Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the etiology of "floppy flipper" dz in sea turtles?
|
Clostridium botulinum
|
|
|
What is the etiologic agent of SCUD?
|
Citrobacter freundii
|
|
|
Besides chelonians, what species does C. freundii affects?
|
frogs; causes ulcers and septicemia
|
|
|
What dz is caused by Beneckea chitinovora?
|
Ulcerative shell dz of fresh H2O turtles. Also in lobsters, crayfish, and crabs
|
|
|
Name 5 causes of gout:
|
1. x-s protein consumption
2. x-s purines 3. aminoglycoside toxicity 4. dehydration 5. renal dz |
|
|
Which sea turtles are diurnal nesters?
|
Kemp ridley
|
|
|
Name the # of cervical vertebra for:
a. chelonians b. crocodilians c. lizards |
a. chelonians-8
b. crocodilians-9 c. lizards 3-9 |
|
|
Which species of sea turtles is partially endothermic?
|
Leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea)
|
|
|
Name 3 fish species high in unsaturated FA
|
smelt, mullet, mackerel
|
|
|
Name the pathophisiology/effects of feeding diets with high FA.
|
cause hypovitaminosis E
Unsaturated FA are peroxidized into ceroidn pigments that accumulate in the tissues leading to steatitis. |
|
|
Describe the cycle of Entamoeba invadens
|
Cysts ingested by reptile are transformed into trophozoites in the GI. Then 3 events can happen:
1. shed non-path trophs 2. trophs migrate to tissues 3. shed path cysts |
|
|
Which group of reptiles are usually asymptomatic carriers of Entamoeba invadens?
|
chelonians
|
|
|
Like in mammals, Crytosporidium is a disease of young animals in reptiles.
True or False |
False: it affects adult reptiles and young mammals.
|
|
|
What disease is caused by Fusarium semitectum?
|
Necrotizing scute dz of Texas tortoises
|
|
|
Describe the blood flow from the limbs and tail as it relates ot the RPS in RES.
|
1. tail to kidney or liver
2. cd. limbs to liver |
|
|
RPS effects on carbenicillin and gentocin
|
Carbenicillin: tubular secretion; first pass effect not clinically relevant
gentocin: GFR metabolism; no effect |
|
|
Which of the following has been implicated as a culprit species for B. dendrobatidis?
a. Rana castebiana b. Amblyoma tigrinum c. Rana muscosa d. Dendrobates tinctorius |
A.TRUE: Rana castebiana -NA bull frog and Xenopus are implicated w/ BD.
b. Amblyoma tigrinum-tiger salamander c. Rana muscosa -mountain yellow legged frog d. Dendrobates tinctorius-dyeing dart frog |
|
|
Which of the following is TRUE about Ranaviruses in herptiles?
a. high mortality of adult salamanders b. Xenopus laevis is possible vector c. intracytoplasmic inclusions are common in chelonians d. higher prevalence in areas with flowing water e. chelonians share the same viral species |
a. false, there is actually high larval mortality
b. TRUE, Xenopus are resistant and possible vectors c. false, inclusions are rare in chelonians d. false, higher prevalence is actually seen in standing water e. false, chelonians have different virus variants |
|
|
Whihc of the following would be your top differential for an adult boa with opisthotonus, regurgitation, head tilt and pneumonia?
a. retrovirus b. Cryptosporidium c. organophosphate toxicity d. trauma |
A. RETROVIRUS - suspected etiology of IBD
JHMS 05 15(2) |
|
|
Mycoplasma iguana has an MIC profile that most closely resembles that of which other Mycoplasma?
a. M. crocodyli b. M. insons c. M. alligatoris d. M. pneumoniae |
C. M. alligatoris
M. iguana had the exact same MIC profile. M. insons was found as normal flora in green iguanas. JZWM 07 38(2):348 - says M. iguana unlikely to cause acute dz d/t failure to infect study subjects JZWM 06 37(2):206-says M iguana caused dz w/ vertebral abscesses and wallerian degeneration of the cord |
|
|
Which of the following is the most common Mycobateria isolated from amphibians?
