Acvim Boards Study

Front 1

Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of the feline left atrium

Back 1

ratios of left atrial size and aortic diameter, from 2DE and M-mode echocardiography, are not interchangeable

Front 2

Comparison of canine cardiac troponin I concentrations as determined by 3 analyzers

Back 2

Results from this study suggest that although canine cTnI values obtained from the Biosite, Stratus, and Access analyzers are closely correlated, they cannot be directly compared with each other. In the absence of a gold standard none of the analyzers can be considered more correct than the others.

Front 3

Pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of cyclosporine treatment of dogs with steroid-refractory inflammatory bowel disease

Back 3

5 mg/kg cyclosporine q24h; significant decreases in T-cell number in biopsies and clinical activity score; cyclosporine pharmacokinetcis were similar to healthy dogs; cyclosporine is an effective alternative treatment in dogs refractory to steroids

Front 4

Dexamethasone, melphalan, actinomycin D, cytosine arabinoside (DMAC) protocol for dogs with relapsed lymphoma

Back 4

The DMAC protocol is an effective rescue protocol for dogs with relapsed multicentric lymphoma. Thrombocytopenia is common; in general, the protocol is well tolerated. Remission 72% (44% CR; 28% PR)

Front 5

The Effect of Glucocorticoids on Canine Lymphocyte Marker Expression and Apoptosis

Back 5

Glucocorticoids significantly alter the expression of phenotypic markers on canine lymphocytes, and in vitro induce apoptosis. These findings identify potential mechanisms for clinical immunosuppression from glucocorticoid treatment

Front 6

Hematologic changes associated with half-body irradiation in dogs with lymphoma

Back 6

HBI was myelosuppressive but effects were short term and resolved in 22 of 24 dogs. Further studies are needed to elucidate the safety and role of HBI in the treatment of dogs with lymphoma.

Front 7

Retrospective evaluation of sildenafil citrate as a therapy for pulmonary hypertension in dogs

Back 7

Sildenafil appeared to be well tolerated in dogs with PH and was associated with decreased PAPs (the median decrease in PAPs was 16.5 mmHg) and amelioration of clinical signs in most. Sildenafil represents a reasonable treatment option for dogs with pulmonary hypertension.

Front 8

Sildenafil

Back 8

type V phosphodiesterase inhibitor that produces nitric oxide mediated vasodilatation

Front 9

Frequency and risk factors for urinary tract infection in cats with diabetes mellitus

Back 9

Urinary tract infections are common in diabetic cats regardless of status of diabetic control, suggesting routine monitoring with urine sediment exams or urine culture is warranted

Front 10

Liver disease in dogs with tracheal collapse

Back 10

There was a significant hepatic dysfunction in the majority of dogs with a tracheal collapse. Liver function should be routinely assessed in dogs with severe respiratory disease.

Front 11

High resolution protein electrophoresis of 100 paired canine cerebrospinal fluid and serum

Back 11

this study did not confirm high resolution electrophoresis of paired CSF and serum samples to be a valuable ancillary diagnostic tool for canine neurological diseases

Front 12

Management of Myasthenia Gravis Using Cyclosporine in 2 Dogs

Back 12

cyclosporine appears to be effective in the management of MG in dogs

Front 13

Esophageal dysmotility in young dogs

Back 13

Esophageal dysmotility without overt megaesophagus occurs in young terrier dogs, and affected animals can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Further, an improvement in esophageal motility occurs with time in some dogs, and might represent a syndrome of delayed esophageal maturation

Front 14

Comparison of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic indices of efficacy for 5 fluoroquinolones toward pathogens of dogs and cats

Back 14

E. coli resistance to fluoroquinolones approximated 40%. For susceptible isolates, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin more consistently reached indices associated with predicted efficacy, but only at the high dose.

Front 15

A combination chemotherapy protocol with dose intensification and autologous bone marrow transplant (VELCAP-HDC) for canine lymphoma

Back 15

Factors associated with longer survival time were lower stage (P = .042) and higher cyclophosphamide dose (both increasing dose [study groups 1-3], and the highest dose [group 3] compared with the lower doses combined [groups 1 and 2]) (P = .027). Median survival time for dogs in group 3 was 139 weeks, compared with 43 weeks and 68 weeks for dogs in groups 1 and 2, respectively.

Front 16

MDS-RC

Back 16

Myelodysplastic syndrome with refractory cytopenias. Normocytic, Normochromic nonregenerative anemia. < 6% myeloblasts. Dysplastic changes restricted to erythrocytes

Front 17

MDS-SD

Back 17

Microcytic or hypochromic Non-regen anemia. With large numbers of siderocytes in peripheral blood. Variable ringed sideroblasts in bone marrow. Increased rubriblasts generally. Dysplastic changes in all lines.

Front 18

MDS-EB

Back 18

Bicytopenia or pancytopenia. Increased G:E ratio 8-20% myeloblasts. BM was normo or hypercellular. Dysgranulopoiesis and usually dyserythro and dysmegakaryopoiesis as well.

Front 19

Secondary Dysmyelopoiesis

Back 19

Usually associated with drugs or acute inflammatory disease. Blast cells in BM are NOT increased

Front 20

Acute conversion of atrial fibrillation in two dogs by intravenous amiodarone administration

Back 20

30 kg dog received 250 mg (5 mg/ml given at 6 ml/min then decreased to 3 ml/min after suspected pain). 45 kg dog received 170 mg (5 mg/ml given at 3 ml/min; transfusion was stopped early due to intense pruritis and injected MM

Front 21

Acute encephalitis, polyarthritis, and myocarditis associated with West Nile virus infection in a dog

Back 21

WNV should be considered as a cause for antibiotic-non-responsive fever, progressive neuro signs, and cardiac arrythmias. Pancreatitis, polyarthritis, ranel and hepatic failure are also potential manifestations. First report suggesting WNV causes polyarthropothy in any species. PCR on tissue biopsy samples or synovial fluid along with positive IgM serology may facilitate antemortem diagnosis.

Front 22

Aldosterone-to-renin and cortisol-to-adrenocorticotropic hormone ratios in healthy dogs and dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism

Back 22

Plasma concentrations of cortisol, ACTH, aldosterone and renin overlapped in groups of healthy dogs and dogs with hypoadrenocorticism. Cortisol-ACTH ratio and Aldosterone-Renin ratios did NOT overlap between groups. This allows for the specific diagnosis of hypoaldosteroninsm and hypocortisolism in the dog.

Front 23

Alpha1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency and Bartonella infection in association with panniculitis, polyarthritis, and meningitis in a dog

Back 23

PCR positive for bartonella. AIPI deficiency has not been previously reported in dogs. Pansteatitis treated with vitamin E

Front 24

Antibiotic sensitivity profiles do not reliably distinguish relapsing or persisting infections from reinfections in cats with chronic renal failure and multiple diagnoses of Escherichia coli urinary tract infection

Back 24

UTIs in 5 cats were determined to be reinfections vs persistent infections based on antibiograms determined by Kirby-Bauer discs and Etests and by clonality determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Both antibiotic susceptibility tests determined RI vs PI with only 58& efficiency. Antibiograms can not reliably determine the difference between RI and PI.

Front 25

Applications, complications, and outcomes of transvenous pacemaker implantation in 105 dogs (1997-2002)

Back 25

3rd degree AV block and Sick Sinus syndrome were most common reasons for placing pacemaker. Mean survival rate was 2.2 years. Complication rate is low and success rate was high for placing pacemaker.

Front 26

Assessment of left atrial appendage flow velocity and its relation to spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in 89 cats with myocardial disease

Back 26

Low LAA flow velocities identified a subgroup of patients at increased risk of spontaneous echocardiographic contrast and possible thromboembolism. These findings may have important clinical implications for anticoagulation therapy and prognostication in cats with cardiomyopathy. LAA(max)<0.25 m/s predicted SEC with 100% sens/74% spec; LAA(max)<0.20 m/s = 69% sens/83% spec

Front 27

Association of Helicobacter with cholangiohepatitis in cats

Back 27

Helicobacer spp were found in liver tissue of 2/32 cats with cholangiohep and 1/17 control cats. These species are distinct (based on PCR) from those invading gastric tissues and are consistent with species previously found in cat intestine and bile and hepatobiliary disease in people and rodents.

Front 28

C-reactive protein concentration in dogs with chronic valvular disease

Back 28

Compared with controls, dogs with chronic valvular disease had higher plasma concentration of C-reactive protein (median 2.17 microg/mL [range, 0.86-33.8 microg/mL]) versus 1.43 microg/mL [range, 0.84-4.99 microg/mL]; P < .001). C-reactive protein concentration was not related to the presence of congestive heart failure or murmur grade.

Front 29

CCNU in the Treatment of Canine Epitheliotropic Lymphoma

Back 29

This study demonstrates that CCNU chemotherapy can be considered a reasonable option for the treatment of canine epitheliotropic lymphoma in dogs. 78% of dogs had measurable improvement; with 6% complete response

Front 30

Canine intracranial primary neoplasia: 173 cases (1986-2003)

Back 30

Menigioma, astrocytoma, oligodendrogliomas were most common. Based on the results of this study, thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasonography may be indicated to look for extracranial neoplasia prior to advanced imaging of the brain or intracranial surgery.

Front 31

Canine mast cell tumors: correlation of apoptosis and proliferation markers with prognosis

Back 31

This study shows that both mean AgNOR score and Ki-67 score are prognostic markers for canine MCTs. The Ki-67 score can be used to divide Patnaik grade 2 MCTs into 2 groups with markedly different expected survival times.

Front 32

Canine trichinosis presenting with syncope and AV conduction disturbance

Back 32

Large cyst burden with cysts in myocardium causing AV block.

Front 33

Cardiac troponins as indicators of acute myocardial damage in dogs

Back 33

Increased cardiac troponins suggestive of myocardial damage occurred in 93% of dogs with GDV and 75% with BCT. cTnI appeared more sensitive, but cTnT may be a negative prognostic indicator in GDV. Both the Cardiac Reader and Abbot Axysm systems tested seemed applicable for the measurement of canine cardiac troponins, with the Cardiac Reader particularly suitable for use in emergency settings.

Front 34

Cardiovascular involvement in 8 dogs with blastomyces dermatitidis infection

Back 34

Blastomycosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of dogs from endemic areas with inflammatory myocarditis, heart block, heart base or intracardiac mass lesions, syncope, or endocarditis.

Front 35

Cardioversion of supraventricular tachycardia using lidocaine in five dogs

Back 35

In 5 cases there was rapid conversion to normal sinus rhythm, which was then maintained with oral mexilitene (4 dogs) or mexilitene combined with propranolol (1 dog).

Front 36

Cerebral cholesterol granuloma in a cat

Back 36

Cat presented for 10 day history of behavioral changes. MRI showed contrast enhancing space-occupying lesion in the region of the falx cerebri. Post mortem confirmed cholesterol granuloma.

Front 37

Characterization of the anemia of inflammatory disease in cats with abscesses, pyothorax, or fat necrosis

Back 37

Anemia of inflammatory disease in cats seems to be multifactorial. Iron sequestration, decreased RBC survival and insufficient EPO and decreased bone marrow response are likely all involved.

Front 38

Clinical and echocardiographic features of primary infundibular stenosis with intact ventricular septum in dogs

Back 38

Accurate determination of the severity of the stenosis and the anatomy of the obstructing lesion are important in devising a treatment strategy. Recognition of the fibrous diaphragm by echocardiography identifies a subset of dogs potentially amenable to surgical dilation without the need for cardiopulmonary bypass.

Front 39

Clinical and topographic magnetic resonance characteristics of suspected brain infarction in 40 dogs

Back 39

All infarcts appeared nonhemorrhagic, with marked contrast enhancement observed in only 3 of 38 dogs, all of which were imaged more than 7 days after the onset of signs of neurologic dysfunction. Suspected infarcts were hyperintense on DWI sequences and were hypointense on the apparent diffusion coefficient map.

Front 40

Clinical signs, magnetic resonance imaging features, and outcome after surgical and medical treatment of otogenic intracranial infection in 11 cats and 4 dogs

Back 40

MR imaging was effective in characterizing the location and extent of the pathologic changes intracranially as well as within middle/inner ear structures. Results of CSF analysis were characteristic of bacterial infection in most of the animals with acute or subacute disease. Dogs and cats with intracranial disease secondary to extension of otitis media/interna have a good-to-excellent prognosis when the condition was diagnosed and was treated by surgical exploration and appropriate antibiotic therapy.

Front 41

Coagulation profiles in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts before and after surgical attenuation

Back 41

Dogs with CPS have lower activity of clotting factors compared to healthy dogs, resulting in a prolonged APTT. Surgical attenuation of the shunt results in increased abnormalities in coagulation times and factors immediately after surgery. Hemostasis is normalized after complete recovery of shunting after attenuation, in contrast to dogs with persistent shunting.

Front 42

Comparative aspects and clinical outcomes of canine renal hemangiosarcoma

Back 42

Hemoperitoneum and distant metastasis at diagnosis appear to occur less frequently in dogs with renal HSA compared with other visceral forms of HSA. Furthermore, dogs with renal HSA have protracted disease progression, with improved 1-year survival rates and longer median survival time compared to dogs with splenic, cardiac, and retroperitoneal HSA. Dogs with hemoperitoneum have shorter survival time.

Front 43

Comparison of glomerular filtration rate between greyhounds and non-Greyhound dogs

Back 43

The higher SCr concentration in Greyhounds is not attributable to decreased GFR, and may be associated with the high muscle mass in the breed. Healthy Greyhounds have higher GFR than do non-Greyhound dogs.

Front 44

Comparison of the effects of daily and intermittent-dose calcitriol on serum parathyroid hormone and ionized calcium concentrations in normal cats and cats with chronic renal failure

Back 44

Calcitriol treatment did not result in significant differences in serum parathyroid hormone concentrations before and after treatment in both normal cats and cats with chronic renal failure. With these dosages, adverse affects of calcitriol administration were not seen.

Front 45

Comparison of thoracic radiographs and single breath-hold helical CT for detection of pulmonary nodules in dogs with metastatic neoplasia

Back 45

CT is significantly more sensitive than thoracic radiography for detecting soft-tissue nodules in dogs. 1 mm nodules were reliably detected with CT and 7-9 mm nodules required for rads. Only 9% of nodules found on CT were discovered by rads

Front 46

Computed tomographic evidence of bulla effusion in cats with sinonasal disease: 2001-2004

Back 46

Findings of this study suggest that auditory canal dysfunction may play a larger role in feline sinonasal disease than was previously recognized. Nasopharyngeal lymphoma was most common sinonasal neoplasm associated with bullae effusion. No cat with nasal carcinoma had bulla effusion.

Front 47

Copper metabolism and oxidative stress in chronic inflammatory and cholestatic liver diseases in dogs

Back 47

3+ or higher histochemical detection of copper indicates a primary copper storage disease. The expression profile of copper-associated genes can be used as a reference for future studies on copper-associated diseases. All 3 diseases have reduced protection against oxidative stress, opening a rationale to use antioxidants as possible therapy.

Front 48

Copper-associated chronic hepatitis in Labrador Retrievers

Back 48

A Hereditary form of hepatitis occurs in Labrador retrievers and is caused by a defect in hepatic copper metabolism. Copper is accumulated within the centrolobular regions.

Front 49

Daily controlled physiotherapy increases survival time in dogs with suspected degenerative myelopathy

Back 49

Physiotherapy improves outcome in dogs affected by degenerative myelopathy.

Front 50

Detection of Neospora caninum tachyzoites in canine cerebrospinal fluid

Back 50

Antemortem diagnosis of N. caninum by finding tachyzoites in CSF is possible. Dog in case study had been on glucocorticoids prior to diagnosis.

Front 51

Detection of activated platelets in dogs with primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia

Back 51

This study provides support for the hypothesis that platelets circulate in an activated state in many dogs with IMHA. Platelet P-selectin was 8 times higher in IMHA dogs. P-selectin may be a more sensitive test for prothrombotic tendencies than routine coagulation tests.

Front 52

Diagnosis of mediastinal masses in dogs by flow cytometry

Back 52

Flow cytometry is a useful tool for discriminating mediastinal masses. Lymphocyte-rich mediastinal masses could be unambiguously identified by flow cytometry in 13/13 cases. All cases of thymoma (n = 6) consisted of > or = 10% lymphocytes coexpressing CD4 and CD8, a phenotype that is characteristic of thymocytes, whereas 6 of 7 lymphomas contained <2% CD4+CD8+ lymphocytes. The CD4+CD8+ lymphoma could be readily distinguished flow cytometrically from thymoma by light scatter properties. The phenotypes of the remaining lymphomas were CD4+ T cell (4), CD34+ (1) and B cell (1).

Front 53

Diagnostic value of fasting plasma ammonia and bile acid concentrations in the identification of portosystemic shunting in dogs

Back 53

Ammonia is a highly sensitive and specific parameter to detect PVA and portosystemic shunting in a general population and in dogs with liver disease, whereas BA is somewhat less sensitive and considerably less specific.

Front 54

Digoxin and mexiletine sensitivity in a Collie with the MDR1 mutation

Back 54

Many drugs are substrates for p-glycoprotein. Collies should be screened for disease, especially if showing exaggerated side-effects to medications.

Front 55

Disseminated intravascular coagulation in cats

Back 55

DIC in cats can result from a variety of neoplastic, infectious, and inflammatory disorders, and is associated with a high case fatality rate. Lymphoma, other cancer, pancreatitis, sepsis were most common underlying problems.

Front 56

Doppler echocardiographic prediction of pulmonary hypertension in West Highland white terriers with chronic pulmonary disease

Back 56

Pulmonary hypertension is common in WHWT with interstitial pulmonary disease. Analysis of right ventricular Acceleration Time (AT) and AT : Ejection Time (ET) may be predictive of PH and should be particularly useful if TR is absent.

Front 57

Dried solidified blood calculi in the urinary tract of cats

Back 57

Significantly more carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur (P = .012, P = .02, and P = .012, respectively) were present in the elemental analysis of the DSB calculi than in the control calculi, suggesting that the DSB calculi are primarily formed from organic material. At this time, we are uncertain why these DSB calculi become solidified, and we recommend that samples be submitted both in formalin and preservative free to further investigate their etiology.

Front 58

Dynamics of Leishmania-specific immunoglobulin isotypes in dogs with clinical leishmaniasis before and after treatment

Back 58

The study indicates that both the IgA isotype, which is mostly produced by mucosal plasma cells, and the IgM isotype are increased in infected symptomatic dogs, as previously reported for IgG. These 3 isotypes decreased significantly 1 year after initiation of medical treatment.

Front 59

Outcome of dogs with diabetic ketoacidosis: 127 dogs (1993-2003)

Back 59

For each unit increase in the base deficit, there was a 9% greater likelihood of discharge from the hospital. The majority of dogs with DKA were not previously diagnosed with DM. Concurrent conditions and electrolyte abnormalities are common in DKA and are associated with length of hospitalization. Survival was correlated to degree of anemia, hypocalcemia, and acidosis.

Front 60

Oral amiodarone therapy in dogs with atrial fibrillation

Back 60

On the basis of >20% decrease in heart rate in 76% of the dogs and conversion to sinus rhythm in 35%, it was concluded that amiodarone may be useful in managing AF in dogs. The use of amiodarone in the medical management of AF in dogs warrants further investigation.

Front 61

N-terminal atrial natriuretic peptide immunoreactivity in plasma of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Back 61

In a population that included cats with subclinical disease, those with HCM did not have significantly higher plasma ANP-IR concentration than did healthy cats. An exploratory multivariable regression analysis suggested a linear relationship between ANP-IR concentration and atrial size, wall thickness, and their interaction.

Front 62

Myeloma-related disorders in cats commonly present as extramedullary neoplasms in contrast to myeloma in human patients: 24 cases with clinical follow-up

Back 62

Radiographic bone lesions are uncommon in cats with MRD and extramedullary presentation is common, relative to human myeloma.

Front 63

Molecular detection of microbes in nasal tissue of dogs with idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis

Back 63

Detection of high levels of fungal DNA in nasal biopsies of dogs with LPR suggests that fungal organisms may be causally associated with the inflammation observed, although the possibility of entrapment or accumulation of fungi in the nasal cavity due to chronic inflammation cannot be excluded. Further investigations are required to elucidate the underlying etiopathogenesis of LPR.

Front 64

Meningoencephalomyelitis Caused by Pasteurella multocida in a Cat

Back 64

Neurologic cat with multifocal localization had rare intracellular and extracellular rod-shaped bacteria. Culture and PCR confirmed P. multocida

Front 65

Magnetic resonance imaging findings in Finnish Spitz dogs with focal epilepsy

Back 65

Finnish Spitz dogs with focal seizures suffer from focal idiopathic epilepsy and have nondetectable findings on MRI or pathology. MRI showed poor sensitivity in detecting epileptogenic areas in our patients with focal seizures. Reversible MRI changes in 1 dog could have been caused by seizures.

Front 66

Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction secondary to hemangiosarcoma in a dog

Back 66

3yo Male Standard Schnauzer presented for exertional syncope. A mass was noted in the LVOT and the dog died 3 weeks after discharge. Histopath identified the mass as hemangiosarcoma.

Front 67

Left basilar systolic murmur in retired racing greyhounds

Back 67

Greyhounds with soft, left basilar systolic murmurs had mildly (but significantly) higher mean peak aortic velocities than similar dogs without murmurs. This 1-2/6 basilar systolic murmur is common in Greyhounds, and it does not appear to be of any clinical consequence.

Front 68

Lack of association between repeated vaccination and thyroiditis in laboratory Beagles

Back 68

There was no evidence to support an association between routine vaccination and thyroiditis at postmortem examination in beagle dogs after repeated vaccination.

Front 69

Ki67 reactivity in nasal and periocular squamous cell carcinomas in cats treated with electron beam radiation therapy

Back 69

An accelerated, hypofractionated electron beam radiation therapy protocol is well suited for feline squamous cell carcinomas. The protocol appears especially efficacious in tumors with a high Ki67 reactivity.

Front 70

Inhaled flunisolide suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, but has minimal systemic immune effects in healthy cats

Back 70

Although IGC suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, IGC had minimal effects on the systemic adaptive immune system.

Front 71

Gommeren et al. Investigation of physiologic leukopenia in Belgian Tervuren dogs. J Vet Intern Med (2006) vol. 20 (6) pp. 1340-3

Back 71

Physiologic leukopenia is uncommon in the Belgian Tervuren dog. Differences with earlier data published in North America might be due to genetic or environmental differences.

Front 72

Influence of infecting serogroup on clinical features of leptospirosis in dogs

Back 72

Dogs with suspected serogroup Pomona infection were more likely to suffer from vomiting (P = .01), thrombocytopenia (P = .009), severe azotemia (P = .04), and hyperphosphatemia (P = .006) than dogs with other serogroups and were less likely to be discharged alive from the hospital (P = .03). This study suggests that only minor clinically relevant differences exist among serogroups. Leptospira serogroup Pomona caused more severe renal disease and was associated with a worse outcome compared with disease caused by other serogroups.

Front 73

Immunoglobulin deficiency in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Pneumocystis pneumonia

Back 73

The results of this study suggest that there is a defect in immunity in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels that underlies the susceptibility of these dogs to pneumocystosis. Further studies are indicated to elucidate the mechanisms behind the defect, the prevalence within the breed, and the potential mode of inheritance of the problem.

Front 74

Immediate and late outcomes of transarterial coil occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs

Back 74

Transarterial coil occlusion was procedurally and hemodynamically successful in the majority of dogs studied. Coil embolization of the pulmonary arterial circulation was the most common complication, but single coil embolization to a pulmonary artery branch did not have adverse clinical consequences.

Front 75

Hypothyroid-associated central vestibular disease in 10 dogs: 1999-2005

Back 75

Although the pathogenesis in dogs without evidence of infarction is unknown, central vestibular dysfunction appears to be a rare but reversible neurologic sequelae of hypothyroidism

Front 76

Hypothyroid dogs treated with intravenous levothyroxine

Back 76

It was concluded that physical examination and clinicopathologic findings of dogs with a hypothyroid crisis are nonspecific, although Rottweiler dogs may be at increased risk. Concurrent disorder, such as infection, concurrent administration of thyroid hormone-altering medication, and surgery, may be associated with development of a hypothyroid crisis. Resolution of abnormal mentation, ambulation, and systolic hypotension should be expected within 30 hours. Prognosis is good in most treated dogs.

Front 77

Hyperphosphatasemia in Scottish terriers: 7 cases

Back 77

This study provides evidence of possible benign hyperphosphatasemia in Scottish Terriers or of another familial disorder causing asymptomatical hyperphosphatasemia without corresponding histopathological abnormalities in the liver. Prospective studies of ALKP isoenzyme characterization, investigation of skeletal integrity, evaluation of additional related dogs to determine prevalence, and longer follow-up evaluation are necessary to better characterize this finding.

