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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ulcerative mycosis of platypus is caused by which organism?
a. Mucor congolensis b. Mucor amphibiorum c. Aspergillus fumigator d. Aspergillus nigrum |
b. Mucor amphibiorum
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Which organism has NOT been associated with diarrhea in neonatal hand reared marsupials?
a. Salmonella b. Coccidia c. Shigella d. Campylobacter |
c. Shigella
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Which of the following is an important consideration for housing of insectivores:
a. provide lots of sunlight b. avoid deep bedding c. provide sound barriers d. house all species in groups |
c. provide sound barriers
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Which of the following is a feature of moles and desmans (Talpidae):
a. have ovotestes b. only left ovary is functional c. well developed cecum d. posses venom glands |
a. have ovotestes
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Name the two most important regulatory diseases of Chiroptera:
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a. rabies and Histoplasma capsulatum
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Which of the following is false about megachiropterans:
a. have large external jugular veins b. echolocation is secondary to vision and chemoreception c. reported toxicity to ivermectin d. suffer from hypovitaminosis E DCM |
a. have large external jugular veins
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Name the two most important regulatory diseases of Chiroptera:
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rabies and Histoplasma capsulatum
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Which of the following is FALSE about megachiropterans:
a. have large external jugular veins b. echolocation is secondary to vision and chemoreception c. reported toxicity to ivermectin d. suffer from hypovitaminosis E DCM |
a. have large external jugular veins
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What type of placentation is present in prosimians:
a. endotheliochorial b. epitheliochorial c. hemochorial |
b. epitheliochorial
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Which of the following is not a nutritional dz of captive prosimians?
a. hemochromatosis b. metastatic calcification c. trichobezoars d. hypovitaminosis C |
d. hypovitaminosis C
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List 4 causes of diarrhea in primates:
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Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella, and Yersinia
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Which of the following is a common problem of captive Edentates:
a. abdominal testes b. tooth loss c. hypothermia d. low metabolic rate |
c. hypothermia
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Which is the preferred venipuncture site in giant anteaters:
a. tail vein b. cephalic c. lateral saphenous d. cr. vena cava |
a. tail vein
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Which of the following is the most common protozoal parasitic dz in rabbits:
a. E. cuniculi b. Eimeria sp. c. Isospora sp. d. Pelecitus sp. |
b. Eimeria sp.
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Which of the following is the most likely differential diagnosis for a large breed rabbit with head tilt:
a. E.cunniculi b. Neoplasia c. Pasteurellosis d. Baylisascaris sp. |
c. Pasteurellosis more likley in large breeds, E. cunniculi in dwarf breeds.
Fowler 5 Ch 42 |
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Which of the following is the causative agent of salmon poisoning disease in canids:
a. Neorickettsia salmonicida b. Neorickettsia elokominica c. Neorickettsia canis d. Neorickettsia helminthoeca |
d. Neorickettsia helminthoeca
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Which of the following has been associated with urolithiasis in mustelids:
a. High levels of plant protein b. High levels of fat c. High levels of ash d. High levels of carbohydrates |
a. High levels of plant protein
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Which dz has a high prevalence in the Asian small-clawed otter?
a. Distemper b. Toxoplasma c. Renal calculi d. Herpes |
c. Renal calculi
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Viverridae and Procyonidae are most susceptible to which of the following?
a. Lesihmaniasis b. Clostridiosis c. Distemper d. Polycystic kidneys |
c. Distemper
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Which of the following is a reservoir host for Leishmaniasis?
a. Egyptian mongoose b. Red Panda c. Binturong d. Civet |
a. Egyptian mongoose
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The thumb of a Giant Panda is formed by:
a. Metacarpal one b. Radial sesamoid bone c. First digit d. Accessory carpal bone |
b. Radial sesamoid bone
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Which Trichinella species is likely to be found in the SQ ventral tongue of Polar bears?
a. T. spiralis b. T. murrelli c. T. nativa d. T. ursid |
c. T. nativa
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What is the most common medical problem of Aardvarks in captivity?
a. Parasites b. Viruses c. Pneumonia d. Dental disease |
d. Dental disease
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A large percentage of Aardvarks require hand rearing in captivity and success is high.