a. M. terrae b. M. chelonei c. M. avium d. M. marinum e. M. szulgai |
D. M marinum and M xenopi are the two most common isolates but the others have been reported
JZWM 06 37(1):55 |
|
|
In which of the following species is Mycobateriosis most common?
a. Amblyoma tigrinum b. Pipa pipa c. Bufo marinus d. Rana muscosa |
B. Pipa pipa the Surinam toad and Xenopus are the two most common species in which Mycobacteria are isolated
|
|
|
Which of the following is more commonly associated with osteomyeitis in Crotalus spp.?
a. Salmonella enterica arizonae b. Salmonella enterica diarizonae c. Salmonella enterica typhi d. Salmonella enterica typhimurium e. Salmonella enterica bongori |
A. Salmonella enterica arizonae has a strong assoc w/ osteomyelitis in Crotalids (rattle snakes). S. e. diarizonae is also commonly isolated but S. e. arizonae has a stronger assoc.
JZWM06 37(3):306 |
|
|
Which of the follwoing is true about xanthomatosis in Eublepharis macularius (leopard gecko)?
a. reported on skin only b. are not cholesterol based c. female association d. reported in hatchlings |
C. there appears to be an apparent female association with xanthomatosis in leopard geckos
JHMS07 17(3):92 |
|
|
What is the primary type of tumor reported in lizards?
a. hepatic b. cutaneous c. CNS d. hematopoietic e. musculoskeletal |
D. hematopoietic
JZWM 05 36(1):103 |
|
|
What is the most common bacteria isolated from the cloaca of live stranded Caretta caretta?
a. E. coli b. Proteus mirabillis c. Proteus vulgaris d. Citrobacter freundi e. Providencia rettgeri |
E. coli > Proteus mirabillis > Proteus vulgaris > Citrobacter freundi > Providencia rettgeri
|
|
|
What is the most common cause of death in captive sea kraits?
a. pneumonia b. sepsis c. lymphoid neoplasia d. parasitemia |
B. sepsis was cause of death in all snakes but enteritis, pneumonia, lymphoid tumors, and parasites were contributing factors
JZWM 08 39(4):626 |
|
|
What is the most common bacteria isolated from nasal and cloacal swabs of nesting Chelonia mydas?
a. Staph aureus b. Klebsiella pneumoniae c. E. coli d. Serratia sp. |
b. Klebsiella pneumoniae
JZWM 06 37(4):549 |
|
|
Which of the following is observed in chelonians infected with Entamoeba invadens?
a. acute death b. enteritis c. colitis d. liver abscess e. no disease |
E. No disease, chelonians are considered carriers b/c E. invadens is a commensal, however they can get sever signs but as a general rule due not. All other signs are observed in other reptiles.
JZWM 08 39(2):201 |
|
|
Which of the following Herpes serotypes is primarily found in Gopherus agassizii?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 |
1-severe dz in naive species
2-low morb and mort 3-CA desert tortoise-G. agassizii |
|
|
What is the primary opioid receptor type in the brain of turtles?
a. alpha b. beta c. mu d. delta |
D. delta receptors protect against hypoxic stress and may explain higher tolerance for anoxia in reptiles
JHMS 06 16(3) |
|
|
Buprenorphine administration to Trachemys scripta elegans reached better concentrations when administered in the front limbs.
a. true b. false |
A TRUE
JZWM 08 39(4):590 |
|
|
Butorphanol pre-medication in green iguanas led to a faster induction with sevoflurane versus isoflurane.
a. true b. false |
B. FALSE-no difference seen
JZWM 05 36(2):169 |
|
|
Sevoflurane had a faster induction and recovery in monitors as compared to isoflurane.
a. true b. false |
B. false, there was faster induction but no difference in recovery
JZWM 05 36(1):62 |
|
|
Which of the following is TRUE about Antimicrobial Peptides (AMP)?