Front 78

Hypernatremia and hyperlipidemia in a dog with central nervous system lymphosarcoma

Back 78

marked hypernatremia and hyperosmolality with appropriate urine concentration and increased urine osmolality were consistent with hypothalamic osmoreceptor dysfunction. rare cases of essential hypernatremia in humans have been associated with increases in serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations that reappear in association with recurrent hypernatremic crises.12,13 Hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were induced secondary to hypernatremia in rats adminis- tered hypertonic saline solution.13 Inhibition of lipopro- tein lipase because of high sodium chloride concentra- tion has been proposed as a possible cause.

Front 79

High complication rate of an automatic Tru-Cut biopsy gun device for liver biopsy in cats

Back 79

We conclude that the difference in complication rate is explained by the biopsy technique used. The pressure wave, which occurs when firing the automatic device, may have caused intense vagotonia and shock. Use of this automatic biopsy device should be avoided in cats because of the high risk of fatal complications.

Front 80

Heat stroke in dogs: A retrospective study of 54 cases (1999-2004) and analysis of risk factors for death

Back 80

he overall mortality rate was 50%. Hypoglycemia (<47 mg/dL, P = .003), prolonged PT (>18 seconds, P = .05), and aPTT (>30 sec, P < .001) at admission were associated with death. Serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dL (P = .003) after 24 hours, delayed admission (>90 minutes, P = .032), seizures (P = .02), and obesity (P = .04) were also risk factors for death. Heat stroke in dogs results in serious complications and high fatality rate despite appropriate treatment.

Front 81

Heart disease as a cause of death in insured Swedish dogs younger than 10 years of age

Back 81

Breed, age, and sex affect cardiac mortality in certain breeds of dogs, but no effects of month and geographic location were identified. These findings can assist clinicians in establishing diagnoses, and can assist breeders in defining priorities for preventative measures. Cavalier, Wolfhounds and Danes were at highest risk; males > females

Front 82

Gastrin-secreting neoplasia in a cat

Back 82

Pancreatic mass stained heavily for gastrin using immunohistochemical staining. Fasting gastrin, gastric ulceration and endocrine tumor can be used preoperatively for a dioagnosis. Calcium challenge can be helpful

Front 83

Dyskinesia Associated with Oral Phenobarbital Admnistration in a Dog

Back 83

Dyskinesia signs decreased when phenobarb was reduced and returned as the drug was increased. Recommend other AED if phenobarb-induced dyskinesia is noted

Front 84

Echocardiographic assessment of the left ventricular outflow tract in the Boxer

Back 84

a relatively smaller LVOT in Boxers predisposes them to increased ejection velocity and development of murmurs

Front 85

Echocardiographic estimation of systemic systolic blood pressure in dogs with mild mitral regurgitation

Back 85

Despite the significant correlation, the wide limits of agreement between the methods hinder the clinical utility of echocardiographic estimation of blood pressure.

Front 86

Effect of storage of reconstituted recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) on thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) response testing in euthyroid dogs

Back 86

Reconstituted rhTSH can be stored at 4C for 4 weeks and at -20C for 8 weeks without loss of biological activity

Front 87

Effectiveness of acupuncture in veterinary medicine: systematic review

Back 87

No compelling evidence to accept or reject acupuncture for animals. Some evidence for cutaneous pain and diarrhea resolution.

Front 88

Effects of allopurinol treatment on the progression of chronic nephritis in Canine leishmaniosis (Leishmania infantum)

Back 88

Allopurinol lowered proteinuria in asymptomatic proteinuric dogs and prevented the deterioration of GFR and improved the tubulointerstitial, but not the glomerular, lesions in affected dogs. It resolved the azotemia in 5 of the 8 dogs admitted with 2nd stage chronic renal failure. Treatment with allopurinol is advisable in CL cases with asymptomatic proteinuria or 1st–2nd stage chronic renal failure.

Front 89

Effects of chemotherapy on immune responses in dogs with cancer

Back 89

Chemotherapy may have less impact on T-cell numbers and ability to mount antibody responses in dogs with cancer than was previously anticipated, though dogs with lymphoma or osteosarcoma appear to be relatively T-cell deficient before initiation of chemotherapy.

Front 90

Effects of deracoxib or buffered aspirin on the gastric mucosa of healthy dogs

Back 90

Administration of deracoxib to healthy dogs resulted in significantly lower gastric lesion scores, and fewer days of vomiting compared to aspirin, indicating that deracoxib is better tolerated than aspirin in some dogs

Front 91

Effects of dietary modification in dogs with early chronic valvular disease

Back 91

Observed changes in both blood variables and echocardiographic measurements warrant additional studies on dietary modifications in dogs with early CVD.

Front 92

Efficacy of ronidazole for treatment of feline Tritrichomonas foetus infection

Back 92

Oral administration of RDZ at 30 to 50 mg/kg q12h for 14 days resolved diarrhea and eradicated infection (on the basis of polymerase chain reaction [PCR] testing) in 1 naturally infected cat and 10 experimentally inoculated cats receiving a different isolate of T foetus.

Front 93

Endostatin and vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in healthy dogs, dogs with selected neoplasia, and dogs with nonneoplastic diseases

Back 93

Endostatin higher in older dogs and in dogs with measureable VEGF. Endostatin and PCV was associated with decreasing PCV. VEGF, but not endostatin associated with increased WBC and platelet count. VEGF, but not endostatin more likely to be increased in dogs with neoplasia. Similar factors may be involved with both VEGF and endostatin, but further work is necessary.

Front 94

Epilepsy in Irish Wolfhounds

Back 94

Epilepsy in IWs is likely autosomal recessive with incomplete penetrance. Males are at increased risk.

Front 95

Euthyroid sick syndrome in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy before treatment with anticonvulsant drugs

Back 95

IE is a reason for euthyroid sick syndrome. Thyroid concentrations were postitively correlated with duration of time between seizure episodes.

Front 96

Evaluation of platelet aggregation using a point-of-care instrument in retired racing Greyhounds

Back 96

PFA-100 closure times were shorter in Greyhounds than non-Greyhound breeds. Platelet counts were lower and PCV higher in Greyhounds vs. Non-Greyhounds.

Front 97

Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of benazepril in the treatment of chronic renal insufficiency in cats

Back 97

UPC were lower in cats on benazepril vs placebo. The number of cats who remained in IRIS stage 2 or 3 were higher in treated cats vs placebo.

Front 98

Failure of imidocarb dipropionate to clear experimentally induced Ehrlichia canis infection in dogs

Back 98

Imidocarb does not clear infections of E. canis in experimentally infected dogs.

Front 99

Outcomes of pituitary tumor irradiation in cats

Back 99

Radiation therapy is an effective primary treatment modality for cats presenting with neurologic signs associated with a pituitary mass and can improve clinical signs associated with concurrent hyperadrenocorticism or acromegaly in cats with no neurologic abnormalities.

Front 100

Perinuclear antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody and response to treatment in diarrheic dogs with food responsive disease or inflammatory bowel disease

Back 100

Dogs with food responsive diarrhea (FRD) had significantly higher pANCA scores and were more likely to be have positive titers. A significant decrease was seen in dogs with FRD after treatment. An increase in pANCA titeres was seen in IBD dogs after treatment with pred. A positive pANCA test before therapy may aid in the diagnosis of FRD.

Front 101

Pharmacodynamics of carvedilol in conscious, healthy dogs

Back 101

carvedilol (1.5 mg/kg PO q12h) in healthy, conscious dogs confers nonselective beta blockade for 12 hours, with minimal effects on resting HR, BP, and echocardiographic variables. Additionally, the magnitude of beta blockade correlated strongly to peak plasma carvedilol concentration, suggesting that therapeutic drug monitoring may be clinically useful.

Front 102

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of ramipril and ramiprilat in healthy dogs and dogs with reduced glomerular filtration rate

Back 102

No adjustment of the recommended PO dosage of ramipril is needed in dogs with moderate renal impairment.

Front 103

Ramapril

Back 103

Prodrug that undergoes de-esterification to form ramiprilat, an ACE inhibitor

Front 104

Phase I and pharmacokinetic evaluation of the combination of orally administered docetaxel and cyclosporin A in tumor-bearing cats

Back 104

Based on the clinical toxicity profile, with gastrointestinal adverse effects and hematologic toxicity the maximal tolerated dose of oral DT was 1.75 mg/kg in combination with 5 mg/kg CSA.

Front 105

Phase I evaluation of low-dose suramin as chemosensitizer of doxorubicin in dogs with naturally occurring cancers

Back 105

A fixed, low-dose suramin regimen yields the desired target plasma concentrations in most dogs, and appears to enhance the activity of doxorubicin without enhancing toxicity.

Front 106

Physiologic VDD versus nonphysiologic VVI pacing in canine 3rd-degree atrioventricular block

Back 106

This study confirms the potential to achieve physiologic pacing with a commercial, single-lead system in dogs. VDD pacing improved hemodynamics and neurohormonal profiles over asynchronous pacing although the long-term clinical benefits of these changes remain to be determined.

Front 107

Portosystemic shunt associated with severe episodic weakness

Back 107

Weakness, seizures and megaesophagus. All neurological signs resolved after partial attenuation of the shunt. Thoracic radiographs were never repeated, but regurgitation stopped.

Front 108

Postoperative adjuvant treatment of invasive malignant mammary gland tumors in dogs with doxorubicin and docetaxel

Back 108

Chemotherapy did not lead to an improved outcome in this population. Docetaxel treatment was well tolerated. Additional investigations of adjuvant chemotherapy in dogs with high-risk mammary cancer are warranted.

Front 109

Prevalence of unilateral and bilateral deafness in border collies and association with phenotype

Back 109

Associations between CSD and pigmentation patterns linked to the merle gene were demonstrated for Border Collies. Evidence for an inherited component to CSD in Border Collies supports selective breeding from only tested and normal parents to reduce the prevalence of this disease.

Front 110

Primary cardiac lipoma in a dog

Back 110

Invading lipoma into myocardium as a cause of dyspnea and exercise intolorance. Rigt atrial thrombus was associated with the mass.

Front 111

Primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in 19 cats: diagnosis, therapy, and outcome (1998-2004)

Back 111

pIMHA appears to occur more frequently than recognized previously, with a more favorable prognosis in cats than in dogs. The CT was useful in identifying immune-mediated pathogenesis.

Front 112

Primary renal neoplasia of dogs

Back 112

Primary renal tumors in dogs are generally highly malignant with surgery being the only treatment that improves survival. Carcinomas were the most common tumor-type in this study.

Front 113

Prognostic indicators for dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy

Back 113

in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy the restrictive transmitral flow (TMF) pattern appears to represent a useful prognostic indicator. Class of HF, ascites, ESV-I, and EF are also useful indexes if an adequate TMF pattern is not recorded.

Front 114

Prospective evaluation of the balloon-to-annulus ratio for valvuloplasty in the treatment of pulmonic stenosis in the dog

Back 114

Multiple factors influenced determination of the BAR and a range of 1.2–1.5 was effective without detrimental consequences. Dogs with severe PS had continued decrease in RV pressure 3 months after treatment.

Front 115

Pulmonary lesions in cats with diabetes mellitus

Back 115

There was a significant association between the presence of abnormal pulmonary histopathology and DM. Pulmonary abnormalities detected by histopathological examination in cats with diabetes included congestion and edema, histiocytosis, pneumonia, smooth muscle hypertrophy, fibrosis, mineralization, neoplasia, and type II pneumocyte hyperplasia. The observed association between DM and pulmonary lesions in cats, independent of clinical evidence of respiratory disease, emphasizes the need for careful assessment of the respiratory tract in sick cats with diabetes.

Front 116

Pulmonary thromboembolism in a heartworm-positive cat

Back 116

CT angiography and lung function testing should be considered useful in diagnosing PTE in cats.

Front 117

Pulsed tissue Doppler imaging in normal cats and cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Back 117

This study identified both diastolic and systolic impairment in cats with HCM compared with normal cats. The study also documents the normal physiologic nonhomogeneity in myocardial motion in cats and the subsequent loss of this feature in the HCM diseased state.

Front 118

Recurrence rate, clinical outcome, and cellular proliferation indices as prognostic indicators after incomplete surgical excision of cutaneous grade II mast cell tumors: 28 dogs (1994-2002)

Back 118

The combination of Ki-67 and PCNA scores was prognostic for local recurrence (P 5 .03) and development of local recurrence was prognostic for decreased overall survival (P 5 .04). Results suggest that a minority of incompletely excised MCTs recur. Therefore, ancillary local therapies may not always be necessary. However, local recurrence can negatively affect survival of the affected dogs. Cellular proliferation indices may indicate the likelihood of MCT recurrence after incomplete excision.

Front 119

Relationship between retinoic acid receptor alpha gene expression and growth-inhibitory effect of all-trans retinoic acid on canine tumor cells

Back 119

These results suggest that ATRA may be an effective antitumor agent for MCT in dogs, and that prior measurement of expression of RARa mRNA may be a good indicator of the effectiveness of ATRA treatment.

Front 120

Response of canine cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma to lomustine (CCNU): a retrospective study of 46 cases

Back 120

Given the high response rate and well tolerated protocol, prospective studies are warranted to investigate the utility of CCNU alone or in multi-agent protocols for the treatment of ELSA.

Front 121

Simplified methods for estimation of plasma clearance of iohexol in dogs and cats

Back 121

The best combination of time for the 2-sample method was 5 and 120 minutes in dogs and 20 and 180 minutes in cats. The best time for sampling in the single-sample method was 120 minutes in dogs and 80 minutes in cats. Plasma clearance of iohexol can be estimated in dogs and cats from 1 or 2 blood samples with a reasonable margin of error.

Front 122

Single agent gemcitabine chemotherapy in dogs with spontaneously occurring lymphoma

Back 122

Gemcitabine administration as a single agent resulted in lowered neutrophil and platelet counts and did not reduce lymphoma burden.

Front 123

Survival of cats with naturally occurring chronic renal failure is related to severity of proteinuria

Back 123

Despite the relatively low concentrations of proteinuria typical of chronic renal disease in cats (>0.2 UPC), this measurement is of prognostic significance.

Front 124

Systemic hypertension in dogs with leishmaniasis: prevalence and clinical consequences

Back 124

systemic hypertension is prevalent in dogs with renal disease secondary to leishmaniasis, even without azotemia. Left ventricular hypertrophy was the most common systemic consequence of SH.

Front 125

Systolic and diastolic myocardial dysfunction in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or systemic hypertension

Back 125

LVFW motion is similarly altered in cats with HCM and LVH-SHT. This dysfunction occurs independently of the presence of myocardial hypertrophy, demonstrating that TDI is capable of detecting systolic and diastolic segmental functional changes in nonhypertrophied wall segments in cats with HCM and SHT.

Front 126

Temporal relationship between gastrointestinal protein loss, gastric ulceration or erosion, and strenuous exercise in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Back 126

These data suggest that relatively modest exercise is required to increase intestinal protein loss, but more substantial exercise is required to cause alterations in the proximal gastrointestinal tract. However, none of these alterations appear to progress with increasing exercise duration.

Front 127

The effect of ramipril on left ventricular mass, myocardial fibrosis, diastolic function, and plasma neurohormones in Maine Coon cats with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without heart failure

Back 127

Treatment of Maine Coon cats with HCM without CHF with ramipril did not change LV mass, improve diastolic function, alter DE, or alter plasma BNP or aldosterone concentrations in a relevant manner.

Front 128

The use of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator in a Boxer Dog to control clinical signs of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Back 128

Implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator successfully treated arrhythmogenic right-sided cardiomyopathy in a boxer

Front 129

The use of intravenous human immunoglobulin in treatment of severe pemphigus foliaceus in a dog

Back 129

A total of 10 treatments of IVIG were given to treat pemphigus foliaceus in an 11 year-old wire-haired fox terrier. No adverse side-effects related to IVIG administration were noted.

Front 130

Third-degree atrioventricular block in 21 cats (1997-2004)

Back 130

Third-degree heart block in cats is often not immediately life threatening. Survival was not affected by the presence of underlying heart disease or congestive heart failure at the time of presentation. Even cats with collapse might survive > 1 year without pacemaker implantation.

Front 131

Tissue Doppler imaging and gradient echo cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in normal cats and cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Back 131

TDI, but not gradient echo cMRI, was effective in detecting diastolic dysfunction in cats with moderate to severe HCM compared with normal cats.
Propofol did not reduce diastolic function (Em) in cats with HCM but mildly reduced systolic myocardial velocity (S) in Maine Coon cats with HCM that were anesthetized with propofol

Front 132

Tissue Doppler imaging for detection of radial and longitudinal myocardial dysfunction in a family of cats affected by dystrophin-deficient hypertrophic muscular dystrophy

Back 132

TDI appears more sensitive than conventional echocardiography in detecting regional myocardial abnormalities.

Front 133

Tolerability and efficacy of benazepril in cats with chronic kidney disease

Back 133

Benazepril was well tolerated and decreased proteinuria in cats with CKD. No significant affect on survival was noted.

Front 134

Toxic neutrophils in cats: clinical and clinicopathologic features, and disease prevalence and outcome--a retrospective case control study

Back 134

Toxic neutrophils were found to be associated with certain clinicopathologic abnormalities, and when present, may aid in the diagnosis, as well as the assessment of hospitalization duration and cost. The evaluation of blood smears for toxic neutrophils provided useful clinical information.

Front 135

Treatment of Conidiobolus sp. pneumonia with itraconazole in a dog receiving immunosuppressive therapy

Back 135

Successful resolution of Conidobolus pneumonia with long term itraconazole therapy.

Front 136

Treatment of dogs with lymphoma using a 12-week, maintenance-free combination chemotherapy protocol

Back 136

12-week maintenance-free chemotherapy protocol was well tolerated and had satisfactory results.

Front 137

Ultrasonographic assessment of regional radial and longitudinal systolic function in healthy awake dogs

Back 137

Strain and Stain Rate imaging is a repeatable and reproducible method for assessing systolic myocardial function. The combination of these indices with conventional echocardiographic variables may be useful for screening canine myocardial diseases.

Front 138

Urine N-telopeptide excretion in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma

Back 138

This study suggests that high urinary NTx excretion may support the diagnosis of focal skeletal osteolysis in dogs, and reductions in urine NTx excretion after treatment may reflect elimination or minimization of pathologic bone resorption. No correlation between Ntx excretion and tumor length or bALP activity was noted.

Front 139

Use of glargine and lente insulins in cats with diabetes mellitus

Back 139

There was significant improvement in serum fructosamine and glucose concentrations in all cats but there was no significant difference between the 2 insulin groups. This study suggests once daily glargine along with high-protein diet is a reasonable therapy for cats with diabetes.

Front 140

Use of ketamine for the management of refractory status epilepticus in a dog

Back 140

Two 5 mg/kg boluses followed by a CRI at 5 mg/kg/hr of ketamine in an 8 year-old yorkie stopped seizure activity. Ketamine is an NMDA receptor antagonist and has been shown to be effective against refractory seizures in people.

Front 141

Use of rheolytic thrombectomy in the treatment of feline distal aortic thromboembolism

Back 141

Thrombus was removed in 5 of 6 cats and 3 cats survived to discharge.

Front 142

Utility of polymerase chain reaction for analysis of antigen receptor rearrangement in staging and predicting prognosis in dogs with lymphoma

Back 142

PARR assay was more likely to detect tumor cells in blood in stage 5 lymphomas. PARR was more sensitive for detecting circulating tumor cells than visual assessment of blood or bone marrow because 80% of stage 3 lymphomas were blood-PARR-positive. PCR stage was not prognostic for disease-free interval (DFI) or survival.

Front 143

Validation of 2 techniques for electrocardiographic recording in dogs and cats

Back 143

this study supports the reliability and clinical validity of the ‘‘gel’’ and ‘‘pads’’ techniques for ECG recording both in the dog and the cat, with some limitations for the ‘‘pads’’ technique in cats.

Front 144

Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in canine intracranial meningiomas and association with patient survival

Back 144

VEGF expression can be measured in canine intracranial meningiomas and may be associated with poor outcome. The extent of VEGF expression may be useful as a prognostic indicator

Front 145

Vestibular, vaginal, and urethral relations in spayed dogs with and without lower urinary tract signs

Back 145

No statistical difference in measurments between normal dogs or dogs with lower urinary tract disease could be found.

Front 146

A high-protein, high-fiber diet designed for weight loss improves satiety in dogs

Back 146

A high-protein, high-fiber diet had a satiating effect as evidenced by reduced voluntary intake compared with high protein and high fiber diets, and has the potential to lead to greater compliance in weight-loss programs.

Front 147

A neurologic syndrome in Golden Retrievers presenting as a sensory ataxic neuropathy

Back 147

A sensory ataxic neuropathy has been observed in Swedish Golden Retrievers recently. Dysmetria, postural reactions, and reflexes were abnormal. No decreased muscle tone. Histopath revealed revealed a chronic progressive central and peripheral sensorimotor axonopathy; the proprioceptive pathways were most severely affected. This is unlike other axonopathies in dogs. A hereditary connection was established, but the specific mode of inheritance was unknown.

Front 148

A newly recognized blood group in domestic shorthair cats: the Mik red cell antigen

Back 148

The absence of this novel Mik red cell antigen can be associated with naturally occurring anti-Mik alloantibodies and can elicit an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction after an AB-matched blood transfusion.

Front 149

A novel mutation of the CLCN1 gene associated with myotonia hereditaria in an Australian cattle dog

Back 149

Sequence data obtained from the affected dog confirmed that it was homozygous for a single base insertion in the CLCN1 coding sequence. This mutation would result in a truncated ClC-1 protein being expressed, which, based on molecular evidence from other studies, would result in functionally compromised chloride conduction in the skeletal muscles of the animal.

Front 150

A prospective genetic evaluation of familial dilated cardiomyopathy in the Doberman pinscher

Back 150

DCM in the Doberman Pinscher is a familial disease inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The causative gene(s) responsible for this condition remain unresolved.

Front 151

Abnormalities of serum electrolyte concentrations in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism

Back 151

Use of Na:K ratios of 27 or 28 classified 95% of dogs correctly as diseased or not diseased. The sensitivity of a Na:K ratio of 28 was 93% (CI, 85–98%) and that of 27 was 89% (CI, 80–95%). The specificity of a Na:K ratio of 28 was 96% (CI, 92– 98%) and that of 27 was 97% (CI, 93–99%). The sensitivity and specificity of a Na:K ratio of 24 were 79% (95% CI, 67–86%) and 100% (98% CI, 97%–100%), respectively.

Front 152

Acute effects of carprofen and meloxicam on canine gastrointestinal permeability and mucosal absorptive capacity

Back 152

The absence of increased GI permeability and diminished mucosal absorptive capacity in this group of dogs does not support the development of acute GI toxicosis during treatment with either meloxicam or carprofen.

Front 153

Adjuvant immunotherapy of feline fibrosarcoma with recombinant feline interferon-omega

Back 153

RFeIFN-v for the treatment of feline fibrosarcoma is safe, well tolerated, and can be easily performed in practice. To assess the efficacy of the treatment, it should be tested in a placebo-controlled trial.

Front 154

Altered tryptophan metabolism in FIV-positive cats

Back 154

Serum tryptophan concentration was significantly lower and serum kynurenine concentration was significantly higher in FIV-positive cats. The kynurenine : tryptophan ratio was .3-fold higher in FIV- positive animals, indicating increased tryptophan catabolism in this group. Dietary or pharmacologic intervention to support serum tryptophan concentrations has been shown to be clinically useful in humans with AIDS and might be applicable to cats with FIV infection.

Front 155

Anticoagulant effects of low-molecular-weight heparins in healthy cats

Back 155

Cats have rapid absorption and elimination kinetics with LMWH therapy. On the basis of pharmacokinetic modeling, cats will require higher dosages and more frequent administration of LMWH to achieve human therapeutic anti- factor Xa activity of 0.5–1 U/mL. Peak anti-Xa activity is predicted at 2 hours after administration of LMWH.

Front 156

Argyrophilic nucleolar organizing regions and Ki67 equally reflect proliferation in fine needle aspirates of normal, hyperplastic, inflamed, and neoplastic canine lymph nodes (n = 101)

Back 156

The results indicated that both AgNOR and Ki67 counts were good diagnostic tools for assessment of proliferation in aspirates of canine lymph nodes.

Front 157

Assessment of diastolic function by Doppler echocardiography in normal Doberman Pinschers and Doberman Pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy

Back 157

Doberman Pinschers showed evidence of moderate and severe diastolic dysfunction in occult and overt DCM, respectively. Short DTE may be a useful predictor of onset of CHF or sudden death.

