know what it is)

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Alders ideas on Collective Unscioous