a. True b. False |
TRUE
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Which of the following is a feature of African elephants only:
a. Depigmentation of head and trunk is common b. Bulls may be tuskless c. 4 nails on front, 3 on back d. flattened ovoid teeth |
c. 4 nails on front, 3 on back
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Which of the following diseases/problems are more common in Asian elephants as opposed to African? (Choose all that apply)
a. EEHV b. Salmonellosis c. Foot problems d. Floppy trunk syndrome |
a. EEHV
c. Foot problems |
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Which of the following is a nasal mite in hyraxes:
a. Pneumonyssu procaviens b. Psoroptes caviae c. Schoutedenichia schoutedeni d. Grasssinema procavia |
c. Schoutedenichia schoutedeni
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Which of the following is False about hyraxes:
a. are omnivorous b. lack a gall bladder c. have hoof-like toes d. are plantigrade |
a. are omnivorous
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What is the most common fungi associated with pneumonias in rhinos:
a. Mucor b. Rhizopus c. Aspergillus d. Saprolegnia |
c. Aspergillus
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Which of the following species of rhinos only has one horn:
a. White b. Indian c. Black d. Sumatran |
b. Indian
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32. Which of the following species of rhinos only has one horn:
a. White b. Indian c. Black d. Sumatran |
b. Indian
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33. The most common cause of mortality in adult tapirs is related to:
a. GI non-infectious disease b. Bacterial enteritis c. Acute pancreatitis d. Mandibular osteomyelitis |
a. GI non-infectious disease
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Which of the following is important for evaluation of inflammation in tapirs:
a. Protein electrophoresis b. LDH c. Fibrinogen d. CBC |
c. Fibrinogen
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Which of the following avian species is more susceptible to Salmonellosis?
a. Macaws b. Chickens c. Ibis d. Kiwis |
a. Macaws
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The natural host of Shigella is:
a. hyraxes b. primates c. anteaters d. tapirs |
b. primates
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Which of the following is FALSE about Anthrax:
a. ID of capsule is diagnostic b. captive outbreaks limited to ruminants c. spores are very resistant to environment d. arthropods act as vectors |
b. captive outbreaks limited to ruminants
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Rats are the maintenance host for which leptospira:
a. Pomona b. Hardjo c. Gryppotyphosa d. Icterohaemorrhagica |
d. Icterohaemorrhagica
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E. coli infections may worsen what infection of ungulates:
a. Fusobacterium necrophorum b. Leptospira hardjo c. Salmonellosis d. Clsotridiosis |
a. Fusobacterium necrophorum
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Cervical spondylosis in cats can be caused by?
a. low Ca b. high Vit A c. low Cu d. high Vit D |
b. high Vit A
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Which of the following is TRUE about suidae and tayassuidae?
a. suids have complex stomachs b. tayassuids have simple stomachs c. foot dz is major problem in captives d. telazol is best for smooth recovery e. dams eat placentas and clean the young fastidiously |
a. false, have simple stomachs but babirusa has extra compartment with foregut fermentation
b. false, complex stomach w/ 2 large pouches, 2 ceca c. TRUE d. false, telazol has rough recoveries, midazolam/butorphanol/medetomidine is best e. false, they do neither |
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Which of the following is TRUE about hippos?
a. have 2 digits on each foot b. wounds heal w/ yellow gelatinous appearance c. venipuncture from jugular d. have a 2 compartment stomach |
a. false, have 4 didgits which is different from other artidactylids which usu. have 2
b. TRUE c. false, ventral tail, cephalic, medial saphenous d. false, 3 compartments to stomach w/ 4th glandular section |
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Which of the following is TRUE about camels?
a. have ellipsoid RBC's b. 3 digits per hoof c. C. dromedarius adapted to cold weather d. C. bactrianus has easily distensible jugular |
a. TRUE, helps minimize sludging during dehydration
b. false, 2 per foot, have nails not true hoof c. false, C. d. hot, C.b. cold d. false, C. D. has easily distensible jugulars |
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Which of the following is TRUE about giraffes and okapis?
a. gall bladder present b. 25% mortality for giraffe calves c. okapi calves do not defecate for 10-13 days post birth d. giraffes need <15% protein e. okapi horns in both sexes |
a. false, no gall bladder in either
b. false, 75% giraffe calve mortality c. TRUE d. false, need 15-18% protein, low prot diets may be associated w/ peracute mortality syndrome e. false, only male okapi has horns, both sexes of giraffes have them |
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Which of the following is TRUE about cervidae and tragulidae?