Front 158

Assessment of regional systolic and diastolic myocardial function using tissue Doppler and strain imaging in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy

Back 158

LV contractility along both the short and long axes is impaired in dogs with spontaneous DCM, as is systolic RV and diastolic LVFW function. These myocardial alterations are associated with an inverse force-frequency relationship. Studies now are needed to determine the comparative sensitivity of TDI and St variables for the early detection of canine DCM.

Front 159

Assessment of thyroid function in dogs with low plasma thyroxine concentration

Back 159

The results of this study confirm earlier observations that, in dogs, accurate biochemical diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism poses specific problems. Previous studies, in which the TSH-stimulation test was used as the ‘‘gold standard’’ for the diagnosis of hypothyroidism may have suffered from misclassification. Quantitative measurement of thyroidal 99mTcO2 uptake has the highest discriminatory power with regard to the differentiation between primary hypothyroidism and nonthyroidal illness.

Front 160

Azotemia and glomerular filtration rate in dogs with chronic valvular disease

Back 160

Azotemia and renal impairment increase with the severity of congestive heart failure and are frequent findings in dogs with CVD. It remains to be shown if deterioration of renal function is a direct result of progression of the heart disease.

Front 161

Bacterial culture results from liver, gallbladder, or bile in 248 dogs and cats evaluated for hepatobiliary disease: 1998-2003

Back 161

Biliary cultures were much more likely to result in a positive culture than liver cultures. Surgical biopsies of liver were more likely to yield positive results than aspirates. E. coli, Enterococcus, Bacterioides, Strep, and Clostridium were most common isolates. Isolates are more likely to be susceptible to fluoroquinolones or aminoglycosides than penicillins.

Front 162

Benign familial juvenile epilepsy in Lagotto Romagnolo dogs

Back 162

This disorder, with simple or complex focal seizures and cerebellar lesions, represents a newly recognized epileptic syndrome in dogs. Pedigree analysis suggests autosomal recessive inheritance.

Front 163

Brainstem abscess due to plant foreign body in a dog

Back 163

7-month old Dachshund with brainstem granulma secondary to plant material. Dog was euthanized and diagnosis made post-mortem

Front 164

Breed associations for canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

Back 164

An association with EPI was discovered in Chows, CKCS, Rough-Coated Collies and GSD. An association in Chows has previously been unreported. Under-represented breeds include Boxers, Goldens, Labs, Rotties, and Weimaraners.

Front 165

Canine Dal blood type: A red cell antigen lacking in some Dalmatians

Back 165

Based upon the identification of an acquired alloantibody in a Dalmatian, a presumably new common blood type named Dal was identified. Dalmatians lacking the Dal antigen are likely at risk of delayed and acute hemolytic transfusion reactions.

Front 166

Cardiovascular device infections in dogs: report of 8 cases and review of the literature

Back 166

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staph were most commonly isolated bacteria associated with pacemaker implants. Pasteurella was isolated from two dogs with infections after PDA occlusion. Antibiotic therapy alone is associated with chronic complications in patients with cardiovascular implants and is unlikely to effect a cure.

Front 167

Carvedilol in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy

Back 167

Carvedilol administration did not improve echocardiographic or neurohormonal indicators of heart function. The lack of effect may be related to severity of disease, carvedilol dose, or brevity of follow-up time. Statistical power of the present study was adversely affected by a high fatality rate in study dogs and small sample size.

Front 168

CCNU for the treatment of dogs with histiocytic sarcoma

Back 168

Results suggest that CCNU is active against canine histiocytic sarcoma and may be useful in the treatment of dogs without negative prognostic factors. Thrombocytopenia and hypoalbuminemia were predictive of < 1 month survival.

Front 169

Chordae tendineae rupture in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease: prevalence, survival, and prognostic factors

Back 169

CTR is associated with a higher overall survival time than previously supposed. Its prognosis mostly depends on a combination of clinical and biochemical factors

Front 170

Chronic enteropathies in dogs: evaluation of risk factors for negative outcome

Back 170

Thirteen of 70 (18%) dogs were euthanized because of intractable disease. Univariate analysis identified a high clinical activity index, high endoscopic score in the duodenum, hypocobalaminemia (<200 ng/L) and hypoalbuminemia (<20 g/L) as risk factors for negative outcome. Based on the factors identified by logistic regression and ROC curve analysis, a new clinical scoring index (CCECAI) was defined that predicts negative outcome in dogs suffering from chronic enteropathies.

Front 171

Chronic hepatitis in Labrador Retrievers: clinical presentation and prognostic factors

Back 171

Prolonged PT and thrombocytopenia were associated with survival < 2 months. Anorexia, hypoglobulinemia, or prolonged PTT were associated with shorter survival times. A progressive hepatopathy in Labrador Retrievers in this study was marked by chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and copper accumulation. A clinical scoring system that correlates with survival time may be useful as a noninvasive method to predict prognosis.

Front 172

Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of quadrigeminal cysts in dogs

Back 172

Parenchymal compression by QC can be incidental, and other central nervous system diseases must be excluded when assessing the clinical significance of QC. However, occipital lobe compression over 14% is likely to cause clinical signs.

Front 173

Clinical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of intracavitary administration of pegylated liposomal encapsulated doxorubicin in dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma

Back 173

Intraperitoneal pegylated liposomal encapsulated doxorubicin administration did not prevent intra- abdominal recurrence of HSA in dogs.

Front 174

Clinical characterization of a familial degenerative myelopathy in Pembroke Welsh Corgi dogs

Back 174

Clinical progression of FDM in PWC dogs was similar to that observed in other breeds but characterized by a longer duration. Spinal cord pathology predominates as noninflammatory axonal degeneration. Oxidative stress injury associated with 8-isoprostane production is not involved in the pathogenesis of FDM-affected PWC dogs. A familial disease is suspected.

Front 175

Clinical efficacy and palatability of pradofloxacin 2.5% oral suspension for the treatment of bacterial lower urinary tract infections in cats

Back 175

We conclude that pradofloxacin 2.5% oral suspension is a highly effective and safe antimicrobial treatment for bacterial lower urinary tract infection in cats, and that the palatable formulation optimizes owner compliance. These findings make pradofloxacin a useful addition to the veterinary formulary.

Front 176

Clinical stage, therapy, and prognosis in canine anal sac gland carcinoma

Back 176

Retrospective evaluation revealed 4 statistically significant negative prognostic indicators for survival: lack of therapy, presence of distant metastases, presence of lymph node metastases, and primary tumor size (>2.5 cm). Lymph node extirpation was a statistically significant positive prognostic indicator by bivariate analysis. In both retrospective and prospective analyses, the modified clinical stage scheme revealed a significant association with survival time.

Front 177

Clinicopathologic features and outcome predictors of Leptospira interrogans Australis serogroup infection in dogs: a retrospective study of 20 cases (2001-2004)

Back 177

Among the evaluated clinicopathologic biomarkers, serum albumin, cardiac troponin I, CRP/Hpt, urinary albumin, and urinary total protein to creatinine ratio were found to predict outcome and warrant evaluation in larger prospective studies.

Front 178

Combination chemotherapy with L-asparaginase, lomustine, and prednisone for relapsed or refractory canine lymphoma

Back 178

Overall response rate for dogs treated with this protocol was 87% (27/31), with 52% (16/31) of dogs achieving a complete response. Median time to response was 21 days. Median time to progression was 63 days (111 days for dogs achieving a complete response and 42 days for dogs achieving a partial response). There were no significant differences in response rates and times to progression between dogs who had received L-asparaginase before beginning this rescue protocol and those who had not. Toxicoses were mild and self-limiting in 29 of 31 cases. This is a well-tolerated rescue therapy for relapsing LSA in dogs. Response rates and remission durations compare favorably to other rescue protocols. Therefore, this protocol is a viable rescue option.

Front 179

Comparative adverse cardiac effects of pimobendan and benazepril monotherapy in dogs with mild degenerative mitral valve disease: a prospective, controlled, blinded, and randomized study

Back 179

PIMO has adverse cardiac functional and morphologic effects in dogs with asymptomatic MVD. Additional investigation in dogs with symptomatic MVD is now warranted.

Front 180

Comparison and reproducibility of plasma clearance of exogenous creatinine, exo-iohexol, endo-iohexol, and 51Cr-EDTA in young adult and aged healthy cats

Back 180

Globally, the 4 methods differed significantly (P , .0001) in GFR assessment. Clearance of exo-iohexol and chromium-51 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (51Cr -EDTA) showed the highest and lowest reproducibility, respectively. Only plasma clearance of creatinine differed significantly between young adult and aged cats.

Front 181

Comparison of 3 protocols for treatment after induction of remission in dogs with lymphoma

Back 181

Consolidation with either CCNU/MOPP (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone)or Half-body Radiation Therapy showed no advantage over a standard CHOP-based protocol.

Front 182

Comparison of COAP and UW-19 protocols for dogs with multicentric lymphoma

Back 182

Use of a long-term doxorubicin-containing sequential combination chemotherapy protocol is associated with a decreased risk of relapse and death relative to a non-doxorubicin-containing protocol.

Front 183

Comparison of direct immunofluorescence, immunoassays, and fecal flotation for detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in naturally exposed cats in 4 Northern California animal shelters

Back 183

Overall prevalences of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. were 9.8 and 4.7%, respectively. The ProSpecT Microplate Assay had the highest sensitivities and specificities for Giardia spp. (91.2 and 99.4%) and Cryptosporidum spp. (71.4 and 96.7%), respectively. The SNAP Giardia antigen assay was easier to use and equally sensitive (85.3%) and specific (100%) to fecal flotation. Caution should be exercised when using human-based immunoassays for the diagnosis of Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. in cats. Fecal flotation remains a useful method for detection of Giardia spp., can be used to detect other parasites, and has a sensitivity of 97.8% for detection of Giardia spp. when combined with the SNAP Giardia immunoassay.

Front 184

Continuous low-dose oral chemotherapy for adjuvant therapy of splenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs

Back 184

Dogs treated with LDC did not develop severe adverse effects, and long-term treatment over 6 months was well- tolerated. Oral administration of etoposide resulted in detectable plasma concentrations that peaked between 30 and 60 minutes after dosing. Both the median overall survival time and the median disease-free interval in dogs treated with LDC were 178 days. By comparison, the overall survival time and disease-free interval in dogs treated with DOX were 133 and 126 days, respectively. Conclusions: Continuous orally administered LDC may be an effective alternative to conventional high-dose chemotherapy for adjuvant therapy of dogs with HSA.

Front 185

Day-to-Day variation of the urine protein: creatinine ratio in female dogs with stable glomerular proteinuria caused by X-linked hereditary nephropathy

Back 185

To demonstrate a significant difference (P , .05) between serial values in these proteinuric dogs, the UPC must change by at least 35% at high UPC values (near 12) and 80% at low UPC values (near 0.5). One measurement is adequate to reliably estimate the UPC when UPC ,4, but 2–5 determinations are necessary at higher UPC values.

Front 186

Decreased systolic function and inadequate hypertrophy in large and small breed dogs with chronic mitral valve insufficiency

Back 186

Data from this study indicate that dogs with moderate heart failure caused by CMVI have systolic dysfunction. Inadequate hypertrophy of the left ventricle may be, in part, responsible for this finding.

Front 187

Determination of the in vitro susceptibility of feline tritrichomonas foetus to 5 antimicrobial agents

Back 187

Time-kill assays demonstrated ronidazole had a higher lethal activity compared with metronidazole. These findings contrast with a previously published report and may reflect strain variation, different methodologies, or both. The lack of clinical response seen with metronidazole administration to treat feline trichomoniasis may not reflect inherent resistance but rather in vivo events involving drug distribution and pharmacokinetics.

Front 188

Diabetes mellitus in a population of 180,000 insured dogs: incidence, survival, and breed distribution

Back 188

Breed, sex (female), and previous Cushing's disease were predisposing factors. The significant breed-specific sex and age differences shown in this study indicate that genetic variation could make breeds more or less susceptible to different types of DM.

Front 189

Diagnostic accuracy of electrocardiography and thoracic radiography in the assessment of left atrial size in cats: comparison with transthoracic 2-dimensional echocardiography

Back 189

ECG and thoracic radiography are reasonably specific but less sensitive predictors of LAE in cats.

Front 190

Diagnostic value of echo-Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging in dogs with pulmonary arterial hypertension

Back 190

Tissue doppler imaging provided effective predictors of systolic PAH and demonstrated that both alterations in right-sided systolic and diastolic myocardial function can occur with mild increases in SPAP.

Front 191

Dietary energy restriction and successful weight loss in obese client-owned dogs

Back 191

This clinical study demonstrated body composition changes during weight loss in dogs. Conventional programs produced safe weight loss, but marked energy restriction was required and the rate of loss was slower than in experimental studies.

Front 192

Dissection of a patent ductus arteriosus with right heart failure in an adult dog

Back 192

3 yo MC Min Pin lethargy, labored breathing and newly recognized murmur. Owners euthanized. PDA dissection confirmed on necropsy

Front 193

Distinguishing cardiac and noncardiac dyspnea in 48 dogs using plasma atrial natriuretic factor, B-type natriuretic factor, endothelin, and cardiac troponin-I

Back 193

Plasma NT-proANP, BNP, and ET-1, but not cTnI, appear useful for distinguishing between dogs with cardiac and noncardiac causes of dyspnea, with plasma NT-proANP having the highest sensitivity (95.5%) and specificity (84.6%).

Front 194

Doxorubicin and BAY 12-9566 for the treatment of osteosarcoma in dogs: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Back 194

Treatment with BAY 12-9566 did not improve survival. Increased age, weight, serum ALP and Bone ALP were associated with poorer survival. Doxorubicin is an effective adjuvant to amputation in prolonging survival for dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma.

Front 195

Doxycycline clearance of experimentally induced chronic Ehrlichia canis infection in dogs

Back 195

E canis DNA was not detected in the blood and tissues of doxycycline-treated dogs after treatment. Platelet counts were within reference intervals, and E canis antibodies decreased. Spontaneous clearance of E canis infection occurred in 2 of 5 control dogs. Three control dogs had E canis DNA detected in blood and tissues, platelet counts remained low or within the reference interval, and E canis antibodies remained high.

Front 196

Echocardiographic and angiographic comparison of ductal dimensions in dogs with patent ductus arteriosus

Back 196

PDA dimensions were measured by using TEE most closely approximated angiographic measures. CD TTE and TEE frequently overestimated angiographic measures of minimum ductal diameter. TEE accurately identified a type III (tubular) PDA morphology in 1 dog. Fourteen of 15 dogs were determined to have hemodynamically significant reductions in left to right shunting documented by a first-pass nuclear angiocardiographic ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood flow #1.2 and trivial (n 5 3) to no (n 5 11) CD TTE flow at approximately 1 month after PDA occlusion.

Front 197

Effect of control of systolic blood pressure on survival in cats with systemic hypertension

Back 197

Only UP : C and SBP at diagnosis differed significantly between Systolic Blood Pressure Over Time quartiles. Proteinuria was the only variable significantly related to survival in hypertensive cats. A significant decline in UP : C was found in cats treated with amlodipine besylate. Proteinuria before and after treatment of hypertension is strongly associated with survival in cats with systolic hypertension. Treatment with amlodipine besylate can result in a significant reduction in UP : C.

Front 198

Effect of feline interferon-omega on the survival time and quality of life of cats with feline infectious peritonitis

Back 198

There was no statistically significant difference in the survival time of cats treated with FeIFN-v versus placebo or in any other variable evaluated (with the exception of the lymphocyte count). The cats survived between 3 and 200 days (median, 9 days). There was only 1 long-term survivor (.3 months), and the cat was in the FeIFN-v group.

Front 199

Effect of phenylpropanolamine and pseudoephedrine on the urethral pressure profile and continence scores of incontinent female dogs

Back 199

Changes in maximum urethral closure pressure and functional area after PPA therapy were significantly higher than after Pseudoephedrine (PD) therapy. There was no change in the functional profile length after either treatment. There was a significant increase in the continence score after PPA therapy, but not after PD therapy. More adverse effects were observed in dogs treated with PD than with PPA.

Front 200

Effects of 2 concentrations of sodium citrate on coagulation test results, von Willebrand factor concentration, and platelet function in dogs

Back 200

There is no clinically significant effect of using 3.2% sodium citrate vs 3.8%.

Front 201

Effects of 4 classes of cardiovascular drugs on ventricular function in dogs with mitral regurgitation

Back 201

Nitroglycerin produced no significant change; milrinone and ouabain increased contractility; ouabain decreased heart rate; and there was evidence that enalaprilat and milrinone decreased LAD. Milrinone and ouabain decreased isovolumetric contraction time and therefore the time available for MR. There was no evidence that a positive inotrope increased MR despite increasing LV contractility and stroke volume. This study contradicts the hypotheses that (1) strengthening the left ventricle may increase MR and (2) treatment of MR (even before symptoms of heart failure develop) may decrease LAD. It is reasonable that strengthening the force of LV contraction should increase the driving pressure for MR; however, this effect did not appear to increase MR. Although some investigators believe that treating dogs with MR with afterload reducers and decreasing hindrance to ejection of blood from the LV to aorta may lengthen life by decreasing MR, there did not appear to be a reduction in MR, at least in response to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.

Front 202

Effects of blood collection for transfusion on arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and PCV in cats

Back 202

The collection of a unit of blood for transfusion from healthy donor cats weighing more than 5 kg appears to be safe, but this procedure leads to a decrease in arterial BP, PCV, and HR.

Front 203

Effects of carvedilol treatment in dogs with chronic mitral valvular disease

Back 203

The studied dose of carvedilol in this group did not improve the sympathetic activation and echocardiographic variables over 3 months of chronic oral treatment. However, the results suggested a beneficial effect on the quality of life score, functional classification, and a reduction on systolic blood pressure.

Front 204

Effects of L-asparaginase on plasma amino acid profiles and tumor burden in cats with lymphoma

Back 204

L-Asparaginase significantly reduced asparagine concentrations within 2 days of treatment, but this effect was lost within 7 days. The apparent overall response rate of feline LSA to L-asparaginase in this study was 30%.

Front 205

Efficacy of famotidine for the prevention of exercise-induced gastritis in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Back 205

Treatment with famotidine significantly reduced the severity score compared with control (P 5 .0004). No adverse effects of treatment were reported. Famotidine is effective in reducing the severity of exercise-induced gastric disease in racing Alaskan sled dogs, with minimal to no adverse effects, and may be recommended for prophylactic use in short distance races.

Front 206

Electroencephalography findings in healthy and Finnish Spitz dogs with epilepsy: visual and background quantitative analysis

Back 206

Benign epileptiform transients of sleep could be easily misinterpreted as epileptiform activity. Epileptiform activity in Finnish Spitz dogs with epilepsy seems to originate from a posterior-occipital location. The EEG of dogs with epilepsy exhibited a significant difference in background frequency bands compared with the control dogs. Phenobarbital treatment markedly influenced all background activity bands. Quantitative EEG analysis, in addition to visual analysis, seems to be a useful tool in the examination of patients with epilepsy.

Front 207

Esophageal varices due to a probable arteriovenous communication in a dog

Back 207

Downhill esophageal varices secondary to suspect AV malformations were noted in a 6 yo MC Samoyed.

Front 208

Evaluation of a novel tumor vaccine in dogs with hemangiosarcoma

Back 208

The most common adverse effects observed in vaccinated dogs also treated with doxorubicin chemotherapy were diarrhea and anorexia. Vaccinated dogs were found to mount strong humoral immune responses against a control antigen and, most dogs also mounted antibody responses against canine HSA cells. Thirteen dogs with stage II splenic HSA that received the tumor vaccine plus doxorubicin chemotherapy had an overall median survival time of 182 days.

Front 209

Evaluation of antineutrophil IgG antibodies in persistently neutropenic dogs

Back 209

Antineutrophil antibodies were detected in the serum of 5 of 6 dogs with a clinical diagnosis of IMN. Leukoagglutination was present in 3 dogs. Four dogs had altered neutrophil distribution in forward-angle versus side-angle light scatter plots. Five of 6 dogs had increased neutrophil fluorescence intensity and 4 of 6 dogs had an increased percentage of neutrophils with increased fluorescence intensity. The flow cytometric test for antineutrophil antibodies detects dogs with a clinical diagnosis of IMN. Testing for antineutrophil antibodies should include observation for leukoagglutination, observation of scatter plots for altered distribution of the neutrophil population, observation of the shape of the fluorescence histogram, determination of neutrophil fluorescence intensity, and determination of the percentage of neutrophils with increased fluorescence intensity.

Front 210

Evaluation of biological variance of cystatin C in comparison with other endogenous markers of glomerular filtration rate in healthy dogs

Back 210

In dogs, components of biological variance of cysC and crea are in the same range. Analytical precision requirements were fulfilled by creaboth, urea, and Pi. All parameters had an intermediate IoI, which allowed the application of population-based reference limits. The application of the CD for crea or cysC might be useful in detecting a decrease of GFR, when sequential measurements in an individual reveal an increase exceeding the CD but not the upper reference limit.

Front 211

Evaluation of clinical, macroscopic, and histopathologic response to treatment in nonhypoproteinemic dogs with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis

Back 211

Treatment (pred and metronidazole) of nonhypoproteinemic dogs with LPE led to clinical and endoscopic improvement, but histopathologic lesions were unchanged during therapy.

Front 212

Expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) in neoplasms of dogs and cats

Back 212

In dogs and cats, tumors classically involving bone and causing pain, often may express RANKL. Confirming RANKL expression in tumors is a necessary step toward the rational institution of novel therapies targeting malignant osteolysis via RANKL antagonism.

Front 213

Feline acromegaly: an underdiagnosed endocrinopathy?

Back 213

IGF-1 was determined in 184 variably controlled diabetic cats; 59 cats had markedly increased IGF-1 concentrations (.1,000 ng/mL; reference interval, 208–443 ng/mL). Eighteen cats subsequently were examined, and acromegaly was confirmed in 17 cats. Notable findings included absence of a detectable pituitary mass lesion in some affected cats regardless of whether CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used. Hypertension was not found to be a complication in the evaluated cats and respiratory stridor was more prevalent than previously reported.

Front 214

Flexible bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage in 68 cats (2001-2006)

Back 214

Clinical diagnoses included inflammatory airway disease in 46 of 68 cats, pneumonia in 10 of 68, neoplastic disease in 8 of 68, and other conditions in 4 of 68 cats. Mean lavage volumes instilled for the 3 scopes were 2.62–5.05 mL/kg (range, 0.77–9.38 mL/kg). Mean percent fluid recovered for the 3 scopes was 51–73%, (range, 0–140%). BAL cell counts were adequate for cytologic assessment (.300 cells/mL) in 61 of 64 cats (97%), and in 107 of 120 samples (89%) collected. Complications occurred in 38% of procedures; however, these were mild in 24% of cats; 6% of cats died or were euthanized after the procedure. Complications were not associated with fluid volume instilled or recovered, and could not be related to the underlying disease process.

Front 215

Genetic cause of autosomal recessive hereditary nephropathy in the English Cocker Spaniel

Back 215

The cause of this disease has been identified (gene COL4A4), and use of a test for the mutation will permit eradication of ARHN in the English Cocker Spaniel.

Front 216

Genotypic analysis of Giardia duodenalis in domestic cats

Back 216

The presence of diarrhea in domestic cats with Giardia cannot be used as a predictor of the presence of zoonotic genotypes in animals within the study area. Although Assemblage A was associated with age and housing, veterinarians should consider any isolation of Giardia from domestic cats as potentially zoonotic.

Front 217

Glycogen storage disease type IIIa in curly-coated retrievers

Back 217

GSD IIIa in CCR is an autosomal recessive trait caused by mutation of AGL. A DNA sequence-based carrier test was developed, and carriers were identified in the United States, New Zealand, Australia, and Finland.

Front 218

Hemostatic biomarkers in dogs with chronic congestive heart failure

Back 218

Dogs with CHF had significantly higher fibrinogen (P 5 .04), D-dimer (P 5 .002), and TAT concentration (P , .0001), lower antithrombin (P , .0001) and protein C activity (P , .001) compared with control dogs. None of the hemostatic

Front 219

Hereditary factor VII deficiency in the Alaskan Klee Kai dog

Back 219

FVII deficiency was diagnosed in 6 dogs with a median FVII activity (FVII : C) of 5% (reference range, 50–150%). All FVII-deficient Alaskan Klee Kai were homozygous for the same mutation as FVII-deficient Beagles (ie, a G to A transition), resulting in substitution of glycine 96 by glutamic acid. An overlap in the FVII:C values obtained from heterozygote and wild-type dogs precluded accurate detection of carriers without genetic screening. Plasma FVII:C accurately identifies affected dogs, but deoxyribonucleic acid testing is required for identification of carriers.