a. lower pH of skin b. hydrophilic molecules c. effect is influenced by temperature d. lack B. dendrobatidis activity |
C. AMP's are hydrophobic, cationic molecules prod by granular skin glands of amphibians. They bind negatively charged residues in microbial cell membrane to create pores that lyse the cells. Their effects are highly influenced by tempertaure with larva infected with ATV surviving at 26oC but having fatal effects below 18oC. AMP's also have Bd and ranavirus activity,
JWD 08 44(2):226 |
|
|
In which species of turtles was EDTA shown to be superior to lithium heparin?
a. map turtles b. red eared sliders c. snapping turtles d. cooters e. soft shelled turtles |
A. map turtles
JHMS 07 17(2) |
|
|
Plasma samples from sea turtles stored cool for 100 hours may have which of the following alterations?
a.low protein b. high UA c. low K d. high GGT e. low AST |
B. High UA and AST, low GGT and Glu are seen after 96hrs of storage
|
|
|
Which of the following sutures would be best for use in sea turtles?
a. polyglactin 910 b. chromic gut c. Poliglecarpone 25 d. nylon |
c. Poliglecarpone 25 (monocryl) and Polyglyconate (maxon) were best in Caretta caretta; polyglactin 910 (vycril) was the worst
JHMS 04 14(4):6 |
|
|
Which of the follwoing is TRUE about the ophidian heart and circulatory system?
a. 3 chambers within the ventricle b. 4 vena cava c. 2 arterial trunks d. no sinus venosus |
A. 3 chambers within the ventricle, sinus venosus opens into the R atria, there are 3 vena cava and 3 arterial trunks
JHMS 06 16(3) |
|
|
What is the recommended crude fiber for Galapagos tortoise (Geochelone nigra)diets?
a. 20-30% b. 30-40% c. 40-60% d. 60-70% |
b. 30-40%
High dietary fiber led to lower digestibility Zoo Bio 05 24:185 |
|
|
Which of the following is TRUE about reptile eggs?
a. amniotic b. lack extraembryonic membrane c. susceptible to dessication d. gelatinous |
A. TRUE, reptiles have amniotic eggs with extraembryonic membrane, are resistant to dessication, have yolk for energy and provide Ig's for up to a year to hatchlings
chorion > allantois > amnion > yolk sac Jacobson Ch 1 |
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a feature of Rhynocephalia?
a. males lack copulatory organ b. lack middle ear and tympanic membrane c. have gastralia d. live at 12oC to 16oC e. carry out external fertilization |
a. TRUE: males lack copulatory organ
b.TRUE: lack middle ear and tympanic membrane c. TRUE: have gastralia d. TRUE: live at 12oC to 16oC e. FALSE: carry out external fertilization |
|
|
Which of the following is TRUE about ecdysis in reptiles?
a. is controlled by adrenal glands b. thyroid hormones inhibit ecdysis in lizards c. ecdysis has a resting phase followed by 5 stages of epidermal renewal d. thyroid tumors will cause excess ecdysis in snakes |
a. False: is controlled by adrenal glands
-Controlled by pituitary-thyroid axis b. False:thyroid hormones inhibit ecdysis in lizards -They stim ecdysis in lizards inhibit in snakes C. TRUE:ecdysis has a resting phase followed by 5 stages of epidermal renewal d. FALSE: thyroid tumors will cause excess ecdysis in snakes -This would inhibit ecdysis Jacobson Ch 1. |
|
|
What dentition is found in crocodilians?
a. acrodont b. thecodont c. pleurodont |
a. acrodont-teeth atatch to biting surface: tuataras and lizards
B. thecodont-teeth in sockets: crocodilians c. pleurodont-teeth sit on a ledge on lingual aspect: lizards and snakes *snake teeth may actually be modified thecodont Jacobson Ch 1 |
|
|
List the number of cervical vertebra for each group:
chelonians crocodilians lizards and tuataras varanids chameleons |
chameleons - 3 to 5
chelonians - 8 lizards and tuataras - 8 crocodilians - 9 varanids - 9 Jacobson Ch 1 |
|
|
Which of the following describes Elapids?
