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53 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
(criteria for SUD or problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment)

substance is _____ taken in _____ amounts or over a longer period than was intended
often, larger
(criteria for SUD or problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment)

there is a persistent ______ or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or ________ use.
desire, control
(criteria for SUD or problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment)

A great deal of time is spent on activities necessary to ________ ______ _________, use the substance, or ________ from it
obtain the substance, recover
(criteria for SUD or problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment)

_______, or strong desire or urge to use the substance
craving
(criteria for SUD or problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment)

recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major _______ __________ at ______, ______, or _______
role obligations, work, school, home
(criteria for SUD or problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment)

Continued substance use despite having persistent or current ________ or ______ problems caused or worsened by the effects of the substance.
social, interpersonal
(criteria for SUD or problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment)

Important ______, ________ or _________ activities are given up or reduced because of sub abuse.
social, occupational, recreational
(criteria for SUD or problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment)

recurrent substance use in situations where it is ________ ________
physically hazardous
(criteria for SUD or problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment)

substance use is continued despite knowledge of having persistent or recurrent ________ or _________ problems that is likely to have been caused or worsened by substance use.
physical, psychological
__- __% of antisocial personality disorder have SUD at some point
80 90
Medical model: has never been proven; is a theoretical model. It involves ________ symptoms, _________ downward, if untreated: ________
specific, progression, death
medical model is also known as: (2)
disease model or biological model
what neurotransmitter is known as a risk factor and to cause adverse withdrawal?
CREB
What neurotransmitter is known as a risk factor that makes substance use more rewarding?
alpha (triangle) FOS B
what receptor site is known as a risk factor for SUD?
dopamine 2
_______ seratonin receptor sites can result in anxiousness, thrill seaking, ________, rule breaking,
reduced, suicidality
(names in studies of personality SUD types) describe type 1 (4):
late onset, harm avoidance, 75% anxiety issues, lower SES
(names in studies of personality SUD types) describe type 2 (3):
early onset (before 25), aggressive, criminal, thrill seeker
mentally ill folks are __ -___ times more at risk of SUD
2.5 - 3
define bioavailability:
amount of unchanged substance at site of action (brain/CNS)
define biotransformation:
process of changing the substance into a form that can be eliminated
what's it called when a substance first hits the liver and the effects are diluted (somewhat)
first pass metabolism
(methods of administration)

digestive (pills)
emeteral
(methods of administration)
piercing the skin (shooting heroin)
parenteral
(methods of administration)

on the skin (morphine patch)
transdermal
(methods of administration)

nose (snort coke)
intranasal
(methods of administration)

lungs (smoking weed)
inhalation
(methods of administration)

under the tongue (fentanol sucker)
sublingal
what causes the asian flush?
missing an enzyme that breaks alcohol down. causing buildup more quickly and then body rejects it
glutamate is known as the __________ _____. and how is it produced?
excitement drug. when alcohol is excessiely drank and body produces it because dopamine sites are reduced (because they were overwhelmed) and glutamate counteracts the reduction of dopamine.
alcohol is an _______ on the glutamate site
antagonist
define upregulation:
when receptor sites in cell may be added
define downregulation:
receptor sites in cell may diminish
common (desirable) effects of psychoactive drugs (3):
dopamine: blocks re-uptake of dopamine, lowers seratonin levels after.
too much dopamine --->
schizophrenia symptoms
too little dopamine ---- >
parkinson's
too much dopamine can suppress _______
seratonin
around ___% of drug users / drinkers will develop a problem
10
simple word to describe neuroadaptation:
tolerance
define pro-drug:
a drug that doesn't effect you in its natural form. When it biotransforms, it does effect you... its metabolite impacts you.
example of a pro-drug
heroin
drinks can be naturally made with up to ___-___% of alcohol.
14-15%
#1 killer:
tobacco
the chemical that helps you relax, have less anxiety, and have more control is _______. this is reduced by alcohol consumption.
GABA
what does the mu opiod receptor site do:
relaxes you / breathing,
sigma opiod receptor site is responsible for:
nausea and vomiting when it is triggered
heavy drinking can cause what in the brain?
less creatine - the shakes/nerve ending damage
heavy drinking can cause what in the liver?
glutathione -- > hepatitus -- > serosis -- > liver failure
heavy drinking can cause what in the heart?
breaks down the muscle
binge drinking for women and men:
4 drinks, 5 drinks
heavy drinking for women and men:
3 drinks, 4 drinks
what is the antabuse for the asian flush?
Aldehyde dahydrogenase
the most commonly abused legal drug in the U.S. is _______. and the most commonly abused illicit drug is _______
alcohol, marijuana