Front 220

Hyperthyroidism associated with probable struma cordis in a young dog

Back 220

Benign thyroid rest in the RVOT of people is known as a Struma cordis. This dog responded to I-131 therapy and was reported to be healthy by the owner 2 years post treatment

Front 221

Impact of chemotherapeutic dose intensity and hematologic toxicity on first remission duration in dogs with lymphoma treated with a chemoradiotherapy protocol

Back 221

Development of grade III or IV neutropenia during chemotherapy was found to be associated with prolonged first remission duration (P < .01). Dose intensity did not have a significant impact on remission duration (P < .07).

Front 222

In vitro cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression and enzymatic activity in neoplastic cells

Back 222

Western blot is more accurate than IHC for the detection of COX-2 protein in the cell lines studied. Furthermore, the semiquantitative identification of COX-2 protein by IHC or WB does not necessarily correlate with enzymatic activity. Based upon the potential inaccuracy of IHC and dissociation of COX-2 protein expression from enzymatic activity, the practice of instituting treatment of tumors with COX-2 inhibitors based solely on IHC results should be reconsidered.

Front 223

Incidence and clinical relevance of hyperglycemia in critically ill dogs

Back 223

The incidence of hyperglycemia in this population of dogs was 16%. Dogs that developed hyperglycemia had longer LOH and nonsurvivors had more pronounced hyperglycemia than did survivors.

Front 224

Inheritance, mode of inheritance, and candidate genes for primary hyperparathyroidism in Keeshonden

Back 224

Primary hyperparathyroidism is an autosomal dominant, genetically transmitted disease in Keeshonden. Once the mutation locus is identified, genetic testing should quickly decrease the incidence of PHPT in this breed. It is unlikely that mutations in MEN1, CASR, HRPT2, or RET cause PHPT in Keeshonden.

Front 225

Investigation of hypertriglyceridemia in healthy Miniature Schnauzers

Back 225

Healthy MS have a high prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia as compared to healthy dogs of other breeds. Both the prevalence and severity of hypertriglyceridemia increase with age.

Front 226

Liver function in cats with hyperthyroidism before and after 131I therapy

Back 226

High serum liver enzyme activities were not associated with abnormalities in hepatic parenchyma and liver functional variables, regardless of the degree of increase. Serum liver enzyme activities return to normal after control of hyperthyroidism with 131I therapy. Cats with hyperthyroidism have a significantly higher serum fasting ammonia concentration than cats who were euthyroid (P 5 .019). Cats with hyperthyroidism also have significantly lower serum cholesterol (P 5 .005) and glucose (P 5 .002) concentrations before compared with after 131I therapy. Nine of 19 cats with hyperthyroidism had trace ketonuria.

Front 227

Magnetic resonance imaging findings and clinical associations in 52 dogs with suspected ischemic myelopathy

Back 227

The severity of signs on presentation is associated with the presence and the extent of the lesion on MRI.

Front 228

Mammary gland tumors in male dogs

Back 228

This study suggests that mammary-gland tumors in male dogs are rare, usually benign, and surgery alone can provide long-term control in most dogs.

Front 229

Microalbuminuria is not associated with cisplatin-induced azotemia in dogs

Back 229

Microalbuminuria measured after each treatment was not associated with azotemia through the first 3 treatments. Testing for microalbuminuria as a marker for cisplatin-induced renal damage is insensitive and not recommended.

Front 230

Microsatellite instability in canine mammary gland tumors

Back 230

Although some low-level MSI often is observed, high-level MSI is an infrequent finding in canine mammary tumors. Further evaluations are required to better characterize this phenomenon and to determine its relevance to canine carcinogenesis.

Front 231

Mushroom-derived maitake PETfraction as single agent for the treatment of lymphoma in dogs

Back 231

Well tolerated, but no benefit noted. Study was sponsored by manufacturer of the mushroom extract.

Front 232

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection in a dog

Back 232

9-year old FS Golden in California. First report of CT results from a dog with TB. Owners elected euthanasia.

Front 233

Neurologic dysfunction in hypothyroid, hyperlipidemic Labrador Retrievers

Back 233

Labrador Retrievers may be predisposed to the development of severe hyperlipidemia in association with hypothyroidism. One possible consequence of severe hyperlipidemia is the development of neurologic signs due to atherosclerosis and thromboembolic events.

Front 234

Neurotoxicosis in 4 cats receiving ronidazole

Back 234

Al cats received > 60 mg/kg. All signs resolved after discontinuing medication.

Front 235

Neutrophil function in septic dogs

Back 235

An important component of neutrophil function is decreased in septic dogs. The diminished oxidative burst after Fc receptor–mediated phagocytosis in neutrophils from septic dogs could hinder the ability of the innate immune system to clear bacterial infections or it might help protect these patients from the systemic consequences of infection.

Front 236

Omega-3 fatty acids in Boxer dogs with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Back 236

Fish oil, but not flax oil, supplementation for 6 weeks reduces arrhythmia in Boxers with ARVC and that it could be useful in treating this common disease. Further studies are needed to determine optimal dose and duration of treatment.

Front 237

Papillary muscle measurements in cats with normal echocardiograms and cats with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy

Back 237

Papillary muscle measurements were larger for LVCH cats than normal cats; however, some overlap was present. The establishment of these objective measures adds to the echocardiographic examination of cats.

Front 238

Paraneoplastic hypoglycemia due to an insulin-like growth factor type-II secreting hepatocellular carcinoma in a dog

Back 238

Insulin Like Growth Factor-II from an 8-year old FI cross breed dog.

Front 239

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy tube placement in healthy dogs and cats

Back 239

Placement of a PEG-J tube is an effective, noninvasive technique for providing enteral nutritional support of healthy dogs and cats. Bolus-feeding techniques via PEG-J tubes maintain normal nutritional status in healthy dogs and cats. This procedure for jejunostomy feeding may be easily adapted for use in clinical practice outside of an intensive care facility.

Front 240

Pericardial effusion in cats: a retrospective study of clinical findings and outcome in 146 cats

Back 240

CHF is the most common cause of pericardial effusion in cats. Survival time of cats with heart failure in this study was significantly shorter than previously reported, and significantly shorter than in cats without heart failure as a cause of PE.

Front 241

Photodynamic therapy of feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma using a newly developed liposomal photosensitizer: preliminary results concerning drug safety and efficacy

Back 241

No general adverse effects were observed in cats treated with the new liposomal formulation. Mild local toxicity such as erythema and edema were seen in 15% of the patients. All cats responded to therapy, with a complete response rate of 100%. The overall 1-year control rate was 75%. The tumor recurrence rate was 20% with a median time to recurrence of 172.25 (687.1) days.

Front 242

Pituitary apoplexy-like disease in 4 dogs

Back 242

Four dogs presented with acute neurologic signs including depression (n = 3), behavioral changes (n = 1), vision loss (n = 1), seizures (n = 1), and collapse (n = 1). CT disclosed suprasellar infarction, hemorrhage, or both associated with a pituitary macroadenoma in 3 dogs and a frank hemorrhage in 1 dog. CT findings were correlated with postmortem findings, and pituitary apoplexy was confirmed by histopathology and immunocytochemistry of the pituitary tissue

Front 243

Plasma big endothelin-1, atrial natriuretic peptide, aldosterone, and norepinephrine concentrations in normal Doberman Pinschers and Doberman Pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy

Back 243

Dogs with occult DCM had significantly higher ANP concentrations compared with normal dogs . Dogs with overt DCM had significantly higher concentrations of all neurohormones compared with the normal group. Furthermore, increasing big ET-1 and NE concentrations over 1 month were associated with a shorter survival time.

Front 244

Platelet concentrations and platelet-associated IgG in greyhounds

Back 244

The mean Greyhound PC for the impedance method was below the reference interval for control dogs but was not significantly different from PC determined by other methods. An immune-mediated cause for the lower PC was unlikely because no samples had PSAIgG. The decreased PC is most consistent with breed variation. As only 0– 5% of samples, depending on analysis method, had PC ,100,000/mL, a Greyhound with a PC ,100,000/mL is not necessarily consistent with breed variation, thus diagnostic testing is indicated.

Front 245

Premature death, risk factors, and life patterns in dogs with epilepsy

Back 245

The diagnosis of epilepsy implies an increased risk of premature death. The prognosis for dogs with epilepsy is dependent on a combination of veterinary expertise, therapeutic success, and the owner’s motivation.

Front 246

Procarbazine as adjunctive therapy for treatment of dogs with presumptive antemortem diagnosis of granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis: 21 cases (1998-2004)

Back 246

Median survival time for all dogs studied was 5.0 months. Median survival time for dogs treated with procarbazine was 14.0 months and for untreated dogs, 0.73 months. Treatment with procarbazine was significantly correlated with survival time (P , .001). Procarbazine was the only independent predictor of survival. Prednisone was reduced in dosage or discontinued in 17 dogs. Adverse reactions to procarbazine therapy included myelosuppression in 7 dogs and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in 3 dogs.

Front 247

Prognostic factors in canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency: prolonged survival is likely if clinical remission is achieved

Back 247

Long-term prognosis in canine EPI is favorable for dogs that survive the initial treatment period. Although there are few predictors of good RIT or long-term survival, severe cobalamin deficiency is associated with shorter survival. Therefore, parenteral cobalamin supplementation should be considered when hypocobalaminemia is documented.

Front 248

Prognostic factors in cats with chronic kidney disease

Back 248

Increased plasma creatinine concentration, increased urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC), and increased blood leukocyte count were significantly (P < .01) associated with a shorter renal survival time and were independent risk factors. Increased concentrations of plasma phosphate or urea, and lower blood hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit were significantly (P < .01) associated with a shorter renal survival time and were dependent risk factors, because they also were significantly (P < .01) correlated with plasma creatinine concentration at baseline.

Front 249

Prophylactic trimethoprim-sulfadiazine during chemotherapy in dogs with lymphoma and osteosarcoma: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Back 249

The use of prophylactic trimethoprim-sulfadiazine has benefit in reducing morbidity in dogs with osteosarcoma or lymphoma during the first 14 days after treatment with doxorubicin.

Front 250

Prospective clinical evaluation of an ELISA B-type natriuretic peptide assay in the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in dogs presenting with cough or dyspnea

Back 250

Measurement of BNP is useful in establishing or in excluding the diagnosis of CHF in dogs with cough or dyspnea. B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations rose significantly as a function of severity of CHF.

Front 251

Regulation of COX-2 expression in canine prostate carcinoma: increased COX-2 expression is not related to inflammation

Back 251

COX-2 is expressed in canine PCA; however, expression is not related to the presence of inflammatory infiltrates. This conclusion is further supported by the finding that the cytokines TNF-a and IL-6 and their involved signaling pathways do not stimulate COX-2 expression in malignant canine prostate cells.

Front 252

Relative adrenal insufficiency in dogs with sepsis

Back 252

D-cortisol <3 mg/dL after adrenocorticotropic hormone administration is associated with systemic hypotension and decreased survival in septic dogs.

Front 253

Resolution of acute kidney injury in a cat after lily (Lilium lancifolium) intoxication

Back 253

Early and aggressive treatment (i.e. dialysis) may result in complete resolution of renal disease due to lilly intoxication in cats.

Front 254

Results of a web-based health survey of retired racing Greyhounds

Back 254

The mortality rate for Greyhounds within the 2-year period was 15% (113 of 747 died). The most common cause of death reported was cancer (66 dogs, 58%), and the most common type of cancer listed as the cause of death was osteosarcoma (28 dogs, 25%). The most commonly reported groups of diseases or disorders were skeletal (232 dogs, 33%), skin (197 dogs, 28%), digestive (132 dogs, 18%), cancer (94 dogs, 13%), and endocrine (85 dogs, 11.9%). Forty-five percent of Greyhounds diagnosed with cancer and 6% of the overall population had osteosarcoma.

Front 255

Reversible myocardial depression associated with sepsis in a dog

Back 255

Myocardial function returned to normal after successful treatment of sepsis.

Front 256

Serum C-reactive protein concentration as an indicator of remission status in dogs with multicentric lymphoma

Back 256

CRP is useful in determining complete remission status after treatment with cytotoxic drugs. However, the individual variation between dogs means CRP concentration is not sufficiently different in other remission states to permit its use in monitoring progression of the disease. Greater reliability in determining remission status might be achieved by combining CRP concentration with other serum markers.

Front 257

Serum insulin-like growth factor-I concentration in cats with diabetes mellitus and acromegaly

Back 257

Results support the use of serum IGF-I concentration as a screening test for acromegaly in diabetic cats that have clinical findings supportive of the disease.

Front 258

Sildenafil citrate therapy in 22 dogs with pulmonary hypertension

Back 258

Sildenafil did not significantly lower the degree of measurable PH in dogs. Clinical improvement and increased quality of life was seen with sildenafil treatment, despite lack of significant change in other variables.

Front 259

Single-agent pamidronate for palliative therapy of canine appendicular osteosarcoma bone pain

Back 259

Substantiated by reductions in CPIS and increases in rBMD, single-agent pamidronate administered intravenously with NSAID therapy relieves pain and diminishes pathologic bone turnover associated with appendicular OSA in a subset of dogs.

Front 260

Spinal intramedullary aberrant Spirocerca lupi migration in 3 dogs

Back 260

3 dogs had Spirocerca lupi in their spinal cord. No treatment was attempted.

Front 261

Stage migration in dogs with lymphoma

Back 261

Standardized methods of staging are necessary to prevent stage migration as more sensitive diagnostic tests are recruited.

Front 262

Successful treatment of acute tumor lysis syndrome in a dog with multicentric lymphoma

Back 262

ATLS after whole body radiation in a cat successfully treated with fluids, plasma, sodium bicarb, etc.

Front 263

Survival, neurologic response, and prognostic factors in dogs with pituitary masses treated with radiation therapy and untreated dogs

Back 263

When compared with untreated dogs, RT increased survival and controlled neurologic signs in dogs with pituitary masses.

Front 264

Suspected isolated pancreatic lipase deficiency in a dog

Back 264

Dog with normal TLI had undetectable amounts of pancreatic lipase. Dog responded well to pancreatic enzyme replacement.

Front 265

The effect of hydration status on the echocardiographic measurements of normal cats

Back 265

Altered hydration status produces changes in the echocardiographic examination of normal cats that may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of cardiomyopathy or mask its presence. Hydration status should be considered during echocardiographic examination in cats.

Front 266

The effects of age and heart rate on tricuspid annular motion velocities in healthy nonsedated cats

Back 266

Age and heart rate have minimal effects on tricuspid annular velocities.

Front 267

Tissue Doppler imaging in Maine Coon cats with a mutation of myosin binding protein C with or without hypertrophy

Back 267

The incremental reduction of Em-EAsum as group severity increased indicates that diastolic dysfunction is an early abnormality that occurs before hypertrophy development. TDI measurement of Em or EAsum of the lateral mitral annulus is an insensitive screening test for identification of phenotypically normal, genotypically affected cats.

Front 268

Transcatheter closure of a perimembranous ventricular septal defect in a dog

Back 268

VSD successfully closed with an Amplatzer device in a Old English Sheepdog.

Front 269

Transient hyperammonemia due to urea cycle enzyme deficiency in Irish wolfhounds

Back 269

Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Citrulline concentrations are controlled by the urea cycle enzymes argininosuccinase and argininosuccinate synthetase, and a defect in either of these enzymes may be responsible for the transient hyperammonemia in Irish Wolfhounds. Resolution of the hyperammonemia is associated with increased activity of alternative metabolic pathways forming glutamine and asparagine. Confirmation requires measurement of enzyme activities in liver tissue.

Front 270

Transthoracic echocardiographic measurement of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs

Back 270

The 2D-E from the left cranial parasternal view is an excellent noninvasive method to estimate the PDA minimal diameter before doing catheter intervention.

Front 271

Treatment of doxorubicin extravasation with intravenous dexrazoxane in a cat

Back 271

First report of successful use of dexrazoxane to treat extravasation of doxorubicin in a domestic animal

Front 272

Treatment of severe immune-mediated thrombocytopenia with human IV immunoglobulin in 5 dogs

Back 272

Human IVIG was well tolerated and appeared to be associated with rapid platelet count recovery and amelioration of clinical signs in most dogs with IMT.

Front 273

Triple antimicrobial therapy and acid suppression in dogs with chronic vomiting and gastric Helicobacter spp

Back 273

Eradication rates of Helicobacter spp with both treatments were not significantly different. Eradication rates at 6 months were modest, and more effective treatments should be developed. Acid suppression is not a necessary component of treatment protocols for dogs. Eradication of gastric Helicobacter spp was associated with improvement in gastritis scores. Dramatic reduction of the vomiting frequency occurred with both treatment protocols. Gastric Helicobacter spp may cause or contribute to chronic vomiting and gastritis in some dogs.

Front 274

Urinary catecholamine and metanephrine to creatinine ratios in healthy dogs at home and in a hospital environment and in 2 dogs with pheochromocytoma

Back 274

Stress associated with a hospital visit and with the sampling procedure causes increases in urine catecholamine and metanephrine excretion. Urine collection for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma probably should take place at home after adaptation to the sampling procedure.

Front 275

Use of conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction to determine the epidemiology of hemoplasma infections in anemic and nonanemic cats

Back 275

Cats may be infected with 4 hemoplasma species. The association between Mhm infection, FIV, and SCC may reflect outdoor roaming status of infected cats. The clustered distribution of infection suggests an arthropod vector in transmission.

Front 276

A comparison of five different bone resorption markers in osteosarcoma-bearing dogs, normal dogs, and dogs with orthopedic diseases

Back 276

Compared with healthy dogs and dogs with orthopedic disorders, urine NTx, serum NTx, and serum CTx con- centrations were significantly increased in dogs with OSA. For urine NTx and serum NTx, the calculated lower and upper 95% confidence limits in dogs with OSA did not overlap with dogs diagnosed with orthopedic disorders or healthy dogs.

Front 277

A novel clinical scoring system for outcome prediction in dogs with acute kidney injury managed by hemodialysis

Back 277

Higher scores were associated with decreased probability of survival (P < .001). Models A, B, C, and D correctly classified outcomes in 81, 83, 87, and 76% of cases, respectively, and optimal sensitivities/specificities were 77/85, 81/85, 83/90 and 92/61%, respectively.

Front 278

A novel leukoencephalomyelopathy of Leonberger dogs

Back 278

This report describes the clinical signs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and neuropathology of a novel neurodegenerative disorder affecting the white matter of brain and spinal cord in 2 Leonberger dogs.

Front 279

A phase II clinical trial of vinorelbine in dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumors

Back 279

Vinorelbine was associated with an overall response rate of 13% and a high prevalence of neutropenia. Additional studies are indicated to determine if repeated dosing of vinorelbine or combination of vinorelbine with other drugs increases the observed biologic activity against canine MCT

Front 280

A single sample method for evaluating 51chromium-ethylene diaminic tetraacetic acid clearance in normal and hyperthyroid cats

Back 280

Inthisstudy,thesinglesample51Cr-EDTAclearancemethodwasusedtoestimatethe global GFR in cats. The method identified differences in clearance between normal and hyperthyroid cats. The optimal time for an SBS was 48 minutes.

Front 281

ABCB1-1Delta polymorphism can predict hematologic toxicity in dogs treated with vincristine

Back 281

At currently recommended dosages (0.5–0.7mg/M2), vincristine is likely to cause hematologic toxicity in dogs with the ABCB1-1D mutation, resulting in treatment delays and unacceptable morbidity and mortality. Assessing the ABCB1-1D genotype before vincristine administration and decreasing the dosage may prevent toxicity and treatment delays resulting from neutropenia or thrombocytopenia.

Front 282

Acute hemobilia and hemocholecyst in 2 dogs with gallbladder carcinoid

Back 282

Contrary to previous reports, baseline cortisol concentrations in CPSS and healthy dogs are similar. Many CPSS dogs have postoperative hypercortisolemia. Response to ACTH does not correlate with postop- erative hypoglycemia or prolonged anesthetic recovery.

Front 283

Adrenal response to adrenocorticotropic hormone in dogs before and after surgical attenuation of a single congenital portosystemic shunt

Back 283

Contrary to previous reports, baseline cortisol concentrations in CPSS and healthy dogs are similar. Many CPSS dogs have postoperative hypercortisolemia. Response to ACTH does not correlate with postop- erative hypoglycemia or prolonged anesthetic recovery.

Front 284

Aluminum toxicity following administration of aluminum-based phosphate binders in 2 dogs with renal failure

Back 284

Serum aluminum concentrations were markedly increased. Chelation of aluminum resolved neurological signs.

Front 285

Amantadine in a multimodal analgesic regimen for alleviation of refractory osteoarthritis pain in dogs

Back 285

In dogs with osteoarthritic pain refractory to an NSAID, physical activity is improved by the addition of amantadine. Amantadine might be a useful adjunct therapy for the clinical management of canine osteo- arthritic pain.

Front 286

Androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphisms in canine prostate cancer

Back 286

In this preliminary study, short CAG-1 repeats in the AR-gene were associated with an increased risk of developing canine PC. Although breed-specific differences in allelic distribution of CAG-1 and CAG-3 repeats were found, these could not be related to PC risk.

Front 287

Anti-erythrocyte antibodies and disease associations in anemic and nonanemic dogs

Back 287

Anemic dogs with immune-mediated diseases and infectious diseases were at the highest risk for the development of anti-RBC antibodies, and flow cytometry for the detection of IgG on RBC was highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of IMHA.

Front 288

Anti-insulin antibodies in diabetic dogs before and after treatment with different insulin preparations

Back 288

This study indicates that bovine insulin is more immunogenic than porcine insulin when used for treatment of diabetic dogs.

Front 289

Antigen and antibody testing for the diagnosis of blastomycosis in dogs

Back 289

The sensitivity for the detection of antigen in urine was 93.5% and it was 87.0% in serum. The sensitivity of antibody detection by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) was 17.4% and it was 76.1% by EIA. Antigen and antibody decreased during itraconazole treatment. Antigendetectionisamoresensitivetestfordiagnosisofblastomycosisthanantibody testing by AGID, the only commercially available method. Antigen concentrations decreased with treatment.

Front 290

Association of age and heart rate with pulsed-wave Doppler measurements in healthy, nonsedated cats

Back 290

The association of several PW Doppler-derived variables and age and heart rate is weak and not clinically important.

Front 291

Association of body weight and body condition with survival in dogs with heart failure

Back 291

Survival was significantly different between dogs that gained, lost, or maintained body weight over the course of their disease (P 5 .04), with dogs that gained weight surviving the longest. BCS and medications were not significantly asso- ciated with survival time; however, n-3 fatty acid intake was associated with longer survival time (P 5 .009).

Front 292

Bartonella DNA in the blood and lymph nodes of Golden Retrievers with lymphoma and in healthy controls

Back 292

Using PCR analyses and DNA sequencing, single and coinfections with Bartonella henselae, Bartonella elizabethae, Bartonella quintana, and/or Bartonella vinsonii (berkhoffii) were detected in the blood and lymph node aspirates of Golden Retrievers with lymphoma (5/28 dogs, 18%) and in healthy Golden Retrievers (10/56 dogs, 18%); no Anaplasma or Ehrlichia DNA was detected in any dog. When compared with dogs with lymphoma, a higher (P o.001) proportion of healthy Golden Retrievers were receiving monthly acaricide treatments (2.6 times higher).

Front 293

Bartonella-associated meningoradiculoneuritis and dermatitis or panniculitis in 3 dogs

Back 293

First report of spinal cord involvement of a granuloma associated with Bartonella infection. Dogs responded to either fluoroquinolone or azithromycin therapy after surgery.

Front 294

Bradycardia-associated syncope in 7 Boxers with ventricular tachycardia (2002-2005)

Back 294

Neurocardiogenic bradycardia or VT can occur as isolated problems in Boxers. In some Boxers, VT and potential or manifest neurocardiogenic bradycardia coexist. The administration of a b-blocker or sotalol to such dogs can aggravate or precipitate neurocardiogenic bradycardia-related syncope.

Front 295

Canine intraspinal meningiomas: imaging features, histopathologic classification, and long-term outcome in 34 dogs

Back 295

Biopsy is necessary for definitive diagnosis, but imaging and CSF analysis can suggest a diagnosis of meningioma. Treatment of meningiomas with surgery and radiation therapy can result in a fair to excellent prognosis.