a. only female reindeer have antlers b. increase testosterone causes antlers to fall off c. are not susceptible to Dictyocaulus d. Acremonium coenophialum mycotoxin resembles neoplastic dz e. BVD is common in deer |
a. false, both males and females have antlers unlike most other spp. males only
b. false, decrease in testosterone causes fall off c. false, very susceptible to lung worm from cattle d. TRUE, assoc w/ ingestion of tall fescue e. false, BVD uncommon |
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Which of the following is NOT a dz of importance in wild Ovis canadensis?
a. Protostrongylus spp. b. Oestrus ovis c. Manheima haemolytica d. Haemonchus contortus e. Psoroptes ovis |
a. lungworms are important dz assoc. w/ pneumonia complex
b. O. ovis associated w/ chronic frontal sinusitis c. very important dz of big horn d. NOT important in big horn e. Psoroptes ovis assoc. w/ pop declines |
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Which of the following is TRUE about Salmonellosis/salmonella?
a. common dz in reptiles b. S. typhi common in ruminants c. virulence depends on adherance and penetration d. antibiotics eliminates dz e. colonizes the large intestine |
a. false, reptiles are carriers but seldom diseased
b. false, specific to humans c. TRUE d. false, carrier state still possible, treatment is controversial e. false, small intestine |
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Which of the following is TRUE about Shigellosis?
a. primates natural hosts, other animals are resistant b. colonizes the small intestines c. self limiting, no treatment required d. endotoxin is the cause of illness e. poorly contagious |
a. TRUE, primates and humans are susceptible while other spp. are not
b. false, large intestine c. fale, it is self limiting but can be fatal w/out tretament due to exotoxin production d. false, exotoxin is produced and causes illness e. false, highly contagious w/ only 100 organisms needed for outbreak |
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Which of the following is TRUE about Mycobacteriosis?
a. M. leprae has the highest zoonotic potential b. M. avium paratuberculosis cultures require mycobactin c. M. avium intracellulare affects birds only d. equids are highly susceptible to M. bovis e. M. tuberculosis more common in African vs. Asian elephants |
a. false, low zoonotic risk
b. TRUE, special media neededc c. false, birds and marsupials are spp. more commonly affected d. false, low susceptibility in equids e. false, more common in Asian, rare in African |
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Which of the following is not susceptible to Yersinia pestis?
a. deer mice b. prairie dogs c. black footed ferrets d. bobcats e. coyotes |
a. deer mice are enzootic susceptible host
b. prairie dogs are epizootic susceptible hosts c. ferrets are susceptible hosts d. bobcats are susceptible hosts e. COYOTES are resistant to infection |
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Which of the following is TRUE about Y. pestis?
a. bubonic form is most common b. transmission is via flea bites only c. epizootic hosts have low mortality d. common in captive wild animals |
a. TRUE, then speticemic and pulmonic is least common
b. false, can be via ocnsumption of infected host or direct by contact c. false, epizootic hosts have high mortality events d. false, rare in captives |
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Which of the following is a CORRECT match for Clostridium?
a. C. difficile - hepatic associated b. C. piliforme tyzzers - antibiotic associated c. C. perfringens A - reptiles d. C. spiriforme - rabbits e. C. colinum - equids |
a. false, C. difficile is antibiotic assoc.
b. false, C. piliforme is hepatic associated c. false, C. perfringens A necrotizing enteritis in mammals and birds d. TRUE e. false, C. colinum in gallinaceous birds |
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Which of the following Chlamydophila species is found in koalas?
a. C. abortus b. C. psittaci c. C. pecorum d. C. felis e. C. suis |
a. C. abortus in sheep, goat, cattle, llama
b. C. psittaci in birds C. C. pecorum and C. pneumonia in koalas d. C. felis in cats e. C. suis in swine |
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Which of the following is TRUE about fungi?