a. opistoglyphs b. proteoglyophs c. solenoglyphs d. aglyphs |
a. opistoglyphous-colubrids
B. proteoglyphous-elapids c. solenoglyphous-viperids d. aglyphous-non-colubrids and some colubrids |
|
|
Which of the following has incomplete tracheal rings?
a. Alligator mississippiensis b. Trachemys scripta c. Chelonia mydas d. Python regius |
D. Python regius
Snakes and lizards have incomplete rings while Crocodilians and Chelonians have Complete (CCC) |
|
|
Whic of the following is not part of the mixed viral assocaited GI disesae of snakes?
a. adenovirus b. parvovirus c. coronavirus d. picornavirus e. herpes virus |
c. coronavirus
Jacobson Ch9 |
|
|
Which of the following is a DNA enveloped virus with intranuclear inclusions?
a. poxvirus b. iridovirus c. herpes virus d. adenovirus e. circovirus |
a. poxvirus - DNA, E, cyto
b. iridovirus-DNA, E or NE, cyto C. herpes virus-DNA, E, nuclear d. adenovirus-DNA,NE, nuclear e. circovirus-DNA, NE, nucear or cyto |
|
|
Which of the following is an RNA virus that typically has no inclusions?
a. paramyxo virus b. flavivirus c. papillomavirus d. calicivirus e. rhabdovirus |
a. paramyxo virus-RNA, E, nuclear or cyto
B. flavivirus and togavirus-RNA, E, cyto w/ no inclusions c. papillomavirus-DNA, NE, nuclear d. calicivirus-RNA, NE, cyto e. rhabdovirus-RNA, E, cyto, no dz in reptiles |
|
|
Which of the following bacteria is incriminated in the pathology of Citrobacter freundii in turtles?
a. Pseudomonas b. Aeromonas c. Listeria d. Serratia e. Clostridium |
D.Serratia causes proteolysis of tissues and may predispose to Citrobacter infection
a. Pseudomonas-stomatitis b. Aeromonas-respiratory c. Listeria-food source in Pogona e. Clostridium-floppy flipper dz |
|
|
Which of the folloiwng is the etiology of necrotizing scute disease in Gopherus berlandieru?
a. Fusarium semitectum b. Citrobacter freundii c. Paecilomyces d. unknown etiology |
a. Fusarium semitectum causes necrotizing scute dz in Texas tortoise
|
|
|
Which of the follwoing has been associated with excess limbs in boreal toads?
a. Rhabdia b. hemoprotozoa c. Ribeiroia d. Flavobacterium |
c. Ribeiroia- trematode for which amphibians are usu IH but associated w/ x-s limbs in some anurans
|
|
|
You are asked to help with a case of illegal poaching of sea turtles and asked to ID the shell remnants of one animal. There are 5 vertebral scutes , and 4 pairs of coastal/lateral scutes, and they overlap caudally. What is the genus and species?
a. Chelonia mydas b. Caretta caretta c. Lepidochelys kempii d. Eretmochelys imbricata e. Lepidochelys olivacea |
a. Chelonia mydas (green) - 4 lateral, no overlap
b. Caretta caretta (loggerhead)- 5 lateral w/ 3 bridge scutes c. Lepidochelys kempii (kemp's ridley) - 5 lateral w/ 4 bridge scutes with pores D. Eretmochelys imbricata (hawksbill)-4 lateral, scutes overlap e. Lepidochelys olivacea (olive ridley)- 6 lateral w/ 4 bridge scutes |
|
|
What is the most common location of oxyurids in chelonians?
a. stomach b. cranial duodenum c. cranial colon d. caudal colon e. cecum |
C. cranial colon, tends to have subdivisions in herbivorous chelonians
|
|
|
In most chelonians the pancreas is associated with which organ?
a. stomach b. duodenum c. liver d. spleen |
D. spleen except Pleurodirans (side necked turtles) which have a separate spleen and pancreas
|
|
|
Name the 3 bones of the pectoral girdle in chelonians:
|
scapula, coracoid, and acromion
plus the procoracoid in aquatic spp. |
|
|
Which of the following usually nests during the day?