Front 296

Canine lymphoproliferative disease characterized by lymphocytosis: immunophenotypic markers of prognosis

Back 296

Four main phenotypic classifications were found: CD8+ T-cell, CD21+ B-cell, CD4-8-5+ (aberrant T-cell phenotype), and CD34+ (undifferentiated progenitor). Expression of CD34 predicted poor outcome with median survival of 16 days (P < .0001) compared with other phenotypes. Within the CD8+ phenotype, dogs presenting with a lymphocytosis >30,000 lymphocytes/mL had significantly shorter median survival (131 days) than those presenting with <30,000 lymphocytes/mL (1098 days, P < .0008). Within the T-cell leukemias, there was no difference in outcome between dogs with CD4-8-5+ leukemia and dogs with the CD8+ T-cell phenotype nor was the loss of expression of the pan-leukocyte marker CD45 associated with decreased survival time. A CD21+ lymphocytosis composed of large cells was associated with shorter survival time (129 days) than those with smaller circulating cells (median survival not reached, P <.01). Immunophenotyping provides an objective method for determining prognosis in lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by lymphocytosis.

Front 297

Cardiac arrhythmias and serum cardiac troponins in Vipera palaestinae envenomation in dogs

Back 297

Dogs envenomed by V.palaestinae appear to sustain some degree of myocardial injury, as reflected by increased serum cTn concentrations and by the occurrence of arrhythmias. The latter should alert clinicians to a potentially ongoing cardiac injury. An increase in cTn-T may be of clinical relevance and indicate a cardiac injury in V. palaestinae envenomations in dogs.

Front 298

Choroid plexus tumors in 56 dogs

Back 298

MRI, CSF analysis or both can help to differentiate between CPPs and CPCs, and may provide valuable prognostic and pretreatment information.

Front 299

Chronic disseminated Mycobacterium xenopi infection in a cat with idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia

Back 299

Cat survived for 7 years with combination therapy with enrofloxacin or ciprofloxacin, rifampin, clofazimine, and clarithromycin. Suspected CD 4+ T-Cell deficiency predisposed cat to mycobacterium infection

Front 300

Chronicity of atrial fibrillation affects duration of sinus rhythm after transthoracic cardioversion of dogs with naturally occurring atrial fibrillation

Back 300

The presence of structural heart disease and the duration of documented AF had significant effects on maintenance of sinus rhythm after cardioversion (P o.001 and P 5 .022, respectively). The duration of documented AF was inversely related to the duration of sinus rhythm (P 5 .022) in dogs with and without structural heart disease.

Front 301

Circulating natriuretic peptides in cats with heart disease

Back 301

Serum concentrations of NT-proANP and particularly NT-proBNP were different in healthy control cats, asymptomatic cats with HD, and cats with CHF, suggesting that measurement of NP concentrations may prove clinically useful as an initial screening test for cats with suspected cardiac disease.

Front 302

Clinical features of canine granulocytic anaplasmosis in 18 naturally infected dogs

Back 302

Clinical findings in dogs with CGA were nonspecific. Positive platelet-bound antibody test results suggest immune-mediated platelet destruction as an important pathogenic mechanism. With correct diagnosis and treatment, prognosis is good.

Front 303

Clinical signs, histology, and CD3-positive cells before and after treatment of dogs with chronic enteropathies

Back 303

Currently used histopathologic grading scores,total numbers of cells, and numbers of CD3-positive cells did not allow differentiation between FRD and SRD and did not correlate with clinical response to therapy. Based on these results, new grading scores assessing other criteria than total cell numbers and CD3-positive cells should be evaluated in the future.

Front 304

Clinicopathologic and diagnostic imaging characteristics of systemic aspergillosis in 30 dogs

Back 304

Systemic aspergillosis typically involves young to middle-age female German Shepherd dogs, and there are characteristic abdominal ultrasound findings with the disease process. Infection with A. deflectus was as common as A. terreus, and in rare cases, long-term survival was associated with antifungal therapy.

Front 305

Clinicopathological features and outcome for dogs with mast cell tumors and bone marrow involvement

Back 305

A combination of clinical and laboratory evaluation helps in identifying dogs with MCT and BM infiltration. Administration of lomustine is not helpful in affected dogs. The beneficial effect of imatinib warrants further investigation.

Front 306

Combination chemotherapy in feline lymphoma: treatment outcome, tolerability, and duration in 23 cats

Back 306

In this population of cats with lymphoma, chemotherapy was effective. With infre- quent and mostly low-grade toxicosis, tolerability of the protocol may be considered good.

Front 307

Combination of CCNU and DTIC chemotherapy for treatment of resistant lymphoma in dogs

Back 307

A combination of CCNU and DTIC can be an effective option to rescue dogs with resistant lymphoma.

Front 308

Comparative analysis of survivin expression in untreated and relapsed canine lymphoma

Back 308

Survivin expression is a negative prognostic factor that can predict early treatment failure of dogs that present with stage IIIa or IVa, B-cell LSA when treated with a CHOP-based protocol.

Front 309

Comparison of 3 ultrasound methods for quantifying left ventricular systolic function: correlation with disease severity and prognostic value in dogs with mitral valve disease

Back 309

ESVI can be calculated by GM and PM with good repeatability and reproducibility. However, GM overestimates ESVI in a nonlinear way. Therefore, PM-derived ESVI should be preferred for the detection of SyD that is present at the late stages of the disease.

Front 310

Comparison of postprandial and ceruletide serum bile acid stimulation in dogs

Back 310

Ceruletide SBA stimulation circumvents exogenous and endogenous influences asso- ciated with PP SBA stimulation. The results indicate that ceruletide SBA stimulation performs as well as PP SBA stimulation in dogs with PSS and is more sensitive for the detection of hepatic dysfunction in dogs with URD.

Front 311

Computer-assisted magnetic resonance imaging brain morphometry in American Staffordshire Terriers with cerebellar cortical degeneration

Back 311

Relative cerebellar size and relative CSF space calculated from MRI are effective in American Staffordshire Terriers to differentiate between normal animals and those with cerebellar cortical degeneration.

Front 312

Concentrations of acute-phase proteins in dogs with steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis

Back 312

CRP concentrations in serum are useful in diagnosis of dogs with SRMA. Serum CRP could be used as a monitoring parameter in treatment management of these dogs.

Front 313

Concurrent hepatic copper toxicosis and Fanconi's syndrome in a dog

Back 313

Report suggests a possible link between copper toxicosis and Fanconi's syndrome. Chelation of copper resolved Fanconi's syndrome in this WHWT

Front 314

Congenital thyroid hypoplasia and seizures in 2 littermate kittens

Back 314

Congenital hypothyroidism can usually be successfully treated with thyroid supplementation. The unique seizures in these cats were unusual and unexplained.

Front 315

Contrast harmonic imaging characterization of canine splenic lesions

Back 315

Moderate to extensive hypoechogenicity clearly identifies canine splenic malignant lesions. In nodules with marked enhancement, contrast harmonic ultrasound is of limited value and histology is needed.

Front 316

Contrast-enhanced power and color Doppler ultrasonography of the pancreas in healthy and diseased cats

Back 316

Contrast-enhanced Doppler ultrasonography appears feasible in the feline pancreas. Significant differences were found between normal cats and those with evidence of pancreatic pathology. Further studies are needed to evaluate its use for the differentiation of pancreatic disorders and in cats suspected to have pancreatic disease but without B-mode ultrasono- graphic changes of the pancreas.

Front 317

Correlation between the histopathological diagnosis by AgNOR count and AgNOR area in canine mammary tumors

Back 317

he results indicated that an AgNOR test could be an aid to pathologists as a prog- nostic indicator or to assist them in deciding between a benign or a malignant diagnosis in questionable cases.

Front 318

Detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis-specific DNA by PCR in intestinal biopsies of dogs

Back 318

Mycobacterium avium paratubuculosis (MAP)-specific DNA was detected in approximately one fifth of dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease and might play a role as a pathogenic agent. Apart from animal welfare, the zoonotic aspect warrants further studies addressing the viability of MAP organism in canine intestinal biopsies by culture.

Front 319

Differentiation of feline immunodeficiency virus vaccination, infection, or vaccination and infection in cats

Back 319

With the exception of viral isolation, the discriminant ELISA is the most reliable assay for diagnosis of FIV. A practical strategy for the diagnosis of FIV infection would be to use existing commercial FIV antibody assays as screening tests. Negative results with commercial assays are highly reliable predictors for lack of infection. Positive results can be confirmed with the discriminant ELISA. If the discriminant ELISA is negative, the cat is probably vaccinated against FIV but not infected. Positive results are likely to represent infection.

Front 320

Echocardiographic ratio indices in overtly healthy Boxer dogs screened for heart disease

Back 320

Boxer dogs may have an increased relative thickness of the LVW and IVS that is independent of aortic size, aortic velocity, or arterial blood pressure, and this morphology should be taken into consideration when screening Boxers by echocardiography.

Front 321

Effect of a short-term infusion with soybean oil-based lipid emulsion on phagocytic responses of canine peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes

Back 321

These results suggest that short-term infusions with a supraphysiological dose of SO- based LE may decrease the immune functions of canine PMNs. However, more long-term studies will be needed to extrapolate the effect of SO-based LE with clinically relevant doses in a practical situation.

Front 322

Effect of benazepril on survival and cardiac events in dogs with asymptomatic mitral valve disease: a retrospective study of 141 cases

Back 322

BNZ had beneficial effects in asymptomatic dogs other than CKC and KC affected by MVD with moderate-to-severe MR. Breed distribution should be taken into account for interpretation of clinical trials per- formed in dogs with cardiac disease.

Front 323

Effect of chemotherapy schedule on response in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia in a dog

Back 323

10 days on 10 days off of melphalan did not result in a response in this dog. Alternate day melphalan and pred provided durable remission suggesting dose interval may play a role in treatment outcome.

Front 324

Effect of pimobendan on case fatality rate in Doberman Pinschers with congestive heart failure caused by dilated cardiomyopathy

Back 324

Pimobendan should be used as a first-line therapeutic in Doberman Pinschers for the treatment of CHF caused by DCM.

Front 325

Effect of pimobendan or benazepril hydrochloride on survival times in dogs with congestive heart failure caused by naturally occurring myxomatous mitral valve disease: the QUEST study

Back 325

Pimobendan plus conventional therapy prolongs time to sudden death,euthanasia for cardiac reasons, or treatment failure in dogs with CHF caused by Myxomatous MVD compared with benazepril plus conventional therapy.

Front 326

Effect of sample quality on the sensitivity of endoscopic biopsy for detecting gastric and duodenal lesions in dogs and cats

Back 326

The quality of endoscopically obtained tissue samples has a profound effect on their sensitivity for identifying certain lesions, and there are differences between biopsies of canine and feline tissues.

Front 327

Effect of spironolactone on diastolic function and left ventricular mass in Maine Coon cats with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Back 327

SPIR did not improve Em or Easum of the lateral mitral annulus or alter LV mass over 4 months. One third of cats treated with SPIR developed severe ulcerative facial dermatitis.

Front 328

Effect of tyrosine kinase inhibition by imatinib mesylate on mast cell tumors in dogs

Back 328

Imatinib mesylate has clinical activity against MCT in dogs. Response could not be predicted based on presence of absence of a mutation in exon 11 of c-kit.

Front 329

Effects of aging on brainstem responses to toneburst auditory stimuli: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study in dogs

Back 329

Age-related hearing loss in these dogs started around 8–10 years of age and encom- passed the entire frequency range, but started and progressed most rapidly in the middle- to high-frequency area. Its progression can be followed by BERA with frequency-specific stimulation.

Front 330

Effects of time of collection and sample processing on von Willebrand factor concentration in retired racing greyhounds

Back 330

Time of sample collection and short-term storage temperature do not influence the vWF concentration in retired racing Greyhounds.

Front 331

Efficacy and toxicosis of VELCAP-C treatment of lymphoma in cats

Back 331

This multi-agent protocol did not provide improved survival over historical data using protocols with fewer agents. Serum LDH activity levels might provide useful prognostic information for cats with lymphoma.

Front 332

Efficacy of pradofloxacin in cats with feline upper respiratory tract disease due to Chlamydophila felis or Mycoplasma infections

Back 332

This study demonstrates that both pradofloxacin and doxycycline have good efficacy against C. felis and Mycoplasma spp., resulting in a marked improvement of clinical signs. However, C. felis DNA remained in some cats after treatment with pradofloxacin, suggesting that infection might not have been eliminated.

Front 333

Efficacy of vinblastine for treatment of canine mast cell tumors

Back 333

Vinblastine, when used as a single-agent, has activity against MCTs in dogs although the response rate is lower than those reported for VBL-containing combination protocols. Further, findings suggest VBL at a dos- age of 3.5 mg/m2 should be considered for use in future phase II/III trials.

Front 334

Endocrine and immunologic effects of inhaled fluticasone propionate in healthy dogs

Back 334

Appetite and water consumption increased during prednisone treatment. Peak serum cortisol concentrations post- ACTH were significantly decreased in prednisone- and fluticasone-treated dogs compared with placebo (prednisone 4 fluti- casone). Serum IgM concentrations were significantly decreased in dogs treated with prednisone.

Front 335

Endotracheal stent granulation stenosis resolution after colchicine therapy in a dog

Back 335

Colchicine at 0.03 mg/kg resolved tracheal granulation stenosis after 16 weeks of treatment in a 6 yo FS Yorkie with collapsing trachea treated with a stent.

Front 336

Epidemiology of necrotizing meningoencephalitis in Pug dogs

Back 336

NME appears to be a common cause of intracranial signs in Pugs, based on the high proportion of NME dogs reported in this population. Pugs with NME are most commonly young adult female dogs. Although further investigation is needed to determine the optimal treatment of NME, anticonvulsive drugs appear to beneficially affect duration of survival.

Front 337

Estimation of left ventricular filling pressure by Doppler echocardiography in dogs with pacing-induced heart failure

Back 337

E : IVRT can be used to predict LVFP in dogs with mild left-sided CHF induced by rapid pacing.

Front 338

Evaluation of human recombinant tissue factor-activated thromboelastography in 49 dogs with neoplasia

Back 338

TF-activated TEG detected hypercoagulable and hypocoagulable states in this pop- ulation of dogs with neoplasia. The most common hemostatic abnormality in dogs with malignant neoplasia was hypercoagulability. These findings suggest that this novel hemostatic function test may be of value as a cage side method for the assessment of overall hemostatic function in dogs with cancer, including the detection of both hyper- and hypocoagulable states as well as mixed disorders.

Front 339

Evaluation of NT-pro BNP and CT-ANP as markers of concentric hypertrophy in dogs with a model of compensated aortic stenosis

Back 339

This study indicated the differential regulation of NT-pro BNP and CT-ANP con- centrations during pressure overload. NT-pro BNP assay may be used as an additional screening method to stratify early-stage ventricular remodeling because of aortic constriction.

Front 340

Evaluation of plasma C-terminal atrial natriuretic peptide in healthy cats and cats with heart disease

Back 340

Volume overload significantly increased the C-terminal ANP concentration and LAP from baseline.The C-terminal ANP concentration was strongly correlated with the mean LAP. Age, E wave velocity, and the ratios of the left atrium to aorta were significantly higher in the cats with cardiomyopathy compared with the normal cats. The C-terminal ANP concentration was significantly higher in the cats with cardiomyopathy compared with the normal cats.

Front 341

Factors associated with the occurrence of epistaxis in natural canine leishmaniasis (Leishmania infantum)

Back 341

CanL-associatedepistaxisappearstobetheresultofmultipleandvariablepathogeneticfactorssuchas thrombocytopathy, hyperglobulinemia-induced serum hyperviscosity, and nasal mucosa ulceration.

Front 342

Feline visceral hemangiosarcoma

Back 342

Feline visceral HSA is most often multifocal at the time of diagnosis. The prognosis appears poor, and the number of cats receiving chemotherapy is low.

Front 343

Gastrointestinal pythiosis in 10 dogs from California

Back 343

Seven of 8 dogs for which environmental data were available had frequent access to flooded rice fields or other water sources. Esophageal lesions were present in 2 of 10 dogs. Common laboratory find- ings included eosinophilia (7/9), hypoalbuminemia (9/9), and hyperglobulinemia (8/9). Median survival time was 26.5 days (range, 0–122 days), and the disease was ultimately fatal in all 10 dogs.

Front 344

Gestational diabetes mellitus in 13 dogs

Back 344

This report suggests that GDM affects mainly middle-aged ******* in the 2nd half of pregnancy with a breed predisposition toward Nordic Spitz breeds. GDM may resolve within days to weeks after pregnancy has ended. Further research is needed to investigate optimal treatment regimens for dogs with GDM and risk factors for unsuccessful outcome.

Front 345

Glomerular filtration rate estimated by 3-sample plasma clearance of iohexol in 118 healthy dogs

Back 345

In the complete data set, there was no trend toward lower estimated GFR/kg or GFR/ECFV with increasing age. GFR decreased with age in dogs in the smallest weight quartile only. A significant negative linear relationship was detected between body weight and estimated GFR/kg and GFR/ECFV. Reference ranges in different weight quartiles were 1.54–4.25, 1.29–3.50, 0.95–3.36, and 1.12–3.39 mL/min/kg, respectively. Standardization to ECFV rather than kilogram body weight did not produce substantial changes in the relationships between GFR estimates and age or weight. Interpretation of GFR results for early diagnosis of renal failure should take into account the weight and the age of the patient for small dogs.

Front 346

Glomerular filtration rate in dogs with leishmaniasis and chronic kidney disease

Back 346

Results indicate that abnormalities in GFR can be detected early in the course of CKD secondary to leishmaniasis. Although a reduced GFR can be present in some proteinuric, nonazotemic dogs, glomerular hyperfiltration can also be observed in some of these patients. In the authors’ opinion, longitudinal studies that include GFR measurement and kidney histopathology would be necessary to clarify the role of glomerular hyperfiltration in the progression of CKD in proteinuric patients.

Front 347

Holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy for urolithiasis in dogs

Back 347

Laser lithotripsy is an effective procedure for the removal of urocystoliths, urethroliths, or both with rare important adverse effects and some limitations in male dogs. The procedure was successful in 21 of 25 dogs. The procedure was successful more often and in less time in female spayed than in male neutered dogs. Sex was identified as a predictor of success. Univariable analysis showed that sex, endoscope type, and chronological order in which the dog received lithotripsy were significantly associated with lithotripsy time. Stepwise linear regression modeling identified sex, body weight, 410 uroliths, and largest urolith dimension as predictors of lithotripsy time.

Front 348

Hormone therapy for treatment of colonic vascular ectasia in 2 dogs

Back 348

Although surgical resection is the preferred method of treatment for colonic vascular ectasia, hormone therapy is a viable alternative to surgery. Oral hormone therapy effectively decreased the severity and frequency of hematochezia in both patients, controlled their clinical signs, and maintained a normal hematocrit without sur- gical intervention.

Front 349

Hypercoagulability in cats with cardiomyopathy

Back 349

Systemic hypercoagulability is evident in many cardiomyopathic cats, often without concurrent CHF or overt ATE. Hypercoagulabilty may represent a risk factor for ATE. High vWF : Ag in ATE cats was at- tributed to downstream endothelial injury from the occlusive thrombus.

Front 350

Idiopathic immune-mediated hemolytic anemia: treatment outcome and prognostic factors in 149 dogs

Back 350

Cox proportional hazards analysis indicated that increased plasma urea concentration, icterus, and petechiae were the major independent predictors of mortality in the 1st 2 weeks. In most dogs that survived IMHA, a 3-month protocol of azathioprine with prednisolone main- tained clinical remission.

Front 351

Impact of telomerase status on canine osteosarcoma patients

Back 351

These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the majority of canine OSA are telomerase positive, suggesting that telomerase may be a valuable target for canine OSA therapy. Additionally, telomerase status does not appear to be a prognostic factor in canine OSA.

Front 352

In vivo and in vitro efficacy of zoledronate for treating oral squamous cell carcinoma in cats

Back 352

Zoledronate exerts in vitro and in vivo effects that may favor the slowing of tumor growth and pathologic bone turnover associated with OSCC.

Front 353

Infectious diseases of dogs and cats on Isabela Island, Galapagos

Back 353

Despite their relative seclusion from the rest of the world, cats and dogs of Isabela were exposed to many pathogens found in mainland South America. Parasite prophylaxis, neutering, and strict enforcement of animal movement restrictions would control a majority of the diseases. In the absence of vaccination, a reservoir of susceptible animals remains vulnerable to new disease introductions.

Front 354

Investigating CXCR4 expression in canine appendicular osteosarcoma

Back 354

Canine OSA cells express CXCR4, and its signaling participates in directional migra- tion. Most dogs with spontaneously arising OSA express CXCR4 within their primary tumors.

Front 355

Investigating TrkA expression in canine appendicular osteosarcoma

Back 355

Canine OSA cells express TrkA, and its signaling protects against apoptosis. Most dogs with spontaneously arising OSA express TrkA within their primary tumors and pulmonary metastatic lesions, warranting further investigations with TrkA antagonists as a novel treatment option for canine OSA.

Front 356

Laparoscopic diagnosis of pancreatic disease in dogs and cats

Back 356

Laparoscopy and pancreatic biopsy is useful for evaluation of pancreatic disease.

Front 357

Lidocaine converts acute vagally associated atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm in German Shepherd dogs with inherited arrhythmias

Back 357

Vagally associated AF in GS dogs is terminated with lidocaine. Lidocaine is likely an effective treatment in clinical dogs with vagally associated AF.

Front 358

Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid in dogs with type I intervertebral disc herniation

Back 358

ModeratetomarkedCSFpleocytosisindogswithtypeIIVDHismorecommonthan previously reported. Lymphocytic pleocytosis is most common in dogs with chronic progression or AOC IVDH. Lymphocytic inflammation in the CSF of some dogs might suggest an immune-mediated response to chronically herniated disc material.

Front 359

Magnetic resonance imaging and histological classification of intracranial meningiomas in 112 dogs

Back 359

Meningiomas in dogs differ from their counterparts in humans mainly in their higher incidence of atypical (Grade II) tumors observed. MRI characteristics do not allow for prediction of meningioma subtype or grade, emphasizing the necessity of histopathology for antemortem diagnosis. The higher incidence of atypical tumors in dogs may con- tribute to the poorer therapeutic response in dogs with meningiomas as compared with the response in humans with meningiomas.

Front 360

Marbofloxacin for the treatment of experimentally induced Mycoplasma haemofelis infection in cats

Back 360

Marbofloxacin was safe and resulted in more rapid hematologic improvement in M. haemofelis-infected cats, but did not change clinical scores and did not consistently eliminate infection.

Front 361

Masitinib is safe and effective for the treatment of canine mast cell tumors

Back 361

Masitinib is safe and effective at delaying tumor progression in dogs presenting with recurrent or nonresectable grade II or III nonmetastatic MCT.

Front 362

Metronomic therapy with cyclophosphamide and piroxicam effectively delays tumor recurrence in dogs with incompletely resected soft tissue sarcomas

Back 362

Metronomic therapy with cyclophosphamide and piroxicam was very effective in preventing tumor recurrence in dogs with incompletely resected STS. These findings suggest that further evaluation of this approach is warranted as adjuvant therapy in dogs with highly metastatic tumors such as osteosarcoma and melanoma.

Front 363

Minimally invasive per-catheter patent ductus arteriosus occlusion in dogs using a prototype duct occluder

Back 363

Per-catheter PDA occlusion in dogs with the ACDO is feasible and effective in dogs of a wide range of weights and somatotypes and with PDAs of varying shapes and sizes.

Front 364

Multicentric lymphoma mimicking decompensated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a cat

Back 364

This report suggests that moderate to severe pericardial effusion in the presence of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy

Front 365

Multidrug-resistant E. coli and enterobacter extraintestinal infection in 37 dogs

Back 365

Predisposing disease condition, any prior antimicrobial use rather than a specific class of antimicrobial, duration of hospitalization, and type of surgical procedure might be risk factors for acquiring MDR extra- intestinal infections. Whereas culture and sensitivity results can indicate use of last-resort antimicrobials such as imipenem for MDR infections, some affected dogs can recover after administration of high doses of co-amoxyclavulanate.

Front 366

Mutation in beta1-tubulin correlates with macrothrombocytopenia in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels

Back 366

The macrothrombocytopenia of CKCS correlated with a mutation in b1-tubulin. a–b tubulin dimers within protofilaments most likely are unstable, leading to altered proplatelet formation by megakaryocytes. This information will aid in distinguishing inherited from acquired thrombocytopenia. It also provides insight into the mechanism of platelet production by megakaryocytes, and also may prove useful in understanding heart-related changes in macro- thrombocytopenic CKCS with concurrent mitral valve regurgitation.