a. saprophytic feed on live host b. Cryptococcus neofrormans var gatti in zoo felids c. ergotism caused by ingestion of Claviceps purpurea on ryegrass d. anamorphs have sexual reproduction by meiosis e. dimorphic are yeats in environment |
a. false, saprophytic feed on dead, mutualistic/parasitic feed on live host
b. false, this one in flowering buds of gum trees and affects koalas c. TRUE d. false, this describes teleomorphs, anamorphs have asexual repro by mitosis e. false, yeast in tissue, hyphae in environment |
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Which of the following is TRUE about pox viruses?
a. cowpox can cause fatal pneumonia in felids b. monkeypox low mortality in orangs c. dolphin pox causes systemic diseases d. parapox/orf is usually fatal |
a. TRUE
b. false, monkey pox has HIGH mortality in orangs and callitrichids c. false, cutaneous only: 1. widespread pinpoint holes 2. raised black points w/ outline resembling a tattoo d. false, self limiting |
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Upon scratching the withers of a sheep you observe a lip tremor. What is the most likely differential?
a. scabies b. orf c. scrapie d. aberrant larval migration |
C. SCRAPIE
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Which of the following is TRUE about BSE/prion diseases?
a. appear initially in nervous tissue and migrate towards the brain b. disinfection is done with formalin c. BSE is specific for bovids only d.can not be diagnosed before appearance of clinical signs e. aspiration pneumonia common in elk and deer w/ CWD |
a. false, appear in lymphoid tissue first, the spread to brain
b. false, resistant to formalin fixation, use bleach for 1hr or 5% sodium hydroxide c. false, BSE also in felids fed contaminated meat d. false, IHC of brain can be doen before clinical signs since the protein is present before dz is seen e. TRUE |
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Which of the following is TRUE about T. gondii?
a. disseminated dz more likely w/ concurrent FeLV b. OW monkeys have low susceptibility c. fetus mortality in third trimester in sheep and goats d. oocyst w/ 4 sporozoites and 2 sporocysts |
a. false, FeLV is one virus that does not appear to influence clinical expression of T. gondii
b. TRUE; rats, cattle, horses, and OW monkeys resistant; NW monkey and Australian marsupials very sensistive c. false, fetal death in first trimester d. false, 8 sporozoites and 2 sporocysts |
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Which of the following is TRUE about B. anthracis?
a. carnivores are resistant to infection but susceptible to toxins b. vegetative form is resistant to emnvironment c. saprophytic bacteria with high survival in soil d. spores contain toxin that is released upon exposure to air |
a. TRUE
b. false, the spores are resistant, vegetative forms are not c. false, not a saprophyte d. false, toxin produced by vegetative form |
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Which of the following is TRUE about leptospirosis?
a. maintenance host have low prevalence w/ acute dz b. L. pomona in marine mammal outbreaks c.fetuses born to infected dams are not considered infected d. causes a sever inflammatory response in tissues e. more prevalent in dry seasons |
a. false, maintenenace have high prevalence w/ chronic dz
b. TRUE c. false, even if born healthy are still infected d. false, No inflammatory response seen in tissues e. false, more prevalent in wet season, spring, autumn, early winter |
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Which of the following is TRUE about quarantine procedures?
a. if introducing a new bird during a quarantine period, the whole quarantine must start again b. must be a minimum of 60 days c. can only be performed at the receiving facility d. is obligatory for primates, small mammals, birds, reptiles |
a. false, bird, amphibian, and reptile quarantines must be closed and no new animals may be introduced during the quarantine period; only for mammals can a new intro happen followed by restart of quarantine
b. false, 30d is required min. c. false, AZA or AALAS facility may perform pre-shipment quarantine d. TRUE |
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Which of the following are poorly compatible to exhibit with other species?
a. oryx and white rhino b. black rhino and giraffes c. sheep and goats d. sable antelope and llamas |
a. oryx and white rhinos should not be placed with other species as per Fowler4 Ch 6.