a. Chelonya midas b. Caretta caretta c. Dermochelys coriacea d. Lepidochelys kempi e. Eretmochelys imbricata |
D. Lepidochelys kempi have primary sponge diet and nests during the daytime
|
|
|
A diet of fish and squid for captive sea turtles can lead to what dz?
a. hypovitaminosis A b. iron deficiency c. low potassium d. low magnesium |
b. iron deficiency
|
|
|
What is the primary tissue affected by E. invadens infection in snakes and lizrads?
a. liver b. small intestine c. heart d. colon |
d. colon
|
|
|
Which of the following parasites is known for causing pitting ulcers on the plastron of turtles?
a. Physaloptera b. Bothridium c. Spirorchids d. kalicephalus e. Spirometra |
a. Physaloptera-gastric strongyle of lizards
b. Bothridium-python cestode C. Spirorchids-trematode causing plastron ulcers and pneumonia in turtles d. Kalicephalus-hookworm of snakes e. Spirometra -cestode |
|
|
What lungworm has been identified in sea turtles?
a. Angiostoma b. Rhabdia c. Parelastrongylus d. Ozobranchus |
a. Angiostoma carettae from loggerheads
|
|
|
The nasolabiall groove is found in what Family of amphibians?
a. Ambystomatidae b. Plethodontidae c. Hylidae d. Caeciliidae |
a. Ambystomatidae-mole salamanders
B. Plethodontidae-lungless salamanders, groove enhances chemoreception c. Hylidae-tree frogs d. Caeciliidae- caecilians |
|
|
Short tongue syndrome of anurans has been associated with what?
a. herpes virus b. hypocalcemia c.neuritis d. hypovitaminosis A |
d. hypovitaminosis A- over 50% of animals have squamous metaplasia and respond to Vit A supplementation. Also reported when a feed was mixed incorrectly and had 20% of required vit A
|
|
|
Which of the follwoing is NOT a histopathologic stage of B. dendrobatidis?
a. uninucleate vegetative form b. multinucleate endosporulating stage c. thick walled multispored cyst d. attached zoospore |
D. attached zoospore
These are the stages on light microscopy 1.uninucleate vegetative form 2. multinucleate endosporulating stage 3. thick walled multispored cyst |
|
|
Which of the follwoing antibiotics has bacteriostatic action?
a. Marbofloxacin b. Gentamicin c. Ceftazidime d. Doxycycline |
d. Doxycycline
Cidal: Aminoglycosides, Cephalopsorins, Fluoroquinolones, and Sulphonamides |
|
|
Where does the net clearance of urates occur in reptiles?
a. glomerulus b. proximal tubule c. distal tubule d. collecting duct |
b. proximal tubule
Proximal tubular secretion is directly dependent on GFR. |
|
|
What electrolyte change may be observed with a dysfunction of the distal tubule of the kidney in reptiles?
a. low Na, high K b. low K, high Na c. low Cl, high Na d. low P, high Cl |
a. low Na, high K
|
|
|
Which of the following does NOT confer resistance to B. dendrobatidis in certain frog populations?
a. high fecundity b. generalized niche c. low environmental temperatures |
C. low environmental temperatures
high fecundity,generalized niche, and high environmental temperatures are factors that may confer resistance to Bd in certain frog populations JWD07 43(3):450 |
|
|
Which of the following species has tadpoles that suffer high mortalities from Bd?
a. leopard frog b. bull frog c. boreal toads d. mountain yellow legged frogs |
c. boreal toads larvae die from Bd
JWD08 44(3):716 |
|
|
Which of the following is false regarding sea turtle fibropapillomatosis?
A) FP is more common on the gulf coast of Florida B) FP is more common in off shore areas C) FP is unaffected by sea turtle density D) FP was most common in the fall and winter E) FP is more common in turtles of intermediate size |
B) FP is more common in off shore areas
|
|
|
Which of the following is false regarding sea turtle fibropapillomatosis?