Front 367

N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase index as an early biomarker for chronic kidney disease in cats with hyperthyroidism

Back 367

Baseline NAGi did not differentiate azotemic from nonazotemic euthyroid cats. NAGi could be used to assess renal function during medical therapy allowing the clinician to adjust methimazole dosage accordingly. The combination of USG and T4 could optimize identification of appropriate candidates for permanent treatment of hyperthyroidism.

Front 368

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in 3 Australian shepherd littermates

Back 368

3 Australian Shepherd dogs presented with vision loss, hypermetria, behavioral changes, and/or hyperesthesia. All dogs were diagnosed with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis at necropsy. No current diagnostic tests can confirm this disease ante-mortem.

Front 369

Phase I clinical evaluation of carboplatin in tumor-bearing cats: a Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group study

Back 369

The dose of carboplatin recommended to treat tumor-bearing cats is 240 mg/m2 IV every 3–4 weeks.

Front 370

Phase I dose escalation of single-agent vinblastine in dogs

Back 370

In dogs, single-agent VBL is well tolerated at a dosage of 3.5mg/m2 IV. At this dosage, the minimum safe treatment interval is q2 weeks, and adjunct treatment with prophylactic antibiotics should be considered.

Front 371

Photodynamic therapy of superficial nasal planum squamous cell carcinomas in cats: 55 cases

Back 371

PDT using 5-ALA and a red light source was safe, well tolerated, and effective in the treatment of superficial nasal planum SCCs of cats and offers an alternative to conventional therapy. Although initial response rates were high, this treatment did not lead to a durable remission or cure in all cases.

Front 372

Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine, symmetric dimethylarginine, l-arginine, and nitrite/nitrate concentrations in cats with chronic kidney disease and hypertension

Back 372

Plasma ADMA and SDMA concentrations are increased in cats with CKD and correlate with plasma creatinine concentration. This may imply the presence of endothelial dysfunction in cats with CKD. Plasma ADMA concentrations were not associated with systemic hypertension. Treatment of systemic hypertension with amlodipine besylate did not affect plasma ADMA or NOx concentrations.

Front 373

Plasma clearance of exogenous creatinine, exo-iohexol, and endo-iohexol in hyperthyroid cats before and after treatment with radioiodine

Back 373

It is mandatory to use the same GFR technique in follow-up studies. GFR testing at 4 weeks posttreatment could allow assessment of the final renal functional loss after treatment in hyperthyroid cats.

Front 374

Portal vein thrombosis in cats: 6 cases (2001-2006)

Back 374

All 6 cats identified with PVT also had hepatic disease. Evidence of a congenital porto-systemic shunt was present in 3/6 cats. Two cats had primary or metastatic hepatic neoplasia. One cat had acute cholangitis, acute pancreatitis, and locally extensive acute centrilobular hepatic necrosis. Two cats were suspected to have acute thrombi and 4 cats had chronic thrombi.

Front 375

Postoperative bleeding in retired racing greyhounds

Back 375

The results indicate that this excessive postoperative bleeding is not attributable to a primary or secondary hemostatic defect, but could result from altered fibrinolysis.

Front 376

Predictive factors and the effect of phenoxybenzamine on outcome in dogs undergoing adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma

Back 376

PBZ-treated dogs had a significantly decreased mortality rate compared with untreated dogs. Additional significant prognostic factors for improved survival included younger age, lack of intraoperative arrhythmias, and decreased surgical time.

Front 377

Prevalence of the myosin-binding protein C mutation in Maine Coon cats

Back 377

The prevalence of the mutation (heterozygous or homozygous) was very similar among countries of submission, suggesting that the 34% mutation rate of the tested samples is a reasonable estimate of the true prevalence of the mutation within the breed. Because of the high prevalence of this mutation, a breeding recommendation to eliminate all cats with the mutation could have a substantial impact on the gene pool. Additional studies are indicated to explore the relationship between genotype and clinical outcome in affected cats.

Front 378

Principles of peripheral blood mononuclear cell apheresis in a preclinical canine model of hematopoietic cell transplantation

Back 378

Aphereses from dogs not given rcG-CSF yielded an average volume of 280 mL containing an average of 15,086 leukocytes/mL. Aphereses from dogs given rcG-CSF yielded an average volume of 261 mL containing an average of 39,711 leukocytes/mL. Higher pre-apheresis white blood cell (WBC) counts correlated with higher apheresis WBC yields. The correlations of collection time, inlet volume, and collection flow rate on WBC yields were statistically significant but only weak to moderate in magnitude as were the correlations of collection time and inlet volume on collection volumes. All dogs recovered promptly after PBMC aphereses and catheter removal, without complications.

Front 379

Prognostic usefulness of blood leukocyte changes in canine parvoviral enteritis

Back 379

An accurate prognosis could be obtained at 24 hours after admission by evaluating the change in total leukocyte, band neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil counts.

Front 380

Recombinant human thyrotropin administration enhances thyroid uptake of radioactive iodine in hyperthyroid cats

Back 380

The increased radioactive iodine uptake observed after rhTSH administration in hyperthyroid cats could lead to a lower therapeutic dose of 131I after rhTSH administration in hyperthyroid cats and decreased risk of environmental and owner contamination during and after hospitalization.

Front 381

Remission of diabetes mellitus in cats with diabetic ketoacidosis

Back 381

Remission of DM in cats presenting with DKA is possible. Cats with DKA and re- mission have more components of a stress leucogram, pancreatic disease, and seemed to be treated more often with glucocorticoids than cats with uncomplicated DM and diabetic remission.

Front 382

Risk of hemolytic anemia with intravenous administration of famotidine to hospitalized cats

Back 382

We conclude from this retrospective study that famotidine IV was given to 56 hos- pitalized cats without evidence of hemolysis, and that the IV route appeared safe when famotidine was administered over 5 minutes. We could not document a safety advantage of SC versus IV administration in this group of cats.

Front 383

Safety and efficacy of oral low-volume sodium phosphate bowel preparation for colonoscopy in dogs

Back 383

Despite the safety and ease of administration of the NaP preparations, the NaP bowel-cleansing preparations used in this study cannot be recommended for use because of the inadequate quality of bowel prepa- ration compared with the protocol using PEG-containing fluids.

Front 384

Search for Borrelia burgdorferi in kidneys of dogs with suspected "Lyme nephritis"

Back 384

Minimal evidence of the presence of intact B. burgdorferi or any other bacterial or- ganism was found in the renal tissue of dogs with suspected Lyme nephritis. Direct renal invasion by B. burgdorferi organisms does not appear to be responsible for this syndrome.

Front 385

Secondary intracranial neoplasia in the dog: 177 cases (1986-2003)

Back 385

Secondary intracranial neoplasia in dogs was more common than primary intracranial neoplasia during the time period studied. Many of these dogs had related disease in other body systems that was apparent on diagnostic tests such as thoracic radiography.

Front 386

Serial evaluation of protein C and antithrombin in dogs with sepsis

Back 386

Results of this preliminary study show that PC and AT activities change significantly over time in dogs with sepsis and both are likely related to survival.

Front 387

Serum cardiac troponin I concentration in dogs with ehrlichiosis

Back 387

Acute infection with E.canis is a risk factor for myocardial injury in naturally infected Brazilian dogs. Severity of anemia and SIRS might contribute to the pathophysiology of myocardial damage.

Front 388

Spontaneous lung lobe torsion in a cat

Back 388

A six year-old MN DSH was prresented for acute tachypnea and bilateral epistaxis. TX revealed soft tissue density in right middle lung lobe. Eventual exploratory thoracotomy revealed lung lobe torsion of right-middle lung lobe.

Front 389

Survival characteristics and prognostic variables of dogs with mitral regurgitation attributable to myxomatous valve disease

Back 389

Mild CMVI is a relatively benign condition in dogs. However, some clinical variables (LA/Ao > 1.7) can identify dogs at a higher risk of death; these variables might be useful to identify individuals that need more frequent monitoring or therapeutic intervention.

Front 390

Survival in cats with naturally occurring chronic kidney disease (2000-2002)

Back 390

IRIS stage of CKD based on serum creatinine at the time of diagnosis is strongly predictive of survival in cats with naturally occurring CKD.

Front 391

Systemic vasculitis with severe cutaneous manifestation as a suspected idiosyncratic hypersensitivity reaction to fenbendazole in a cat

Back 391

This report is the first to document vasculitis as a suspected idiosyncratic reaction to fenbendazole in a cat.

Front 392

The bone biologic effects of zoledronate in healthy dogs and dogs with malignant osteolysis

Back 392

All dogs had significant reductions in serum CTx or urine NTx concentrations or both after zoledronate admin- istration. In a subset of dogs with appendicular OSA, reduced urine NTx concentrations and increased primary tumor rBMD coincided with improved limb usage as reported by pet owners in dogs treated with zoledronate and concurrent oral analgesics. Multiple zoledronate infusions were not associated with biochemical evidence of toxicosis. In dogs with skeletal neoplasms, IV-administered zoledronate exerts bone biologic effects, appears safe, and can provide pain relief.

Front 393

The cardiac sodium-calcium exchanger gene (NCX-1) is a potential canine cardiac biomarker of chronic mitral valvular insufficiency

Back 393

The level of NCX-1 expression was significantly higher in groups of dogs with mod- erate to severe CMVI (groups III and IV) compared with the controls. Our findings indicate that NCX-1 can be a biomarker for chronic valvular disease in dogs and is a potential biomarker for severity of heart disease.

Front 394

The effects of hydrocortisone on systemic arterial blood pressure and urinary protein excretion in dogs

Back 394

Long-term hydrocortisone treatment results in significant but only mild increases in systemic BP and urinary protein excretion, which are both reversible within 1 month after discontinuation of hydrocortisone.

Front 395

The use of contralateral masking noise in the detection of unilateral deafness in Dalmatian puppies

Back 395

Abolition of BAER wave-V in the deaf ear by white masking noise in the nontest ear suggests that this wave is caused by the crossover effect. b distribution indicates 95% confidence that white masking noise, at 20 dB below click stimulus intensity, would abolish this crossover effect in over 90% of the dogs. This supports using masking noise in the nontest ear during canine BAER.

Front 396

Thromboelastographic evaluation of hemostatic function in dogs with disseminated intravascular coagulation

Back 396

The most common overall hemostatic abnormality in dogs diagnosed with DIC was hypercoagulability, and there was significant difference in survival between hyper- and hypocoagulable dogs. The results suggest TF-TEG is valuable in the assessment of hemostatic function in dogs diagnosed with DIC.

Front 397

Thromboelastographic tracings in retired racing greyhounds and in non-greyhound dogs

Back 397

In Greyhounds, clotting kinetics are slower and clot strength are weaker than in non-Greyhounds, supporting the increased tendency to bleed observed after minor trauma or surgical procedures in the breed. The findings may also be attributed to blood viscosity or to the concentration of citrate in the sample (ie, Greyhounds have higher hematocrit and less plasma per unit volume).

Front 398

Thyroid testing in Sloughis

Back 398

When evaluating Sloughis for hypothyroidism, veterinarians should be aware that these dogs have different thyroid hormone concentrations than nonsight hound dogs.

Front 399

Transarterial ductal occlusion with the Amplatzer vascular plug in 31 dogs

Back 399

Ductal occlusion with an Amplatzer vascular plug is a safe and efficacious therapy for PDA in dogs.

Front 400

Transient acquired fanconi syndrome associated with copper storage hepatopathy in 3 dogs

Back 400

Three dogs with signs similar to Wilson's disease in people. Fanconi syndrome secondary to copper storage disorder resolved after copper chelation.

Front 401

Upregulation of toll-like receptors in chronic enteropathies in dogs

Back 401

Bacteria-responsive TLR2, 4, and 9 are upregulated in duodenal and colonic mucosa in IBD. This might lead to increased inflammation through interaction with the commensal flora. The absence of significant changes after therapy despite clinical improvement might point toward the existence of a genetic predisposition to IBD as described in human IBD.

Front 402

Urinary aldosterone to creatinine ratio in cats before and after suppression with salt or fludrocortisone acetate

Back 402

Using the urine aldosterone:creatinine ration for an oral fludrocortisone suppression test may be useful for the diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism in cats.

Front 403

Use of a low-dose ACTH stimulation test for diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs

Back 403

Low-dose ACTH stimulation testing distinguishes between dogs with nonadrenal illness and hypoadrenocorticism. Additionally, the administration of 2 ACTH stimulation tests on consecutive days does not affect results of the second test.

Front 404

Use of electrohydraulic lithotripsy in 28 dogs with bladder and urethral calculi

Back 404

Results of this study support the use of EHL as a minimally invasive treatment for bladder calculi in females and for urethral calculi in male dogs.

Front 405

Utility of 12-lead electrocardiogram for differentiating paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias in dogs

Back 405

ElectrocardiographiccriteriausedinpeoplefordifferentiatingSVTcanalsobeapplied in dogs.

Front 406

Ventricular tachyarrhythmias in 106 cats: associated structural cardiac disorders

Back 406

Ventricular tachyarrhythmias in cats were most commonly associated with myocardial disease. When comparing dogs and cats that had ventricular tachyarrhythmias and were diagnosed on the same clinical service of the same institution, an echocardiographically apparent cardiac lesion was seen more often in cats than in dogs

Front 407

A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study of human intravenous immunoglobulin for the acute management of presumptive primary immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in dogs

Back 407

Compared with corticosteroids alone, adjunctive emergency therapy of a single hIVIG infusion was safe and associated with a significant reduction in platelet count recovery time and duration of hospitalization without increasing the expense of medical care in a small group of dogs with presumed pIMT.

Front 408

Accuracy of an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) immunoluminometric assay for differentiating ACTH-dependent from ACTH-independent hyperadrenocorticism in dogs

Back 408

No overlap in ACTH concentrations was observed between dogs with ACTH Dependent HAC and dogs with AIHAC. The use of a new technique with high analytical sensitivity made it possible to use a low threshold (5 pg/mL), avoiding the misclassification of some ADHAC cases with low, but quantifiable concentrations of ACTH. The assessment of ACTH concentrations by ILMA is an accurate tool for differentiating between ADHAC and AIHAC.

Front 409

Acute effect of pimobendan and furosemide on the circulating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in healthy dogs

Back 409

Short-term administration of high-dose pimobendan, does not activate the RAAS in healthy dogs. Pimobendan did not prevent RAAS activation associated with furosemide therapy. These results in healthy dogs suggest that furosemide therapy, with or without pimobendan, should be accompanied by RAAS suppressive therapy.

Front 410

Adenohypophyseal function in dogs with primary hypothyroidism and nonthyroidal illness

Back 410

Dogs with spontaneous PH hypersecrete GH but have little or no TSH hypersecretion. Development of hyperprolactinemia (and possible galactorrhea) in dogs with PH seems to occur only in sexually intact *******. In this group of dogs with NTI, basal and stimulated plasma adenohypophyseal hormone concentrations were not altered.

Front 411

Adverse effects of concurrent carboplatin chemotherapy and radiation therapy in dogs

Back 411

Combined modality therapy resulted in myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicosis. Future studies are needed to determine whether the potential benefit of combined modality therapy outweighs the risk of decreasing chemotherapy and radiation treatment intensity.

Front 412

Adverse effects of intravenous amiodarone in 5 dogs

Back 412

The 5 dogs described here developed acute adverse reactions to IV amiodarone including pruritus, erythema, subcutaneous edema, hives, agitation, tachypnea, and hypotension. These effects may be related to the solvent polysorbate 80 found in the different drug formulations used.

Front 413

Alternate pathway of infection with Hepatozoon americanum and the epidemiologic importance of predation

Back 413

Predation of prey harboring infected Amblyomma maculatum or containing cystozoites of H. americanum in their tissues provide 2 modes of transmission of ACH to dogs, putting unconfined dogs at increased risk of infection in endemic areas.

Front 414

An investigation of the action of Neutral Protamine Hagedorn human analogue insulin in dogs with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus

Back 414

These results suggest that Humulin N administered SC twice daily is an effective mode of treatment for dogs with naturally occurring DM. Postprandial hyperglycemia is present in some well-regulated diabetic dogs treated with Humulin N.

Front 415

Analysis of 8 sarcomeric candidate genes for feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Back 415

Mutations within these cardiac genes do not appear to be the only cause of HCM in these breeds. Evaluation of additional cardiac genes is warranted to identify additional molecular causes of this feline cardiac disease.

Front 416

Anemia is associated with decreased survival time in dogs with lymphoma

Back 416

Cancer-related anemia is more frequent in dogs with lymphoma than in control dogs or dogs with osteosarcoma. Dogs with lymphoma and anemia had a significantly decreased survival time compared with dogs without anemia. There was no effect of anemia on remission time in dogs with lymphoma. Anemic dogs with osteosarcoma did not have decreased survival or remission time compared with nonanemic dogs with osteosarcoma.

Front 417

Antemortem diagnosis of localized central nervous system histiocytic sarcoma in 2 dogs

Back 417

The MR image characteristics and CSF analysis, including immunocytochemical immunophenotyping and postmortem findings, confirmed the presence of a primary Histiocytic Sarcoma with metastasis within the CNS, possibly tracking along the meninges.

Front 418

Anti-endothelial cell antibodies in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and other diseases associated with high risk of thromboembolism

Back 418

We conclude that AECA are rarely detectable in dogs considered at high risk of thromboembolism. These findings suggest that AECA may not play an important role in the pathogenesis of thromboembolism in dogs with IMHA and other inflammatory diseases.

Front 419

Antioxidant status and biomarkers of oxidative stress in dogs with lymphoma

Back 419

Results suggest that dogs with lymphoma have alterations in oxidant and antioxidant concentrations and that the status of some of these biomarkers normalize after remission. Further studies are warranted to determine whether antioxidant interventions to correct these are beneficial in the treatment of canine lymphoma.

Front 420

Ascites is a negative prognostic indicator in chronic hepatitis in dogs

Back 420

Ascites is a significant negative prognostic indicator in dogs with CH.

Front 421

Asparaginase and MOPP treatment of dogs with lymphoma

Back 421

L-Asp/MOPP chemotherapy might result in longer PFS and OST for dogs with multicentric T-cell lymphoma, dogs with hypercalcemic lymphoma or both, than achieved with CHOP.

Front 422

Association between waste management and cancer in companion animals

Back 422

Waste emission from illegal dumping sites increases cancer risk in dogs residing in high-danger areas. An increased prevalence of lymphoma has been previously recognized in humans living close to illegal waste dumps. Thus, epidemiological studies of spontaneous tumors in dogs might suggest a role for environmental factors in canine and human carcinogenesis and can predict health hazards for humans.

Front 423

Association of plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concentration with mitral regurgitation severity and outcome in dogs with asymptomatic degenerative mitral valve disease

Back 423

NT-proBNP is correlated with MVD severity and prognosis in dogs with asymptom-

Front 424

Blood lactate concentrations in anesthetized dogs with intracranial disease

Back 424

Dogs with meningioma and hydrocephalus had higher blood lactate concentrations compared with dogs with IVDD. Only dogs with meningioma had clinically important hyperlactatemia.

Front 425

Calcium reuptake related genes as a cardiac biomarker in dogs with chronic mitral valvular insufficiency

Back 425

The mRNA expression levels of PLN and HAX-1, but not SERCA2a were significantly, reduced in dogs with moderate to severe CMVI. The reduced PLN and HAX-1 expressions were highly correlated with the severity of heart failure, vertebral heart score, and left atrium to aortic root ratio.

Front 426

Cellular and molecular characterization of a feline insulinoma

Back 426

The feline insulinoma produced several peptide hormones and expressed genes con- sistent with a b-cell phenotype. The pattern of hexokinase gene expression in tumor cells differed from that of normal pancreas. These findings suggest insulinoma cells may have an increased sensitivity to glucose that could contribute to the abnormal insulin secretory response observed at low serum glucose concentrations.

Front 427

Cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia in dogs

Back 427

Idiopathic EME is a common cause of eosinophilic pleocytosis in dogs. MRI findings are variable. Infectious causes of EME were less common and had a poor prognosis.

Front 428

Cerebrospinal fluid PCR and antibody concentrations against Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in dogs with neurological signs

Back 428

Based on this study, these bacteria are unlikely causes of neurologic disease in dogs and the presence of serum antibodies alone does not document or establish a definitive diagnosis of CNS disease caused by these organisms. Dogs that have neurologic disease and corresponding serum antibodies against these agents should have additional tests performed to assess for other potential etiologies of the signs.

Front 429

Changes in regulatory T cells in dogs with cancer and associations with tumor type

Back 429

The percentage of Tregs was significantly increased overall in dogs with cancer compared with control dogs. When tumor types were compared, Treg percentages were significantly increased in dogs with carcinoma. The Treg/CD8 T cell ratio was significantly higher in dogs with cancer compared with control dogs and was also significantly increased in 2 dogs with T-cell lymphoma.

Front 430

Clinical evaluation of a novel liquid formulation of L-thyroxine for once daily treatment of dogs with hypothyroidism

Back 430

All of the hypothyroid dogs had rapid clinical and hormonal responses to supple- mentation with the PO-administered L-T4 solution. The starting dosage of 20 mg L-T4/kg BW once daily was suitable for 79% of dogs.

Front 431

Combination chemotherapy with continuous L-asparaginase, lomustine, and prednisone for relapsed canine lymphoma

Back 431

These findings support previous data concluding that the LAP protocol is a viable rescue treatment option for dogs with LSA. However, results from this study suggest that continued use of L-asparaginase with each lomustine treatment does not significantly increase remission duration and toxicity appears greater.

Front 432

Combination therapy with digoxin and diltiazem controls ventricular rate in chronic atrial fibrillation in dogs better than digoxin or diltiazem monotherapy: a randomized crossover study in 18 dogs

Back 432

At the dosages used in this study, digoxin-diltiazem combination therapy provided a greater rate control than either drug alone in dogs with Afib.

Front 433

Combined gemcitabine and carboplatin therapy for carcinomas in dogs

Back 433

GEM and CARBO combination causes mild to moderate hematologic and GI toxico- sis in dogs with carcinoma. Response rate in this study was modest, and optimization of dosing of this combination is required.

Front 434

Comparison of 2 doses of recombinant human thyrotropin for thyroid function testing in healthy and suspected hypothyroid dogs

Back 434

TSH dose significantly influenced test interpretation in suspected hypothyroid dogs. Differentiation between primary hypothyroidism and nonthyroidal disease was improved with 150 mg rhTSH. Because this effect was independent of the dogs’ body weight, the higher dose is recommended in dogs that have concurrent disease or are receiving medication.

Front 435

Comparison of two regimens for the treatment of meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology

Back 435

The adverse effects of COP make it an unsuitable treatment for MUE. Although survival of animals treated with AraC was broadly similar to that reported in recently published studies describing this treatment, it remains unclear whether it confers any benefit over using prednisolone alone.

Front 436

Cryopreservation of canine platelets

Back 436

Cryopreservation of canine platelets using Thrombosol did not provide any advantage over preservation using 6% DMSO. Cryopreserved platelets can be activated in vitro and provide therapeutic benefit when fresh platelets are unavailable. Further studies are needed to assess their in vivo hemostatic function.

Front 437

Dacarbazine as single-agent therapy for relapsed lymphoma in dogs

Back 437

DTIC, when used alone, is effective in the treatment of dogs with relapsed lymphoma. Thrombocytopenia was the principal toxicity noted 7-14 days after treatment.

Front 438

Daily rhythms of left atrial pressure in beagle dogs with mitral valve regurgitation

Back 438

Diurnal LAP is characterized by a slight but significant nocturnal decrease and abrupt increases in response to excitation. The latter seemed to be more important considering the relationship with clinical manifes- tations. The clinical relevance of exercise restriction in the management of MR was acknowledged.

Front 439

Decreased triadin and increased calstabin2 expression in Great Danes with dilated cardiomyopathy

Back 439

Great Dane dogs with DCM demonstrate abnormal calstabin2 and triadin expression. These changes likely affect Ca21 flux within cardiac cells and may contribute to the pathophysiology of disease. Microarray- based analysis identifies calstabin2, triadin, and RyR2 function as targets of future study.

Front 440

Diagnosis of pulmonary arterio-venous fistula and persistent left cranial vena cava by 3-dimensional computed tomographic reconstruction

Back 440

CT confirmed presence of a pulmonary AV fistula in a 5 mo FI GSD with multiple congenital cardiac abnormalities.

Front 441

Dietary management of hepatic copper accumulation in Labrador Retrievers

Back 441

Feeding low-copper diets to Labradors is effective in decreasing hepatic copper con- centrations. Adjunctive treatment with zinc does not appear to increase the copper-lowering effects of dietary management.