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Which of the following is highly susceptible to atoxoplasmosis?
a. macaws b. conures c. cockatoos d. mynah birds e. raptors |
d. mynah birds
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Which of the following parasite and diseased host relationships is CORRECT?
a. Pneumonyssus simicola - marine mammals b. Heterakis isolonche - raptors c. Plasmodium - penguins d. Parelaphostrongylus tenius - primates |
a. Pneumonyssus simicola - simian lung mite, langurs
b. Heterakis isolonche - gallinaceous birds, pheasants c. CORRECT: Plasmodium - penguins d. Parelaphostrongylus tenius - meningeal worm of WTD, fatal dz in other cervids |
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Which of the follwoing is TRUE about Chediak Higashi Syndrome?
a. causes increased activity of intracellular killing b. reported in white tigers, killer whales, and aleutian mink c. autosomal dominant condition d. produces smaller than normal granules in white cells |
a. false, decreased activity of chemotactic response, NKC
b. TRUE c. false, autosomal recessive d. false, produces large granules in white cells and mealnocytes laeding to dilution of hair pigment, light iris may also affect platelet function |
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Which of the following is TRUE about vitamin D in exotic species?
a. need UVB in 260-280nm range b. cholecalciferol is the most common form in plants c. calcitonin increases Ca and P mobilization from bones d. NWP have higher vitD requirement than OWP e. mole rats have no requirement for vitD |
a. false, range of 290-315nm is needed
b. false, ergocalciferol c. false, it decreases mobilization, calcitriol increases it d. TRUE, vitD2 is less active than D3 in NWP e. false, while they have very low levels of vitD when measured, diets low in vit D lead to decreased fecundity |
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Which of the following is TRUE about Vitamin E in zoo animals?
a. asses by circulating levels b. transported by 2 carrier proteins c. vit E is lower in animal fats so carnivores have higher dietary requirement d. vitE in plants is alpha tocopherol with high biological activity e. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is the main determinant for vit E requirement |
Fowler 4Ch12
a. false, circulating levels do not reflect true status, tissue levels are better but not great either; is better to know dietary content b. false, no carrier proteins known, transported via lipoproteins and RBC's c. false, vitE in animal fat is lower versus plants, it is better absorbed because it is alpha tocopherol and there is a lower amount of PUFA so carnivores have a lower requirement for vitE expt. marine mammals d. false, plants have gamma tocopherol which has less activity than alpha in animal tissue e. TRUE, the higher the PUFA the lower the vit E absoprtion |
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Which of the following is TRUE concerning snake bites?
a. a tight wrap of affected limb should be used w/ viper bites b. elapids have mostly neurotoxic activity c. keep affected limbs above head level d. dry bites should not be reported or treated |
a. false, these cause tissue necrosis and bandages would make it worse
b. TRUE c. false, keep at level of heart d. false, seek advice for all bites |
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Which of the following is TRUE about RPS in reptiles?
a. Gentamycin not affected by RPS b. RPS perfuses the glomeruli c. arginine vasotocin constricts the efferent arterioles to conserve water d. blood from hind limb passes through kidneys first |
a. TRUE, is excreted by GFR so not affected by RPS which only affects the tubules; carbenicillin undergoes tubular secretion but levels were still appropriate in RES
b. false, perfuses the tubules c. false, constricts afferent glomerular aterioles to decrease GFR while the RPS perfuses the tubules d. false, bypasses kidneys and goes to liver |
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Which of the following is the NORMAL embryo positioning of a bird in the egg?
a. head between both legs b. head upside down under right wing c. head upside down between both wings on the back d. head upside down under left wing e. head upright under right leg |
B. head upside down under right wing
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Which of the following is TRUE about koalas?
a. are prone to many endoparasitic infections b. C. neoformans gatti from soil contamination and feces c. Machiavello stain used to diagnose Chlamydophila pecorum or pneumoniae in tissues d. renal disease is the primary factor limiting longevity of koalas e. body condition assessed by the musculature of the head and neck |
a. false, only one main endoparasite described: Bertiella obesa
b. false, var. gatti from eucalyptus, var. neoformans from soil contamination w/ bird feces c. TRUE d. false, dental wear/dz is the life limiting factor e. false, BCS based on scapula contour and bulk Other facts. detoxify toxins from plants in liver; Ca excretion in urine, which may be red and yields false positive proteins and ketones; asses hydration by sliding skin over scapula |
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Which of the following is TRUE about Megachiropterans?
a. are mostly carnivores b. CDC requires free of rabies and Histoplasma capsulatum c. venipuncture from femoral vein d. bat paramyxovirus is chiropteran specific e. HCM common due to low vit E |
a. false, are fruit and nectar eaters
b. TRUE c. false, cephalic vein located along leading edge of patagium and median artery or vein located on lateral humerus d. false, it causes severe/fatal respiratory dz in horses; zoonotic e. false, DCM w/ low vit E |
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Which of the following is TRUE about prosimians?