A) FP turtles are more likely to be entangled in fishing line B) FP turtles are more likely to have propeller injury C) FP turtles have the same susceptibility to shark bite as nonFP turtles D) Incidence of FP turtles increased from the 1980s to the 1990s E) FP disease has spread to turtles of the carribean |
B) FP turtles are more likely to have propeller injury
*FP turtles are less likely to have propeller injury |
|
|
True or False. Alligators with WNV have necrotizing, heterophilic hepatitis. Alligators with Mycoplasma have periportal to portal lymphocytic hepatitis.
|
True or False. Alligators with WNV have necrotizing, heterophilic hepatitis. Alligators with Mycoplasma have periportal to portal lymphocytic hepatitis.
TRUE |
|
|
True or False. Alligators with WNV have interstitial pneumonia. Alligators with mycoplasma have proliferative pneumonia
|
True or False. Alligators with WNV have interstitial pneumonia. Alligators with mycoplasma have proliferative pneumonia
TRUE |
|
|
True or False. Alligators with WNV have myocardial necrosis. Alligators with mycoplasma have fibrinous pericarditis
|
True or False. Alligators with WNV have myocardial necrosis. Alligators with mycoplasma have fibrinous pericarditis
TRUE |
|
|
Which variant of chelonian fibropapillomatosis associated herpesvirus is most common outside the Indian river lagoon?
A) Variant A B) Variant B C) Variant C D) Variant D E) Variant E |
A) Variant A
*Variant A is most commonly found outisde the Indian River lagoon. Variant B is the most commonly found virus in the Indian river lagoon and is not found outside Indian river lagoon. JWD05 vol3 |
|
|
What lifestage do sea turtles most commonly become infected with fibropapillomatosis associated herpesvirus?
A) Transovarially B) Hatchlings C) Post-hatchlings headed to off-shore areas D) Juveniles returning to near-shore areas E) During breeding |
D) Juveniles returning to near-shore areas
JWD05 vol3 |
|
|
Which of the following has caused a decline in Gopher Tortoises?
A) Ranavirus 1 B) Calicivirus C) Entamoeba D) Mycobacteria E) Mycoplasma agassizii |
E) Mycoplasma agassizii
JWD05 vol4 |
|
|
True or false Alterations in alligator embryo growth and development are correlated to concentration of organophosphates in the yolk.
|
False. There is no statistical correlation to these defects.
|
|
|
Which of the following lesions is not seen histopathologically in alligator eggs exposed to organophosphates?
A) Pneumonia B) Pulmonary edema C) Atelectasis D) Pancreatitis E) Hepatic lipidosis |
D) Pancreatitis
*Less common findings include gastritis, enteritis, and nephritis. Many problems appeared to be caused by bacterial infection. JWD06 vol1 |
|
|
Which of the following is false regarding ranavirus infection in frogs?
A) Exposure to water from a contaminated pond results in disease B) Exposure to sediment from a contaminated pond results in sublethal disease C) Exposure to a deceased frog that died of ranavirus results in acute massive die-offs D) Mortality from ranavirus can be as high as 90% E) Carcass scavenging is an effective means of exposure to ranavirus |
A) Exposure to water from a contaminated pond results in disease
*Ranavirus can be transmitted by exposure to tadpoles infected with ranavirus. The incidence of disease and rate at which deaths begins to occur increases if the tadpoles are exposed to infected tadpoles (even if in a pond with a barricade to physically separate frogs). The incidence is further increased if the tadpoles are allowed to consume the carcasses of the infected tadpoles. Exposure of tadpoles to substrate of ponds with ranavirus outbreak caused disease, though at a slower rate and with no mortality. Exposure to water from ponds with ranavirus outbreak did not cause disease. JWD06 vol2 |
|
|
What is the cause of upper respiratory disease in free-ranging box turtles in Virginia?
A) Herpesvirus B) Iridovirus C) Ranavirus D) Mycoplasma E) Influenzavirus |
D) Mycoplasma
*This disease is similar but distinct from the M. agassizii infection seen in Gopher tortoises of the western U.S. JWD06 vol2 |
|
|
Disseminated visceral coccidosis in flap-shelled turtles is associated with all of the following postmortem signs except?
