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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AP foot
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-Perp to IR or 15 degrees cephalad(toward heel)
-Enters base of 3rd metatarsal |
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Oblique Foot
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Used when patient cannot flex knee With medial side touching IR,
place IR 30 degrees from the plantar surface of foot Perp to IR, entering at the level of the base of the 5th metatarsal(palpate tuberosity), halfway between medial and lateral sides of foot |
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Lateral Foot
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Perp to IR, entering middle of foot
Place IR on medial or lateral side of foot IR perp to plantar surface Flex ankle 90 degrees if possible |
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C Spine Lateral Dorsal
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Horizontal and Perpendicular to C4
x- table lateral always first image SID 180 relax shoulders if possible No grid |
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Swimmers
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-Directed horizontal and perpendicular to C7/T1
-angle stretcher/spinal board if patient unable to separate shoulders - breathing technique if possible -collimate closely -compensating filter over proximal cervical -loer cervical and upper thoracic vertabrae in profile -spinous process |
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Lateral Dorsal Decubitis of the Skull
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- Horizontal and perpendicular to 5cm superior to EAM
- cervical injuries must be ruled out first - elevate skull on radiolucent pad to avoid clipping -profile of SI cranium - Sella Turcica in profile -Detail of side closer -Air/ Fluid in sphenoid sinuses (intra cranial damaga) |
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AP Axial (reverse Caldwell)
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- 15 degrees angle with OML entering nasian (cephalic if OML perpendicular to IR)
- entry point becomes exit point -Position CR and IR - anterior structures appear magnified compared to standard Caldwell - entire cranium -Petrous ridges lower 1.3 of orbits -symmetry |
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Acanthioparietal (reverse Waters)
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- Directed to MML entering acanthion
- entry pony becomes exit point vice versa - position CT and IR if on spinal precautions - anterior structures appear magnified compared to standard -superior facial bones - PP below maxillary - symmetry of face |
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AP oblique Transcapular Lateral Y of shoulder
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- perp to mid lateral border of scapula
- rotate patient 45 degrees - humeral head and glenoid cavity superimposed - humeral head and scapular body superimposed - no superimposition of scapular body over thorax -acrominon projected lateral free of superimposition - scapula in lateral profile with lateral and vertebral borders superimposed |
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AP supin scapula
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- perpendicular to the point 1" inferior to the coracoid process
- hand against though, epicondyles at 45 degrees |
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AP shoulder with internal rotation
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- Grid required
- centered to coracoid process - humerus in lateral position - Respiration suspended - CR perpendicular to the film, entering coracoid process A |
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AP shoulder with external rotation
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- Grid Required
- centered to coracoid process - humerus is palced in AP position - REspiration suspended - CR perpendicular to the film entering coracoid process |
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AP oblique Judet Internal (LPO) Hip
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- perpendicular to the IR and entering 2" inferior to ASIS of affected side used for suspected fracture of the iliopubic column (anterior) and posterior rum
- elevate affected side so anterior of the body forms 45 degrees with the table -Acetabulum centered to IR - iliopubic column and posterior rim of acertabulum on internal oblique |
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AP oblique Judet View External (RPO) Hip
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- perp to IR entering Pubic symphysis
- Used if patient suspects fracture of ilioischial column and the anterior rum of acetabulum - elevate unaffected side so anterior body forms 45 degrees with table - acetabulum centered to IR -ilioischial column and anterior rim of acetabulum on external oblique |
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AP axial outlet of pelvis
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- directed (men 20-35) (women 30-45) degrees cephalic and centred to a point 2" distal to the superior border of pubic symphysis
- used when additional view of anterior Pelvis are required -afjust pelbis for no rotation -flex knees with support if patient needs mor comfort -pubic and ischial bones magnified with pubic bones superimposed over sacrum and coccyx -symmetric obturator foramina -pubic and ischial rami near the centre of the radiograph - hip joints |
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Superinferior Axial Inlet of Pelvis
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- 40 degrees caudal entering level of ASIS
- used to view anterior pelbis -adjust pelvis for no rotation 0flex knees with support if patient needs more comfort - medially superimposed superior and inferior rami of pubic bones - nearly superimposed lateral ⅔ of the ischial bones -symmetric pubes and ischial spines -hip joints -anterior pelvic bones |
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modified axiolateral of proximal femur (clements nakamaya)
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- Directed 15 degrees posteriorly and aligned perpendicular to the femoral neck and grid
- used when neither legs can be raise - limbs remain neutral or slightly externally rotated - ensure lower edge of Frid IR is below patient - positionfrig so lines are parallel with floor - adjust grid lines parallel to femoral neck and tilt top back 15 degrees - hip joint with acetabulum -femoral head neck and trochanters -orthapedic appliances in entirety |
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AP projection of Elbow
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- shoulder joint, humerus and elbow in same plane
-extended elbow supinated hand and centre to IR -humeral epicondyles are parallels wit IR - supinate hand to prevent rotation -CR perpendicular to the elbow joint - 3" proximal and distal to elbow joint - radial head, neck and tuberosity slightly superimposed over proximal ulna - open elbow joint - no rotation of humeral epicondyles |
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Elbow Distal humerus AP projection partial flexion
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- patient cannot completely extend elbow
-entire humerus in same place - supports elevated hand - if possible support hand, IR under elbow -CR : perpendicular to the humerus traversing the elbow joint depending on angle of the flexion CR distal to the joint - distal humerus without rotation/distortion -proximal radius superimposed over ulna -close elbow joint -greatly foreshortened proximal forearm |
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Proximal forearm partial flexion
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- hand supinated
- dorsal surface of the forearm against table with IR under forearm - CR perpendicular to the elbow joint and long axis of the forearm - prozimal ulna and radius without rotation - radial head neck tuberosity slightly superimposed over ulna -partially open elbow joint - foreshortened distal humerus |
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DIstal humerus AP projection with acute flexion
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-elbow fully flexed
- CR perpendicular to the humerus approximately 2" superior to the olecranon - forearm and arm superimposed - no rotation - olecranon process and distal humerus |
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Axiolateral coyle
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CR seated- 45 degrees towards the shoulder
CR supine 45 degrees cephalad angled to radial head entering the joint mid elbow - humerus wrist and elbow in same plane pronate hand and flex elbow at 90 degrees -open joint spar between radial head and capitulum - radial head and neck and tuberosity in profile free of superimposition -humeral epicondyles distorted - radial head facing posteriorly |