a. abscesation d/t bite wounds is the most common presentation b. hemochromatosis common in tarsiers c. trichobezoars common in black lemurs d. periarticular hyperostosis w/ renal failure is familial dz in black lemurs e. resistant to T. gondii due to evolution |
a. false, DO NOT tend to form abscesses
b. false, common in black and brown lemurs (Eulemurs) c. false, common in ruffed lemurs in captivity d. TRUE, also see periosteal proliferation of diaphyses in ruffed lemurs e. false, very sensitive in particular terrestrials as ring-tailed lemurs |
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Which of the following is TRUE about Callitrichidae?
a. should be housed away from squirrel monkeys b. are very tolerant of disease so treatment should be delayed c. do not require vitamin C supplement d. colonic adenocarcinoma is common in golden lion tamarins e. tend to be solitary |
a. TRUE, squirrel monkeys are reservoir of herpes virus tamarinus (HSV-T) which is highly lethal in callitrichids, also sensitive ti HSV 1 & 2
b. false, very sensitive to disease and are fragile w/ limited energy reserves like birds so treat promptly c. false, require vit C and E as well as high requirements for Vit D3 and UVB d. false, in cotton top tamarins not golden e. false, gregarious |
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Which of the following diseases of Callitrichids can NOT be controlled by pest control?
a. lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus b. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/enterocolitica c. Gongylonema pulchrum d. T. gondii e. Strep zooepidemicus |
a. trans. by mice
b. trans. by rodents and birds c. trans. by roaches and beetles; Goeldi's and pygmy marmoset tongue spirurid d. trans. by rodents, cats E. trans. by uncooked horse meat or contamination during feed prep |
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What disease is being assessed in this inverted contrast peritonealogram? In what species?
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Retro-sternal diaphragmatic defects in golden lion tamarins. Those w/ score >3 on 0-5 scale are removed from breeding programs.
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Which of the following is TRUE about viruses in large felids?
a. FeLV is naturally occurring in wild felids b. contaminated food and water are source of FIV c. FIV in Asian but not African lions d. CDV shed regardless of symptomatic status e. CDV in felids is a felid-adapted strain |
a. false, FIV occurs naturally in wild felids but FeLV does not expt. some possibly in Europe
b. false, does not survive well in environment, bite wounds is main mode of trans. c. false, Africans have FIV, Asians do not d. TRUE e. false, the same canine strain of CDV infects felids, Baikal seals, collared peccaries, and Japanese macaques |
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Which of the following is TRUE about giant panadas in China?
a. RBC and BUN have inverse correlation w/ age b. rouleaux and rapid ESR is normal c. most common dz of captive and wild is dental d. mate in the Fall e. benzodiazepines are preferred for immobilization |
a. false, RBC and BUN are linearly correlated w/ age
b. TRUE c. false, GI dz: enteritis and impaction is most common d. false, mate in Spring, birth in Fall e. false, benzos have excitatory effects in giant pandas |
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Which of the following is TRUE about calving elephants?
a. pregnancy diagnosed at 12 weeks by increased progesterone b. progesterone spikes 2-4 days before parturition c.healthy calf can be born up to 48 hours after amniotic sac rupture d. posterior presentation is abnormal e. calf should stand w/in 2 hours |
a. TRUE
b. false, progesterone decreases 2-4 d before birth c.false, only have 12-24 hours d. false, both anterior and posterior presentations are seen normally w/ posterior more common e. false, should stand w/in 30 minutes, otherwise think hydrocephalus and hypoxia; those taking longer than 30 min usu. do not survive |
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Rank the following dz from higher to lower importance in captive exotic equids:
Rhodoccoccus equi Strep equi EHV 1 & 4 Influenza A 1 & 2 Rotavirus EPM |
1. Strep equi
2. Influenza A 3. EHV 1 & 4 4. Rotavirus 5. Rhodococcus equi 6. EPM |
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Which of the following is a concurrent disease often seen with T. gondii in carnivores?
a. calicivirus b. herpes virus c. paramyxovirus d. lyssavirus e. morbillivirus |
C. paramyxovirus is commonly seen as concurrent infection w/ T. gondii in carnivores
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