Front 442

Distal renal tubular acidosis and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in 3 dogs

Back 442

This report documents distal RTA in 3 dogs with IMHA. Given the frequent association of dis- tal RTA with immune-mediated disorders in humans, the identification of these 3 dogs with immune-mediated disease and concurrent distal RTA emphasizes the im- portance for awareness of this condition when assessing and treating animals with immune-mediated conditions.

Front 443

Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of adjuvant pamidronate with palliative radiotherapy and intravenous doxorubicin for canine appendicular osteosarcoma bone pain

Back 443

Combining pamidronate with standardized palliative therapy is safe, but does not clearly improve pain alleviation. However, in dogs achieving durable pain control, adjuvant pamidronate appears to decrease focal bone resorption in the local tumor microenvironment.

Front 444

Dual chamber pacemaker implantation in dogs with atrioventricular block

Back 444

Dual chamber pacing is a feasible procedure in dogs with 2nd- or 3rd-degree AV block and is not associated with a higher complication rate compared with single chamber pacemaker systems. A major advantage over ventricular demand pacemaker systems is the restoration of AV synchrony for a substantial period of time.

Front 445

Effect of experimental hypothyroidism on glomerular filtration rate and plasma creatinine concentration in dogs

Back 445

Hypothyroidism causes a substantial decrease in GFR without altering plasma creati- nine concentrations, indicating that GFR evaluation is needed to identify renal dysfunction in such patients.

Front 446

Effect of pimobendan on echocardiographic values in dogs with asymptomatic mitral valve disease

Back 446

This study did not identify beneficial long-term changes in the severity of mitral regur- gitation after addition of PIMO to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor treatment of dogs with asymptomatic MVD.

Front 447

Effect of repeated arthrocentesis on cytologic analysis of synovial fluid in dogs

Back 447

Serial arthrocentesis at 3-week intervals can rarely be associated with mild mononu- clear joint inflammation, but does not appear to induce neutrophilic inflammation, at least in healthy dogs, and can be useful to monitor treatment response in canine IMPA.

Front 448

Effect of thyroxine supplementation on glomerular filtration rate in hypothyroid dogs

Back 448

GFR was <2mL/min/kg in untreated hypothyroid dogs. Re-establishment of a euthyroid state increased GFR significantly.

Front 449

Effects of aging on inner ear morphology in dogs in relation to brainstem responses to toneburst auditory stimuli

Back 449

Age related hearing loss in this specific population of geriatric dogs was comparable histologically to the mixed type of ARHL in humans. The predominance of histological changes in the basal cochlear turn was consistent with the large threshold shifts observed in the middle- to high-frequency region.

Front 450

Effects of body positioning on swallowing and esophageal transit in healthy dogs

Back 450

Lateral body positioning significantly increases cervical esophageal transit time and affects the type of peristaltic wave generated by a swallow.

Front 451

Effects of firocoxib and tepoxalin on healing in a canine gastric mucosal injury model

Back 451

COX-2 inhibition by firocoxib slowed wound healing by a mechanism independent of prostaglandin synthesis. Suppression of mucosal prostaglandin production by tepoxalin did not alter mucosal lesion healing compared with placebo.

Front 452

Effects of prednisone alone or prednisone with ultralow-dose aspirin on the gastroduodenal mucosa of healthy dogs

Back 452

The concurrent use of prednisone and ultralow-dose aspirin did not increase the severity of gastroduodenal lesions compared with prednisone or placebo. Coadministration of prednisone and ultralow-dose aspirin increases the frequency of mild, self-limiting diarrhea in some dogs.

Front 453

Effects of prednisone on blood lactate concentrations in healthy dogs

Back 453

Dogs treated with prednisone experience statistically significant increases in blood lactate concentrations, which can result in type B hyperlactatemia. In such cases, improving tissue perfusion, treatment for the commonest form of hyperlactatemia (type A) would be unnecessary.

Front 454

Efficacy of benazepril hydrochloride to delay the progression of occult dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers

Back 454

Benazepri in particular and ACEIs in general might delay the progression of occult DCM. Prospective studies are warranted to test this theory.

Front 455

Efficacy of combination chemotherapy for treatment of gastrointestinal lymphoma in dogs

Back 455

The response and survival of dogs with GI lymphoma treated with multiagent chemotherapy is poor but long-term survival is possible. Dogs that failed to achieve a remission or had diarrhea at initial presentation had shorter survival times.

Front 456

Endoscopic-assisted intracranial tumor removal in dogs and cats: long-term outcome of 39 cases

Back 456

These results demonstrate that the use of an endoscope to assist in brain tumor removal is apparently safe and might result in improved survival times.

Front 457

Evaluation of a portable meter to measure ketonemia and comparison with ketonuria for the diagnosis of canine diabetic ketoacidosis

Back 457

Measurement of ketonemia is accurate and more effective than measurement of ketonuria to diagnose canine DKA.

Front 458

Evaluation of adjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy for the treatment of feline mammary carcinoma

Back 458

This study did not find a benefit to adjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy in cats with FMC. Additional studies are required to determine whether patient subgroups with negative prognostic factors may ben- efit from adjuvant chemotherapy.

Front 459

Evaluation of pimobendan and N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease in dogs

Back 459

Pimobendan lowered severity of measurable PHT, improved quality-of-life scores, and decreased NT-proBNP concentrations short-term. Long term, only the reduction in TRFV was maintained.

Front 460

Evaluation of predictors of the development of azotemia in cats

Back 460

This study demonstrates a high incidence of azotemia in a population of previously healthy geriatric cats. Proteinuria, along with serum creatinine concentration at presentation was significantly associated with development of azotemia although causal association cannot be inferred. Evaluation of NAG index offered no additional benefit.

Front 461

Evidence of inheritance of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in Irish Wolfhounds

Back 461

Our results show that IHPSS in Irish Wolfhounds is a familial disorder that is likely genetic. It is unlikely that the mode of inheritance is monogenic. A digenic, triallelic trait could explain the observed occurrence of IHPSS but other modes of inheritance cannot be excluded.

Front 462

Exogenous insulin treatment after hypofractionated radiotherapy in cats with diabetes mellitus and acromegaly

Back 462

Radiotherapy represents an effective treatment for cats with insulin-resistant DM resulting from acromegaly. IGF-1 concentration after treatment does not provide a suitable method by which remission from either acromegaly or insulin-resistant DM may be assessed.

Front 463

Field safety and efficacy of protamine zinc recombinant human insulin for treatment of diabetes mellitus in cats

Back 463

PZIR is effective for controlling glycemia in diabetic cats and can be used as an initial treatment or as an alternative treatment in diabetic cats that do not respond to treatment with other insulin preparations.

Front 464

Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirms clearance of visible Helicobacter spp. associated with gastritis in dogs and cats

Back 464

Application of FISH to routine biopsy specimens enabled rapid and specific identi- fication of Helicobacter spp. within the gastric mucosa of dogs and cats. Although medical therapy was useful in resolution of clinical signs and clearance of visible Helicobacter spp. in gastric biopsies, gastric inflammation persisted.

Front 465

Genetic and environmental risk indicators in canine non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: breed associations and geographic distribution of 608 cases diagnosed throughout France over 1 year

Back 465

Influence of genetics in the development of CNHL was supported by the existence of an association between breed and immunophenotype. Waste incinerators, polluted sites, and radioactive waste could just be considered as risk indicators of CNHL, but not as risk factors. Case-control studies around critical sites are necessary to con- firm the implication of those environmental factors in the development of CNHL.

Front 466

Gingival hyperplasia associated with the administration of amlodipine to dogs with degenerative valvular disease (2004-2008)

Back 466

Long-term administration of amlodipine to dogs with degenerative valvular disease may cause GH in a small percentage of patients. GH resolves quickly after withdrawal of amlodipine treatment.

Front 467

Glutathione, cysteine, and ascorbate concentrations in clinically ill dogs and cats

Back 467

Clinically ill dogs had decreased erythrocyte glutathione concentrations, which could be a marker of illness severity and prognostic of a poor outcome. Clinically ill cats had an unexpectedly high plasma ascorbate, which could represent a unique species response to oxidative stress.

Front 468

Hematology and serum biochemistry of feline immunodeficiency virus-infected and feline leukemia virus-infected cats

Back 468

Hematologic abnormalities are common in FeLV-infected but not in FIV-infected cats. Clinicopathologic abnormalities are less frequent in FIV-infected cats and might reflect an unspecific immunologic re- sponse.

Front 469

Hereditary 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-resistant rickets in a Pomeranian dog caused by a novel mutation in the vitamin D receptor gene

Back 469

This report describes a Vitamin D Receptor gene mutation resulting in Hereditary Vitamin D Resistant Rickets in a dog.

Front 470

Idiopathic eosinophilic masses of the gastrointestinal tract in dogs

Back 470

These findings suggest that the prognosis for dogs with IEGM may be good when recognized and managed appropriately (prednisone ivermectin). When surgery is performed, medical treatment should also be added.

Front 471

Influence of Enterococcus faecium SF68 probiotic on giardiasis in dogs

Back 471

Short-term treatment with E. faecium SF68 of dogs with chronic naturally acquired subclinical giardiasis fails to affect giardial cyst shedding or antigen content and does not alter innate or adaptive immune responses.

Front 472

Influence of isoflurane general anesthesia or anesthesia and surgery on thyroid function tests in dogs

Back 472

Surgery and anesthesia have a significant effect on thyroid function tests in dogs.

Front 473

Ionized hypercalcemia in dogs: a retrospective study of 109 cases (1998-2003)

Back 473

Serum-ionized hypercalcemia was most commonly associated with neoplasia, specifi- cally lymphosarcoma. Although dogs with lymphosarcoma and anal sac adenocarcinoma had higher serum iCa concentrations than dogs with other diseases, the magnitude of the serum iCa concentration could not be used to predict the cause of hyper- calcemia. Total serum calcium and corrected calcium concentrations did not accurately reflect the calcium status of the dogs in this study.

Front 474

Ionized hypocalcemia in critically ill dogs

Back 474

In dogs not previously treated with fluids or blood products intravenously, the finding of iHCa upon admission to the ICU predicted a longer duration of ICU and hospital stay. Septic dogs with positive cultures were more likely to have iHCa.

Front 475

Isolation or molecular detection of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii from dogs with idiopathic cavitary effusions

Back 475

Bartonella henselae, vinsonii subsp berkhoffi or both were isolated from 5 dogs with pleural, peritoneal, or pericardial effusions. 2 of 5 dogs did well with antibiotic treatment. Recommendation to use Bartonella alpha-proteobacterial growth medium prior to DNA amplication or culture to improve diagnostic yield of organism.

Front 476

Juvenile pancreatic atrophy in Greyhounds: 12 cases (1995-2000)

Back 476

Compound failure of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas is rarely reported in dogs and neither disease is well recognized in the Greyhound. This condition is of potential economic importance to the Greyhound racing industry.

Front 477

Ki-67 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in intracranial meningiomas in dogs

Back 477

MIB-1 antibody can be used to document cell proliferation in intracranial men- ingiomas in dogs, but does not predict outcome. No association between VEGF as a marker of angiogenesis and tumor proliferation was found. Angiogenesis might be a more important predictor of meningioma activity in dogs than is Ki-67.

Front 478

Lack of evidence of pregnancy-induced alloantibodies in dogs

Back 478

These results confirm previous studies and clinical transfusion medicine experience. Naturally occurring anti-DEA 7 alloantibodies have been reported but their clinical relevance has not been shown. Pregnancy does not appear to sensitize dogs to RBC antigens. Consequently, dogs with prior history of pregnancy can be used safely as blood donors. Conversely, no additional pretransfusion compatibility studies would be required should these dogs themselves need to be transfused.

Front 479

Linear-accelerator-based modified radiosurgical treatment of pituitary tumors in cats: 11 cases (1997-2008)

Back 479

Single fraction modified radiosurgery is a safe and effective approach to the treatment of pituitary tumors in cats.

Front 480

Magnetic resonance imaging in dogs with neurologic impairment due to acute thoracic and lumbar intervertebral disk herniation

Back 480

Asymmetric prosencephalic grey and white matter lesions with variable contrast en- hancement were consistent MRI changes in Pugs with confirmed NME. While not pathognomonic for NME, these MRI characteristics should increase confidence in a presumptive diagnosis of NME in young Pugs with acute signs of neurologic disease.

Front 481

Magnetic resonance imaging of right ventricular morphology and function in boxer dogs with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Back 481

MRI features were associated with initial injury severity in dogs with thoracolumbar disk herniation. Based on results of this study, the T2W length ratio and presence of T2W intramedullary hyperintensity appear to be predictive of long-term ambulatory status.

Front 482

Optimal testing for thyroid hormone concentration after treatment with methimazole in healthy and hyperthyroid cats

Back 482

Timing of blood sampling after oral methimazole administration does not appear to be a significant factor when assessing response to methimazole treatment.

Front 483

Pancreatic islet cell tumor secreting insulin-like growth factor type-II in a dog

Back 483

A 7 yo FI Gordon Setter was presented for progressive weakness and ataxia that seemed to improve after eating. Fasting hypoglycemia and hypoinsulinemia was noted. IGF-II staining of pancreatic tumor tissue suggested IGF-II was underlying cause. Surgical resection of tumor alleviated clinical signs

Front 484

Peripheral nucleated red blood cells as a prognostic indicator in heatstroke in dogs

Back 484

Relative and absolute numbers of peripheral NRBC are clinically useful, correlate with the secondary complications, and are sensitive and specific markers of death in dogs with heatstroke, although they should never be used as a sole prognostic indicator nor should they replace clinical assessment.

Front 485

Polymicrogyria in standard poodles

Back 485

All dogs had cortical blindness and other neurologic abnormalities including gait and behavioral changes. Magnetic resonance imaging of 3 dogs showed multiple disorganized gyri, which were especially apparent on T2-weighted dorsal plane images. Electroencephalogram (EEG) of 1 dog revealed epileptiform discharges, including both spike and spike and wave discharges with voltage maximum potentials over the parietal/occipital region. The EEG supported that the repetitive behavior displayed by the dog was a complex partial motor seizure. One dog had concurrent hydrocephalus. All dogs had occipital lobe involvement and 2 dogs had involvement of other lobes.

Front 486

Possible emergence of drug-resistant variants of Babesia gibsoni in clinical cases treated with atovaquone and azithromycin

Back 486

The combination of ATV and AZM can be used as a first-line treatment for dogs with babesiosis, but relapses occur. Attention should be paid to the possible in vivo selection of drug-resistant variants.

Front 487

Prevalence of deafness in dogs heterozygous or homozygous for the merle allele

Back 487

Deafness prevalence in merle dogs was greater than that in some dog breeds homozygous for the piebald gene, such as the English Cocker Spaniel, but comparable to, or lower than, that in the Dalmatian and white Bull Terrier. Dogs homozygous for the merle allele were significantly more likely to be deaf than heterozygotes.

Front 488

Primary hepatitis in dogs: a retrospective review (2002-2006)

Back 488

The majority of Primary hepatitis in dogs is Chronic Hepatitis. Previous studies appear to have underestimated the etiologic role of copper in both AH and CH. Prognosis is reduced in dogs with hepatic cirrhosis or cirrhosis-related clinical findings. Further research into etiology and treatment effectiveness in all PH forms is needed.

Front 489

Primary hyperparathyroidism and monoclonal gammopathy in a dog

Back 489

The discovery of monoclonal gammopathy in a dog with hypercalcemia does not necessary indicate multiple myeloma, or does not rule out PHPT. By analogy with human medicine, in which an association between gammopathy and PHPT has been demonstrated, it may be interesting to investigate the occurrence of monoclonal gammopathy in dogs with PHPT.

Front 490

Prospective echocardiographic and tissue Doppler imaging screening of a population of Maine Coon cats tested for the A31P mutation in the myosin-binding protein C gene: a specific analysis of the heterozygous status

Back 490

The heterozygous status is not consistently associated with LVH and major myocardial dysfunction. Moreover, Homo WT cats can also develop LVH, suggesting that other genetic causes might be implicated

Front 491

Prothrombotic and inflammatory effects of intravenous administration of human immunoglobulin G in dogs

Back 491

Administration of hIVIgG to dogs promotes hypercoagulability and an inflammatory state. This should be further evaluated and considered when using hIVIgG in dogs with IMHA or other prothrombotic conditions.

Front 492

Protozoal hepatitis associated with immunosuppressive therapy in a dog

Back 492

Neosporosis secondary to immunosuppression in a dog treated for IMHA

Front 493

Ralstonia pickettii septicemia in a dog with immune-mediated thrombocytopenia

Back 493

4 yo FS Rottie was presented for epistaxis and treated with prednisone, azathioprine and cyclosporine for ITP. 14 days after leaving the hospital the dog returned for severe lethargy. Ralstonia pickettii septicemia was diagnosed from blood cultures.

Front 494

Recurrent osteomyelitis in a cat due to infection with Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genotype II

Back 494

A 4 yo FS DSH had osteomyelitis due to Bartonella vinsonii subsp. Berkhoffii

Front 495

Relationship among plasma amino acids, C-reactive protein, illness severity, and outcome in critically ill dogs

Back 495

Critically ill dogs have altered amino acid profiles. Total Branched amino acids and Fisher ratio (BCAA:AAA) were higher in survivors.

Front 496

Relationships between low serum cobalamin concentrations and methlymalonic acidemia in cats

Back 496

Elevated MMA concentrations, suggesting cobalamin deficiency, are common in cats with serum cobalamin

Front 497

Remission of histiocytic ulcerative colitis in Boxer dogs correlates with eradication of invasive intramucosal Escherichia coli

Back 497

The correlation between clinical remission and the eradication of mucosally invasive E. coli during treatment with enrofloxacin supports the causal involvement of E. coli in the development of HUC in susceptible Boxer dogs. A poor response to enrofloxacin treatment might be due to colonization with enrofloxacin-resistant E. coli.

Front 498

Retinol-binding protein in serum and urine of hyperthyroid cats before and after treatment with radioiodine

Back 498

The presence of urinary RBP in HT cats is a potential marker of tubular dysfunction that is correlated to thyroid status, although it is independent of circulating RBP concentrations. The decreased uRBP/c com- bined with the absence of changes in serum RBP after treatment suggests that the suspected tubular dysfunction was partly reversible with treatment of 131I.

Front 499

Seizure-like episodes in 3 cats with intermittent high-grade atrioventricular dysfunction

Back 499

high- grade AV dysfunction that mimicked epilepsy in 3 cats.

Front 500

Sequencing of the von Hippel-Lindau gene in canine renal carcinoma

Back 500

Although similarities between canine and human RCC merit further investigation of the dog as a model for some subtypes of renal tumors, the lower prevalence of VHL mutations suggests that oncogenesis in these 2 species differs.

Front 501

Sequential low-dose rate half-body irradiation and chemotherapy for the treatment of canine multicentric lymphoma

Back 501

Results of this study suggest that treatment intensification by a 2-week interradiation treatment interval coupled with interradiation chemotherapy is an effective treatment for dogs with lymphoma.

Front 502

Serum acute phase protein concentrations in dogs with autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Back 502

An Acute Phase Response occurs in canine IMHA. Initial acute phase protein concentrations are not predictive of acute survival, correlate with hematologic markers of remission, and normalize rapidly with disease stabilization.

Front 503

Serum cardiac troponin I concentration in retired racing greyhounds

Back 503

Greyhounds have a reference range for serum cTnI concentrations that differs from that of other previously published reference ranges for dogs of other breeds. Until a broader database and more precise ref- erence range can be established, caution should be exercised in interpreting serum cTnI concentrations in Greyhounds with suspected cardiac disease.

Front 504

Serum serotonin concentrations in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease

Back 504

Dogs with DMVD had significantly higher serum 5HT concentrations when com- pared with large breed control dogs. Healthy CKCS dogs had significantly higher serum 5HT concentrations than other healthy dogs predisposed to DMVD. Additional investigation into a possible role of 5HT in the pathogenesis of DMVD is warranted.

Front 505

Size and shape of right heart chambers in mitral valve regurgitation in small-breed dogs

Back 505

RH chambers are not significantly dilated in dogs with mild to moderate MR without CHF. In CHF, RH chambers enlarge and also may be compressed by the LH chambers. Pulmonary hypertension probably is present in some dogs with CHF. Increased sternal contact is not a useful sign of right-sided heart dilatation in MR.

Front 506

Soy protein isolate versus meat-based low-protein diet for dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts

Back 506

Both diets achieved a significant improvement in HE score. The influence of the soy-based diet on plasma NH3 concentration and coagulation parameters suggests that such a diet decreases the risk for HE and gives better support of liver function.

Front 507

Status epilepticus and epileptic seizures in dogs

Back 507

Dogs with reactive seizures caused by poisoning had a significantly higher risk of developing status epilepticus, particularly as 1st manifestation of a seizure disorder. After SE, dogs with symptomatic epilepsy had a significantly lower probability of survival than dogs with idiopathic epilepsy and reactive Ess. In dogs showing SE as the 1st manifestation of a seizure disorder, intoxication should always be considered and appropriate investigations undertaken. Dogs with SE owing to toxicosis have more favorable out- comes than dogs with symptomatic epilepsy (P o .001).

Front 508

Steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis: a prospective study of potential disease markers, prednisolone treatment, and long-term outcome in 20 dogs (2006-2008)

Back 508

The prednisolone regimen presented was successful in treating SRMA without the need for additional drugs. Serum APPs are of use in the diagnosis and management of SRMA, particularly in relation to iden- tifying relapse. Serum and CSF IgA concentrations remain increased throughout disease, aiding in diagnosis but not contributing to the management of SRMA.

Front 509

Surfactant protein C in canine pulmonary fibrosis

Back 509

SP-C could not be detected in BALF of 1 dog with PF, although SP-B was present. A mutation was detected in SFTPC exon 5 of this dog. From 2 dogs with PF and in all 5 control dogs SP-B and SP-C were detected in BALF. Taken together, the results indicate that canine and human lung fibrosis share histopathologic features and that analysis of SP-C and its gene in a larger set of dogs with PF is warranted.

Front 510

Survival analysis of 97 cats with nasal lymphoma: a multi-institutional retrospective study (1986-2006)

Back 510

there were no significant differences in survival times among the 3 treatment groups (RT, chemo, RT + chemo) but these results suggest that the addition of higher doses of RT to a cat’s treatment protocol may control local disease and therefore influence survival. Anemia was negative indicator. Total RT dose and complete response to treatment were positive indicators of survival.

Front 511

Temporal variability of ventricular arrhythmias in Boxer dogs with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Back 511

The likelihood of PVC occurrence in Boxer dogs with ARVC was relatively constant throughout the day, although slightly greater during the hours of 0800–1200 and 1600–2000. A biologically important corre- lation with HR was not apparent. The role of autonomic activity in the modulation of electrical instability in the Boxer with ARVC requires further study.

Front 512

The cardiac biomarker NT-proBNP is increased in dogs with azotemia

Back 512

Azotemia results in NT-proBNP being increased to concentrations reported as diagnostic of heart disease or heart failure in dogs. Care should be employed when interpreting the results of NT-proBNP in patients with known or possible increased plasma creatinine concentration.

Front 513

The effect of hetastarch (670/0.75) on urine specific gravity and osmolality in the dog

Back 513

Urine specific gravity should not be used to estimate urine solute concentration in dogs following the administration of 20mL/kg of HES. In a clinical setting, the evaluation of USG following this dose of HES may lead to an overestimation of urine concentration.

Front 514

Tissue Doppler and strain imaging in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease in different stages of congestive heart failure

Back 514

Few TDI and strain variables were changed in dogs with MMVD with and without CHF. Intraventricular dyssynchrony may be an early sign of MMVD or may be an age-related finding.

Front 515

Tolerability of gemcitabine and carboplatin doublet therapy in cats with carcinomas

Back 515

Gemcitabine-carboplatin combination appears moderately well tolerated in tumor- bearing cats. Minimal patient benefit suggests that alternative schedules or combinations of gemcitabine with other agents should be explored.

Front 516

Toxicity in Doberman Pinchers with ventricular arrhythmias treated with amiodarone (1996-2005)

Back 516

Adverse effects from amiodarone were common and were, in part, dosage related. Patients should be monitored for signs of toxicity and liver enzyme activity should be measured at least monthly.

Front 517

Transcatheter atrial septal defect closure with the Amplatzer atrial septal occluder in 13 dogs: short- and mid-term outcome

Back 517

Seems to be a viable treatment option. The mean length of event-free survival in the 10 dogs that underwent successful transcatheter ASD closure was 22.2 +/-10.2 months.

