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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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is prescribed to treat alcohol dependence.
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Campral
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is thought to stabilize the chemical balance in the brain that would otherwise be disrupted by alcoholism, possibly by blocking glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, while gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptors are activated.
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Acamprosate
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How does Campral (acamprosate) work
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Reports indicate that acamprosate only works with a combination of attending support groups and abstinence from alcohol.
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Certain serious side effects of Campral
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include allergic reactions, irregular heartbeats, and low or high blood pressure, while less serious side effects include headaches, insomnia, and impotence.
Acamprosate should not be taken by people with kidney problems or allergies to the drug. |
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Helps families and friends of alcoholics recover from the effects of living with the problem drinking of a relative or friend.
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Al-ANON
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A natural substance formed by the reaction of fermenting sugar with yeast spores.
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alcohol (ETOH)
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List three class
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1. isopropyl rubbing
2. methanol wood 3. ethanol drinking |
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What can be classified as a food because it contains calories with no nutritional value?
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ETOH
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Malted Barley makes
grapes and berries makes malted grains makes (ferminated) molasses makes (ferminated) distilling wine fermented potatoes |
beer
grapes /berries whiskey rum brandy schnapps |
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What forms the concentration of ETOH ?
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DISTILLATION
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What is created during the fermentation of sugar contained in fruits and grains?
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ethyl alcohol
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What is the alcohol content of fermented beverages such as wine and beer?
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low alcohol content between 10 and 15 percent
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How can concentration of alcohol can be increased by ?
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distillation
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The result of distillation results in?
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hard liquor
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alcohol content of hard liquor is ?
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40 to 50 %
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The type of beverage you get from fermentation is determined by what?
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the source of sugar
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most common vegetable material containing sugar to make wine?
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grape juice
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grains fermented to make?
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beers
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is used to separate liquids from nonvolatile solids, as in the separation of alcoholic liquors from fermented materials
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Distillation
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the first two popular spirits
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brandy and whiskey
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another name for hard liquor
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distilled spirits also known as liqueurs
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made from a mixture of water and flavoring and pure alcohol distilled from any source
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gin and vodka
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difference between fermentation and distillation?
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fermented drinks rely on yeast to metabolize sugars producing alcohol as a waste product whereas distillation only increases the alcohol content by concentration
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ETOH CONTENT CAN BE GIVEN AS A ?
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% BY WEIGHT OR VOLUME because the specific gravity of alcohol in a percent by weight than the same percent by volume
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specific gravity of etoh
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.79
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alcohol content varies
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by the type of beverage
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beer
wine distilled beverages |
3 to 6 percent alcohol
10 to 20 percent ETOH 40 to 50 % |
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The average size drink , regardless of beverage contains what
12 OUNCES OF BEER 3 TO 5 OUNCES OF WINE I OUNCE OF WHISKEY |
same amount of ETOH (0.5OUNCE)
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ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF ETOH?
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PART OF HUMAN DIET FOR MILLIONS OF YEARS BECAUSE THEY WERE FRUGIVORES BUT ONLY MADE DELIBERATELY FOR ABOUT THE PAST 10,000 YEARS
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LIST THE DIFFERENT CIVILIZATION THAT USED ETOH?
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ASSYRIA, ANCIENT EGYPTIANS, HERODOTUS, GREEK HISTORIAN,
BABYLONIANS, ROMANS, |
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WHAT IS TO BE THE CAUSE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE?
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CONSUMPTION OF WINE
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What happens to etoh consumption during the years?
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IT CYCLES THROUGH OUT THE YEARS AT THE PRESENT USAGE IS DECLINING IN THE US
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IN THE LATE 1700'S WHAT DOCTOR WROTE ABOUT THE DANGEROUS PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, AND MORAL EFFECTS OF ETOH?
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DR. BENJAMIN RUSH
(WROTE A TEMPERANCE DOCUMENTS CALLED AN INQUIRY INTO THE EFFECTS OF ARDENT SPIRITS) |
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WHAT INSPIRED THE AMERICAN TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT?
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DR. BENJAMIN RUSH, ARTICLE CALLED AN INQUIRY INTO THE EFFECTS OF ARDENT SPIRITS
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WHAT AMENDMENT OUTLAW ETOH?
WHAT VOIDED THIS AMMENDMENT? |
18TH
21 ST AMENDMENT |
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how LONG DID PROHIBITION LAST?
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14 Years
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IN THE US HOW OFTEN DOES ETOH CONSUMPTION PEAK?
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60 TO 70 YEARS THEN IT DECLINES
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WHY DOES IT ETOH CONSUMPTION DECLINE?
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PERIODS OF DECLINE WERE ACCOMPANIED BY PREOCCUPATION WITH HEALTH AND MORALITY AND BY PUBLIC CONCERN OVER THE HARM THAT ETOH WAS DOING.
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ETOH LEVELS ARE MEASURES IN TERMS OF WHAT?