A) Eustachitis B) Pharyngitis C) Rhinitis D) Enteritis E) Encephalitis |
E) Encephalitis
*Also had pneumonia. The organisms were found in the liver and kidney but were not associated with significant inflammation. JWD06n vol4 |
|
|
Which of the following was identified in the Asian yellow pond turtle (Ocadia sinensis)?
a. no seasonal variation in plasma chemistry or blood cell parameters b. no difference in parameters between sexes during the reproductive season c. heterophils had a strong positive reaction to benzidine peroxidase stain d. white blood cells showed specific surface morphology by electron microscopy e. thrombocytes had a negative reaction to periodic acid-Schiff stain |
c. heterophils had a strong positive reaction to benzidine peroxidase stain
-eos had a moderate positive to benzidine peroxidase stain -marked seasonal variation in all except mean hemoglobin, monocytes:heterophils, and creatinine -differences b/n sexes and seasons assoc w/ repro cycle -no distinctive surface characteristics of WBC by EM -thrombocytes had a positive reaction to periodic acid-Schiff stain JZWM 09 40(1):76 |
|
|
Which of the follwoing therapies was effective in treatment of a sea turtle impacted with plastic foreign bodies?
a. endoscopic retrieval b. plastronotomy with enterotomy c. coeliotomy with colonostomy d. a combination of fresh water environment and excercise e. prokinetics and mineral oil orally or by enemas |
e. prokinetics and mineral oil orally or by enemas
JZWM 09 40(1):196 |
|
|
Which of the following is true about cases of compressive myelopathy of the cervical spine in Komodo dragons?
a. affected vertebra were C1-C2 in all cases b. was only confirmed via MRI or CT scan c. all died within 6 months of presentation d. only the front limbs had evidence of paresis e. all affected individuals could be traced by to a single sire |
b. was only confirmed via MRI or CT scan
-C1-C4 -died or euth b/n 4days to 12 months post presentation -ataxia, paraparesis, tetraparesis, or tetraplegia, stupor, scoliosis, anorexia, etc. -no mention of single genetic influence -trauma association and unknown etiology JZWM 09 40(1):207 |
|
|
What was the only type of endoparasite identified in a survey of spiny-tailed lizards from Abu Dhabi?
a. ascarids b. trichomonas c. trematodes d. tricuris e. cryptosporidium |
a. ascarids
JZWM 09 40(3):445 |
|
|
Which of the following is true about lead and zinc levels in green iguana?
a. agamids have higher plasma and liver values of lead and zinc than green iguanas b. a positive correlation was established between liver and plasma levels of zinc but not lead c. it is recommended to measure tissue levels on a wet basis for better accuracy d. values in iguanas differ from those reported in any other reptile species e. iguanas had higher plasma zinc than reported in any other lizard species species |
a. agamids have higher plasma and liver values of lead and zinc than green iguanas
-no correlation b/n blood and liver levels for lead or zinc -dry-weight measurements are best -iguana values similar to mammals and other reptiles (marine turtles in particular) -Scincidae (skinks), Varanidae, and agamids have higher Zn levels than iguanas JZWM 09 40(3):495 |
|
|
Which of the following is true about pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in loggerhead sea turtles?
a. MIC was not reached at any of the doses tested b. IV administration but not IM was effective for organisms with an MIC ≥ 1 µg/ml c. IM administration was not effective for any of the MIC parameters tested d. tissue levels where higher than plasma levels e. severe vasculitis was observed after IV administration |
b. IV administration but not IM was effective for organisms with an MIC ≥ 1 µg/ml
-IM and IV for orghanisms w/ MIC ≤ 0.5 JZWM 09 40(3):5010 |
|
|
Which of the following is true about ranavirus in anurans housed in a zoological collection?