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THE CONCENTRATION OF ETOH IN WHOLE BLOOD
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WHAT DOES BAL MEAN
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BLOOD ETOH LEVEL
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TWO WAYS TO GET BAL?
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BLOOD SERUM
BREATHALYZER |
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WHAT EXERTS A DEPRESSANT EFFECT ON THE CNS RESULTING IN BEHAVIORAL AND MOOD CHANGES
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ETOH
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LEGAL LIMIT
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0.08 G/DL
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HOW IS ABL REPORTED?
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IN TERMS OF % OR MILLIGRAMS OF ETOH IN 100 MLS OF BLOOD OR IN SI UNITS
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NAME THE 3 PHASES OF ETOH CONSUMPTION?
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ABSORPTION - TAKES PLACE RAPIDLY
PLATEAU - TAPERS OFF AND EXCRETION LOWERS ETOH LEVELS (THIS IS THE PHASE THAT BLOOD LEVELS PEAK) |
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HOW IS ABL REPORTED?
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IN TERMS OF % OR MILLIGRAMS OF ETOH IN 100 MLS OF BLOOD OR IN SI UNITS
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NAME THE 3 PHASES OF ETOH CONSUMPTION?
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ABSORPTION - TAKES PLACE RAPIDLY
PLATEAU - TAPERS OFF AND EXCRETION LOWERS ETOH LEVELS (THIS IS THE PHASE THAT BLOOD LEVELS PEAK) |
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HOW ETOH IS ADMINISTERED
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ORALLY
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WHERE DOES ABSORPTION TAKES PLACE?
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IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT. SMALL AMTS ARE ABSORBED IN STOMACH BUT MOST TRAVELS TO THE SMALL INTESTINE WHERE ITS EASILY ABSORBED INTO THE BLOODSTREAM
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WHAT DOES ETOH DISSOLVE IN
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WATER AND PASSES IN THE BLOOD FROM THE STOMACH, INTESTINES AND COLON
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WHERE IS THE MOST ETOH ABSORBED RAPIDLY ?
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FROM THE SMALL INTESTINE
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WHAT DISTRIBUTES THE ETOH IN THE BODY TO THE MAJOR ORGANS?
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THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
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THE MAIN ENZYME IN THE STOMACH THAT KILLS ETOH?
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ETOH DEHYDROGENASE
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WHAT HAPPENS TO THE ETOH IF IT STAYS IN THE STOMACH?
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THE LONGER IT STAYS IN THE STOMACH LEADS TO SLOWER ABSORPTION INTO THE BLOOD WHICH LEADS TO FIRST PASS METABOLISM WHICH CAUSES THE LESS OF IT TO BE ABSORBED
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HOW DOES THE ETOH ABSORB FASTER ?
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IF THE STOMACH IS EMPTY THEN IT WILL BE DISTRIBUTE FASTER
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LIST TWO MEDICINES ( WHICH REDUCE ACIDITY) THAT CAN INCREASE THE BAL'S DEPENDING ON THE GIVEN AMOUNT OF ETOH?
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TAGAMET
ZANTAC |
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WHAT DOES TAGAMET AND ZANTAC DOE TO INCREASE THE BALS?
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IT KILLS THE ENZYME ETOH DEHYDROGENASE
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WHEN ARE PEAK BLOOD LEVELS HIGHER
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WHEN THERE IS NO FOOD IN THE STOMACH
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WHY ARE WOMEN MORE VULNERABLE TO ACUTE AND CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS OF ALCOHOLISM TO INCLUDE ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE
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BECAUSE THEY HAVE A LOWER LEVELS OF ETOH DEHYDROGENASE IN THERE STOMACHS WHICH LEADS MORE ETOH A WOMEN DRINKS GETS IN THE BLOOD WHICH RESULTS IN A HIGHER BAL
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HOW IS ETOH ABSORBED QUICKLY AND DISTRIBUTED EVENLY IN
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BODY WATER, IT CROSSES THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER
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Factors Influencing Alcohol Absorption
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GENDER
FOOD presence of food and the type of food in the gastrointestinal tract when alcohol is consumed |
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WHY Women absorb and metabolize alcohol differently from men.
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1. They have higher BAC's after consuming the same amount of alcohol as men and are more susceptible to alcoholic liver disease, heart muscle damage (8), and brain damage
2.Women's smaller amount of body water 3.women have lower activity of the alcohol metabolizing enzyme ADH in the stomach, causing a larger proportion of the ingested alcohol to reach the blood. 4.The combination of these factors may render women more vulnerable than men to alcohol-induced liver and heart damage |
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HOW DO ABSTAINERS AND MODERATE DRINKERS DIFFER?
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LOWER PEAK BAL'S
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WHERE IS Most of the alcohol consumed
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is metabolized in the liver, but the small quantity that remains unmetabolized permits alcohol concentration to be measured in breath and urine.
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The rate of alcohol metabolism depends,
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on the amount of metabolizing enzymes in the liver, which varies among individuals and appears to have genetic determinants
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