a. in the abscence of clinical signs, histopathologic lesions will always be present b. persistent infection of captive anurans was documented c. intermittent shedding has not been documented d. positive swabs were only detected during a ranavirus outbreak even in sub-clinical animals e. prevalence of ranavirus is less than 20% in captive collections |
b. persistent infection of captive anurans was documented
-subclinical, persistently infected w/ intermittent shedding -infection may occur w/out clinical signs or consistent histopath lesions -subclinical animals may serve as vectors JZWM 09 40(3):559 |
|
|
Disseminated intravascular coagulation was demonstrated in an eastern spiny soft shell turtle in association with what organism?
a. Mycobacterium chelonae b. Salmonella tiphymurium c. Clostridium perfringens d. Aeromonas hydrophila e. Proteus vulnificus |
a. Mycobacterium chelonae
-Although mycobacteriosis in reptiles is typically a chronic, granulomatous disease, this case demonstrates that mycobacteriosis should be considered in reptiles presenting with acute, nongranulomatous disease. This case also describes clinically apparent hemorrhage due to disseminated intravascular coagulation, which is rarely described in chelonians JZWM 09 40(3):572 |
|
|
Which of the following characteristics is not descriptive of gout?
a. negative calcium staining b. strong polarization on histology c. amorphous eosinophilic materials surrounded by granulomatous inflammation d. articular or periarticular e. caused by monosodium urate crystals |
b. strong polarization on histology
-formalin will dissolve the crystals so while they are strongly polarized on cytology, they are not on histo |
|
|
Which of the following characteristics is not descriptive of pseudogout?
a. positive calcium staining b. variably birefringent on histology c. fibrillar crystals surrounded by cartilaginous metaplasia d. may be articular, periarticular, or intramedullary e. caused by monosodium urate crystals |
e. caused by monosodium urate crystals
-this is true gout, pseudogout is caused by crystals other than sodium and most commonly calcium containing crystals JZWM 09 40(3):576 |
|
|
Which of the following is true about pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in estuarine crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus)?
a. oral dosing resulted in slow absorption with poor bioavailability b. suitable plasma concentrations were achieved with either IV or IM administration c. based on the results a once daily dosing was recommended d. the volume of distribution was very high as reported din mammals e. enrofloxacin had poor bioavailability and tissue distribution via all routes at the dose tested |
b. suitable plasma concentrations were achieved with either IV or IM administration
-PO had slow absorption but good bioavailability -IV or IM dose at 5mg/kg q72 hours was recommended - vol of distribution was lower than in other species JZWM 09 40(4):696 |
|
|
Which of the following is false as it relates to hemodynamics of reptiles and cardiac malformation as observed in two ball pythons?
a. the sinus venosus receives the systemic veins b. pythons and varanids have high systemic blood pressures with low pressures in the pulmonary circulation c. intraventricular mixing of atrial inflows is prevented by cardiac septa d. the right atrium receives oxygen rich blood e. a ventricular septum divides the ventricle into the cavum pulmonale and cavum arteriosum |
d. the right atrium receives oxygen rich blood
-R atrium oxygen poor blood then directed to pulmonary circulation -L atrium oxygen rich blood that is then directed to the systemic arches JZWM 09 40(4):752 |
|
|
Which of the following is true about photodermatitis and photokeratoconjunctivitis reported in reptiles?
a. is associated with very short wavelength UVB lights below 290nm b. it was reported in snakes but not in lizards kept under the same light source c. was associated with high morbidity but no mortality d. observed epidermal basal cell regeneration and hyperplasia e. it was caused by experimental bulbs not commercially available |
a. is associated with very short wavelength UVB lights below 290nm
-snakes and skinks -mosbidity and mortality -epidermal erosion and ulceration, with severe epidermal basal cell degeneration and necrosis, and superficial dermatitis -caused by commercial bulbs JZWM 09 40(4):757 |
|
|
Which of the following was not observed in three cases of cerebral xanthomatosis in green water dragons?
a. affected the forebrain b. no lesions observed on MRI c. high cholesterol in 2 of the 3 lizards d. all lizards were females e. necropsy revealed yellow, edematous brains |
e. necropsy revealed yellow, edematous brains
-no gross abnormalities on necropsy JZWM 10 41(1):128 |