Front 518

Ultrasound-guided cytology of spleen and liver: a prognostic tool in canine cutaneous mast cell tumor

Back 518

Dogs with evidence of mast cell infiltration at distant sites have a shorter survival time than dogs without evidence of infiltration at distant sites. This study suggests that cytology of spleen and liver is indicated either for ultrasonographically normal or for ultrasonographically abnormal spleen and liver in dogs with cMCT.

Front 519

Unilateral and bilateral congenital sensorineural deafness in client-owned pure-breed white cats

Back 519

Congenital sensorineural deafness frequently occurs in pure-breed cats with white coat color. Unilateral sensorineural deafness was as common as bilateral deafness. Blue eye color is associated with deafness.

Front 520

Urinary corticoid: creatinine ratios in dogs with pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism during trilostane treatment

Back 520

The UCCR cannot be used as an alternative to the ACTH stimulation test to determine the optimal dose of trilostane, but might be helpful in detecting dogs at risk for developing hypocortisolism during trilostane treatment.

Front 521

Use of auscultation and Doppler echocardiography in Boxer puppies to predict development of subaortic or pulmonary stenosis

Back 521

Even though VmaxAo increases during growth in Boxer puppies, indicating relative narrowing of the aorta, puppies with VmaxAo < 2.4 m/s do not usually progress to clinically have relevant SAS at 12 months of age.

Front 522

Use of computed tomography (CT) scanning and colorectal new methylene blue infusion in evaluation of an English Bulldog with a rectourethral fistula

Back 522

This report describes the successful use of CT and cystourethrography to diagnose a rectourethral fistula in an English Bulldog

Front 523

Vitamin D-dependent hereditary rickets type I in a cat

Back 523

VDDR I in a young cat. VDDR I is defect in gene encoding 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1-alpha hydroxlase. VDDR II is defect in gene encoding vitamin D receptor.

Front 524

A clinical index for disease activity in cats with chronic enteropathy

Back 524

The FCEAI is a simple numerical measure of inflammatory activity in cats with CE. The scoring index can be reliably used in the initial assessment of disease severity for both IBD and FRE and as a measure of clinical response to treatment for these disorders.

Front 525

A randomized, open-label, positively-controlled field trial of a hydrolyzed protein diet in dogs with chronic small bowel enteropathy

Back 525

A hydrolyzed protein diet can be highly effective for long-term management of canine chronic small bowel enteropathy.

Front 526

Ability of a 5-minute electrocardiography (ECG) for predicting arrhythmias in Doberman Pinschers with cardiomyopathy in comparison with a 24-hour ambulatory ECG

Back 526

A 5-minute ECG is a rather insensitive method for detecting arrhythmias in Dober- man Pinschers. However, the occurrence of at least 1 VPC in 5 minutes strongly warrants further examination of the dog, because specificity (96.7%) and positive predictive value (85.6%) are high and could suggest occult cardiomyopathy.

Front 527

Adult-onset spongiform leukoencephalopathy in 2 ragdoll cats

Back 527

We report acquired spongiform encephalopathy affecting the white matter in Ragdoll cats. In both cats, neurologic signs localized to the cerebellum or brainstem, whereas MRI and histopathological changes were more widespread.

Front 528

Adverse neurologic events associated with voriconazole use in 3 cats

Back 528

Voriconazole has potential neurologic adverse effects in cats. Additional information regarding pharmacokinetics of the drug in this species must be gathered to help determine how it can be dosed most effectively with minimal adverse effects.

Front 529

Antibodies against Crandell Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cell line antigens, alpha-enolase, and annexin A2 in vaccinated and CRFK hyperinoculated cats

Back 529

This study validated the use of Western blot immunoassay for detection of antibodies against CRFK proteins and identified 3 CRFK antigens. In humans, a-enolase antibodies are nephritogenic; a-enolase and annexin A2 antibodies have been associated with autoimmune diseases. Further research will be necessary to determine the clinical relevance of these findings.

Front 530

Antimicrobial resistance impacts clinical outcome of granulomatous colitis in boxer dogs

Back 530

Antimicrobial resistance is common among GC-associated E.coli and impacts clinical response. Antimicrobial therapy should be guided by mucosal culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing rather than em- pirical wisdom.

Front 531

Antimicrobial resistance profiles and clonal relatedness of canine and feline Escherichia coli pathogens expressing multidrug resistance in the United States

Back 531

E. coli strains spontaneously infecting dogs and cats are genetically and phenotypi- cally diverse. Given the current prevalence of MDR among clinical isolates of E. coli in United States, implementation of a robust surveillance program is warranted.

Front 532

Antithrombotic effect of enoxaparin in clinically healthy cats: a venous stasis model

Back 532

This pilot study demonstrates that enoxaparin, when administered at a dosage of 1 mg/kg SC q12h, produces an antithrombotic effect in a venous statsis model in clinically healthy cats. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that anti-Xa activity is a poor predictor of enoxaparin’s antithrombotic effect.

Front 533

Assessment of left ventricular systolic function by strain imaging echocardiography in various stages of feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Back 533

Myocardial strain analysis is a new, valuable, and reproducible method in cats. This method allows noninvasive detection of abnormal systolic deformation in cats with HCM despite apparently normal left ventricular systolic function as assessed by conventional echocardiography. The abnormal systolic deformation already was present in mild HCM and increased with progressive left ventricular concentric hypertrophy.

Front 534

Association of A31P and A74T Polymorphisms in the Myosin Binding Protein C3 Gene and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Maine Coon and Other Breed Cats

Back 534

The value of currently available genetic tests is low in the cats of this study. The mu-

Front 535

Association of blood monocyte and lymphocyte count and disease-free interval in dogs with osteosarcoma

Back 535

Higher numbers of circulating monocytes and lymphocytes before treat- ment were found to be significantly associated with shorter DFI in dogs with OSA. Other parameters associated with poor outcomes were increased alkaline phosphatase, primary tumor location, and age.

Front 536

Association of iatrogenic hypothyroidism with azotemia and reduced survival time in cats treated for hyperthyroidism

Back 536

Iatrogenic hypothyroidism appears to contribute to the development of azotemia after treatment of hyperthyroidism, and reduced survival time in azotemic cats.

Front 537

Babesiosis caused by a large Babesia species in 7 immunocompromised dogs

Back 537

Dogs with pigmenturia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia should be tested for Babesia sp. by PCR. Serology is not sufficient for diagnosis of this Babesia sp. Asplenia, chemotherapy, or both might represent risk factors for persistent infection, illness, or both.

Front 538

Balloon valvuloplasty for treatment of pulmonic stenosis in English Bulldogs with an aberrant coronary artery

Back 538

Conservative Balloon Valvuloplasty in English Bulldogs with pulmonic stenosis and abberrant coronary arteries might be safe and might improve quality and quantity of life.

Front 539

Breed dependency of reference intervals for plasma biochemical values in cats

Back 539

A significant breed effect was observed for 9/13 variables. The magnitude of the differences between breeds could be clinically relevant for creatinine, glucose, and total protein. Age, body weight, sex, and housing conditions had significant breed-related effects on different variables.

Front 540

Bronchoscopic Debulking of Tracheal Carcinoma in 3 Cats using a Wire Snare

Back 540

Tracheal adenocarcinomas were removed with a wire snare after undermining the tumor with a biopsy forceps. In people a laser is used to undermine the tumor, and this may be feasible in veterinary patients.

Front 541

Calcium and phosphorus homeostasis in dogs with spontaneous chronic kidney disease at different stages of severity

Back 541

HPTH and hyperphosphatemia occur frequently in dogs with naturally occurring CKD, even at early stages of CKD in some dogs. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring these parameters early in the course of CKD. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that serum phosphorus concentration in the 4.5–5.5 mg/dL range correctly identified the presence of HPTH in most dogs.

Front 542

Canine sterile nodular panniculitis: a retrospective study of 14 cases

Back 542

Sterile nodular panniculitis is not a single disease. Rather, it is a cutaneous marker of systemic disease in many cases. After thorough evaluation for concurrent disease and infectious causes, immunosuppressive treatment is often effective.

Front 543

Cardiac troponin I in doberman pinschers with cardiomyopathy

Back 543

cTnI measurement is a valuable diagnostic test that can detect cardiomyopathy in dogs that are otherwise clinically normal.

Front 544

Cardiac troponin I is associated with severity of myxomatous mitral valve disease, age, and C-reactive protein in dogs

Back 544

Analysis of cTnI concentration has potential to increase knowledge of overall cardiac remodeling in dogs with MMVD. However, effect of age on cTnI needs consideration when assessing cTnI.

Front 545

Cerebrospinal fluid myelin basic protein as a prognostic biomarker in dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation

Back 545

These results would suggest that CSF MBP concentration may be useful as an independent prognostic indicator in dogs with thoracolumbar IVDH.

Front 546

Characterization and mode of inheritance of a paroxysmal dyskinesia in Chinook dogs

Back 546

This movement disorder is prevalent in the Chinook breed, and consistent with a partially penetrant autosomal recessive or polygenic trait. Insufficient evidence exists for definitive localization; episodes may be of basal nuclear origin, but atypical seizures and muscle membrane disorders remain possible etiologies. The generalized seizures may be a variant phenotype of the same mutation that results in dyskinesia, or the 2 syndromes may be independent.

Front 547

Clinical and electrophysiological characterization of myokymia and neuromyotonia in jack russell terriers

Back 547

The Brainstem Auditory-Evoked Potential and spinal Sensory-Evoked Potential abnormalities observed in JRTs with M/NM were associated with the presence of HA. Therefore, these electrophysiological findings presumably arise from the neurodegenerative changes characterizing HA and do not directly elucidate the pathogenesis of M/NM. An underlying neuronal ion channel dysfunction is thought to be the cause of M/NM in JRTs.

Front 548

Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features of central nervous system blastomycosis in 4 dogs

Back 548

Serial MRI examinations may support the response to medical therapy since neurologic examination and CSF analysis may not identify persistent CNS infection. However, MRI examination cannot differentiate whether static lesions are active or sterile. Patient response and assessment of decreasing antigen concentrations may be more useful in documenting recovery.

Front 549

Clinical efficacy of sildenafil in treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in dogs

Back 549

Sildenafil decreases systolic pulmonary arterial pressure from baseline in dogs with PAH and is associated with increased exercise capacity and QOL when compared to treatment with placebo.

Front 550

Clinical features and outcome of Heterobilharzia americana infection in dogs

Back 550

HA infection occurs in younger, larger breed, indoor dogs. Hypercalcemia does not resolve without praziquantel treatment. Prognosis is good and neither hypercalcemic-induced renal failure nor ascites appears to worsen prognosis. Dogs in affected areas or that have traveled to affected areas that present for weight loss, gastrointestinal or liver disease, and hypercalcemia, should be tested.

Front 551

Clinical signs, imaging features, neuropathology, and outcome in cats and dogs with central nervous system cryptococcosis from California

Back 551

When present, pain was localized to the cervical region in dogs and was generalized or localized to the thoraco-lumbar spine or pelvic limbs in cats. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were variable but correlated with CNS histopathological findings of meningitis, meningitis with gelatinous pseudocyst formation, and granulomatous mass lesions. Peripherally enhancing brain lesions were seen only in cats. Histopathologically, the inflammatory response was milder in cats compared with dogs. Remissions of >1 year occurred in 32% of treated animals. Altered mentation was associated with negative outcome. Glucocorticoid use after diagnosis was associated with improved survival in the first 10 days.

Front 552

Comparison of 4 Giardia diagnostic tests in diagnosis of naturally acquired canine chronic subclinical giardiasis

Back 552

Our findings show that most commonly used in-house Giardia diagnostic tests have poor agreement with the gold standard method (FAB coproscopy). The in-house tests have good NPVs, but poor PPVs, at prevalence rates common in most clinical settings.

Front 553

Comparison of histopathologic findings in biopsies from the duodenum and ileum of dogs with enteropathy

Back 553

There was poor agreement between histopathological findings from duodenal versus ileal biopsies with abnormalities sometimes being more readily detected in the ileum. Routine collection of ileal plus duodenal samples appears warranted when concurrent small and large intestinal diarrhea is present.

Front 554

Comparison of oral prednisone and prednisone combined with metronidazole for induction therapy of canine inflammatory bowel disease: a randomized-controlled trial

Back 554

Prednisone is as effective as combined treatment with prednisone and metronidazole for induction therapy of canine IBD. CRP may be normal or increased in dogs with IBD and may be useful in assessing the response of individual dogs to treatment along with changes in the CIBDAI.

Front 555

Comparison of pulsed wave and color Doppler myocardial velocity imaging in healthy dogs

Back 555

Pulsed wave Tissue Velocity Imaging measurements are significantly higher compared with Color Doppler TVI measure- ments. Theses differences are clinically relevant. These methods should not be used interchangeably, and different reference ranges for PW TVI and CD TVI should be used.

Front 556

Comparisons of 3-, 2-dimensional, and M-mode echocardiographical methods for estimation of left chamber volumes in dogs with and without acquired heart disease

Back 556

There was good agreement between RT3D and 2D methods of estimating EDV and ESV, whereas the Teichholz method overestimated LV volumes by approximately a factor 2. In comparison with RT3D, LA/ Ao underestimated LA size, especially when LA was enlarged.

Front 557

Concurrent diseases and conditions in dogs with splenic vein thrombosis

Back 557

The most common concurrent conditions were neoplasia (54%), exogenous corticosteroid administration (43%), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (26%), disseminated intravascular coagulation (20%), pancreatitis (18%), and immune-mediated disease (16%). The most common neoplastic disease was lymphoma, and the most common immune-mediated disease was immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Protein-losing nephropathy and naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism were identified in <10% of the dogs. Concurrent splenic infarcts were identified in 33% of dogs, and concurrent portal vein thrombi were found in 18% of dogs.

Front 558

Congenital ureteral ectopia in continent and incontinent-related Entlebucher mountain dogs: 13 cases (2006-2009)

Back 558

Ureteral ectopia is common in North American Entlebucher Mountain Dogs and clinical signs alone could not reliably predict disease phenotype. EVEUs were associated with urinary incontinence and occa- sionally hydronephrosis. IVEUs were clinically silent or associated with hydronephrosis. Further analyses are necessary to confirm and characterize the hereditary nature of the disorder.

Front 559

Continuous renal replacement therapy in the treatment of acute kidney injury and electrolyte disturbances associated with acute tumor lysis syndrome

Back 559

first report of Continuous Renal Replacment Therapy used to treat a veterinary patient with Tumor lysis syndrome. CRRT has been used in people to effectively remove cytokines involved in propagation of inflammation in shock and sepsis.

Front 560

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for characterization of focal splenic lesions in dogs

Back 560

In the early vascular phase, a hypoechoic pattern was significantly associated with malignancy (with sensitivity of 38% and specificity of 100%. In the late vascular phase, a hypoechoic pattern was significantly associated with malignancy with sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 85%. There was no significant difference between malignant and benign lesions during the parenchymal phase.Hypoechoic splenic nodules in the early and late vascular phases with perflubutane microbubbles-enhanced ultrasonography are strongly suggestive of malignancy in dogs.

Front 561

Correction of hyperkalemia in dogs with chronic kidney disease consuming commercial renal therapeutic diets by a potassium-reduced home-prepared diet

Back 561

Hyperkalemia is a potential complication of CKD. In a subset of CKD dogs, hyper- kalemia can be associated with commercial renal diets and could restrict use of these diets. Appropriately formulated, potassium-reduced, diets are an effective alternative to correct hyperkalemia.

Front 562

Corynebacterium ulcerans Bronchopneumonia in a Dog

Back 562

Potentially zoonotic bacteria isolated from a dogs lungs. Dog had presented for 10 month history of chronic cough and had multiple microobes cultured from lungs.

Front 563

Cross-sectional imaging characteristics of pituitary adenomas, invasive adenomas and adenocarcinomas in dogs: 33 cases (1988-2006)

Back 563

Invasive adenoma should be suspected if a dog with a pituitary tumor is o7.7 years of age and has a mass 41.9 cm in vertical height. Adenocarcinomas are uncommon and metastatic lesions were not seen with imaging.

Front 564

Cytotoxic drug residues in urine of dogs receiving anticancer chemotherapy

Back 564

Variable concentrations of chemotherapeutics were measured in urine samples, de- pending on sampling time point and drug. Findings may inform current chemoprotection guidelines and help minimize exposure risks.

Front 565

Decreased ratio of CD8+ T cells to regulatory T cells associated with decreased survival in dogs with osteosarcoma

Back 565

Dogs with OSA had significantly fewer circulating CD8+ T cells and significantly more Treg compared with healthy dogs. The CD8/Treg ratio also was significantly lower in dogs with OSA compared with control dogs. In dogs with OSA, a decreased CD8/Treg ratio was associated with significantly shorter survival times.

Front 566

Demographic and historical findings, including exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, in dogs with chronic cough

Back 566

Associations with age, size, and toy breeds were strong. Tracheobronchomalacia is frequent in dogs with chronic cough, but descriptions of cough should be used cautiously in prioritizing differential diagnoses. The association be- tween exposure to ETS and chronic cough deserves additional study.

Front 567

Detection of congestive heart failure in dogs by Doppler echocardiography

Back 567

Various Doppler echocardiographic variables can be used to predict CHF in dogs with MVD and DCM. Determination of the clinical benefit of such variables in initiating, modulating, and assessing success of treatments for CHF needs further study.

Front 568

Diabetes mellitus in elkhounds is associated with diestrus and pregnancy

Back 568

Diabetes was associated with higher concentrations of GH and lower concentrations of progesterone compared with controls matched for time after estrus. Forty-six percent of dogs that underwent OHE recovered from diabetes with a lower probability of remission in dogs with higher glucose concentrations at diagnosis and longer time (weeks) from diagnosis to surgery.

Front 569

Diagnostic Utility of Abdominal Ultrasonography in Dogs with Chronic Vomiting

Back 569

The diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasonography was high in 27% of dogs. The presence of factors that are associated with high diagnostic utility is an indication to perform abdominal ultrasonography in dogs with chronic vomiting.

Front 570

Disseminated canine herpesvirus-1 infection in an immunocompromised adult dog

Back 570

Dogs with immunocompromise due to underlying dis- ease or undergoing immunosuppressive therapy may be at an increased risk for developing CHV-1 clinical disease and may benefit from earlier testing and institution of appropriate antiviral therapy. Disseminated CHV-1 in- fection should be considered as a differential diagnosis in immunocompromised dogs that develop mucosal lesions in addition to systemic signs such as hepatopathies or pneumonia.

Front 571

Documentation of In Vivo and In Vitro Aerobic Resistance of Feline Tritrichomonas foetus Isolates to Ronidazole

Back 571

Clinical resistance to metronidazole, low efficacy of tinidazole, and present documen- tation of in vivo and in vitro resistance to ronidazole in some cats are consistent with a high level of cross resistance of feline T. foetus to 5-nitroimidazole drugs. Current lack of alternative drugs with clinical efficacy against feline T. foetus suggests that active investigation of other treatment approaches is warranted.

Front 572

Drug residues in serum of dogs receiving anticancer chemotherapy

Back 572

Handling of blood samples from dogs receiving oncolytic chemotherapy 7 days after treatment with vincristine, vinblastine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin should not present a health hazard.

Front 573

Drug-induced minimal change nephropathy in a dog

Back 573

Minimal change nephropathy secondary to mastinib administration for a atopy. MCN clinical abnormalities resolves after discontinuing mastinib

Front 574

Echocardiographic assessment of hemodynamic changes produced by two methods of inducing fluid deficit in dogs

Back 574

Mild fluid deficits have measurable hemodynamic effects in dogs. Hydration status should be considered when evaluating cardiac function by echocardiogram.

Front 575

Effect of leukoreduction on transfusion-induced inflammation in dogs

Back 575

There is a profound inflammatory response to transfusion in normal dogs, which is eliminated by LR of the pRBC units.

Front 576

Effect of tissue processing on assessment of endoscopic intestinal biopsies in dogs and cats

Back 576

Substantial inconsistency between pathologists remains despite use of pictorial tem- plate because of differences in slide processing. Distinguishing between mild and moderate lesions might be important source of the disagreement among pathologists.

Front 577

Efficacy of maropitant in the prevention of delayed vomiting associated with administration of doxorubicin to dogs

Back 577

Maropitant is effective in preventing delayed vomiting induced by doxorubicin. Its prophylactic use might improve quality of life and decrease the need for dose reductions in certain dogs.

Front 578

Efficacy of omeprazole versus high-dose famotidine for prevention of exercise-induced gastritis in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Back 578

Although famotidine provides some benefit in the prevention of exercise-induced gas- tric lesions, omeprazole is superior to famotidine in preventing gastritis in dogs running 300 miles. Routine administration of omeprazole is recommended to prevent stress-associated gastric disease in exercising and racing Alaskan sled dogs.

Front 579

Efficacy of spironolactone on survival in dogs with naturally occurring mitral regurgitation caused by myxomatous mitral valve disease

Back 579

Spironolactone added to conventional cardiac therapy decreases the risk of reaching the primary endpoint (ie, cardiac-related death, euthanasia, or severe worsening) in dogs with moderate to severe MR caused by MMVD.

Front 580

Electrophysiologic characteristics and topographic distribution of focal atrial tachycardias in dogs

Back 580

According to our findings, dogs have a predominance of right-sided Focal Atrial Tachycardias. The majority of FATs are automatic and can trigger AF, particularly in the case of Pulmonary Vein location.

Front 581

Encephalomyelitis Resembling Human and Ruminant Rhombencephalitis Caused by Listeria monocytogenes in a Feline Leukemia Virus-Infected Cat

Back 581

This case shows that listeriosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of feline infectious CNS disor- ders

Front 582

Epilepsy in Border Collies: clinical manifestation, outcome, and mode of inheritance

Back 582

The present study confirms the occurrence of genetically mediated epilepsy with a fre- quent severe clinical course and drug resistance in BCs. The results provide information about the long-term prognosis of IE in BCs for veterinarians and concerned owners, and may benefit breeders as well. Pedigree analyses indicated a strong genetic founder effect in the appearance of epilepsy, resembling autosomal recessive inheritance.

Front 583

Escherichia coli pyometra induces transient glomerular and tubular dysfunction in dogs

Back 583

Pyometra-related renal dysfunction affects the nephron both at glomerular and proximal tubular level and is a transient process in most dogs with E. coli pyometra.

Front 584

Estimated frequency of the canine hyperuricosuria mutation in different dog breeds

Back 584

The hyperuricosuria mutation has been identified in several unrelated dog breeds (American Staffordshire Terrier, Australian Shepherd, German Shepherd Dog, Giant Schnauzer, Parson (Jack) Russell Terrier, Labrador Retriever, Large Munsterlander, Pomeranian, South African Boerboel, and Weimaraner).The mutant allele frequencies vary among breeds and can be used to determine an appropriate breeding plan for each breed. A DNA test is available and may be used by breeders to decrease the mutant allele frequency in breeds that carry the mutation. In addition, veterinarians may use the test as a diagnostic tool to identify the cause of urate urolithiasis.

Front 585

Evaluation of a novel real-time continuous glucose-monitoring system for use in cats

Back 585

Although some readings substantially deviated from reference values, the CGMS yields reproducible results, is clinically accurate in cats with hyperglycemia and euglycemia, and is slightly less accurate if blood glucose concentrations are low. Rapidly increasing interstitial glucose after a glycemic rise suggests that the CGMS is suitable for real-time measurement under clinical conditions.

Front 586

Evaluation of a quality-of-life tool for cats with diabetes mellitus

Back 586

The DIAQoL-pet proved robust and identified specific areas most negatively impact- ing on diabetic cats and their owners’ QoL. This tool warrants further investigation for use in clinical or research settings.

Front 587

Evaluation of brain tissue or cerebrospinal fluid with broadly reactive polymerase chain reaction for Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, spotted fever group Rickettsia, Bartonella, and Borrelia species in canine neurological diseases (109 cases)

Back 587

The results of this investigation suggest that microorganisms in the genera Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Rickettsia, and Borrelia are unlikely to be directly associated with canine MEM in the geographic regions evaluated. The role of Bartonella in the pathogenesis of GME warrants further investigation (one dog with GME was positive for Bartonella vinsonii bekhoffii.

Front 588

Evaluation of fecal elastase and serum cholecystokinin in dogs with a false positive fecal elastase test

Back 588

The rate of false positive fecal elastase test results was high in this group of dogs, suggesting that diagnosis of EPI must be confirmed by other means. The decreased CCK concentration in dogs with a false positive fecal elastase test result could suggest that false positive results are because of decreased stimulation of exocrine pan- creatic function caused by other conditions.

Front 589

Evaluation of microsatellite instability in urine for the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the lower urinary tract in dogs

Back 589

Microsatellite analysis as performed in this study is not useful in the diagnosis of TCC.

Front 590

Evaluation of serum ferritin as a tumor marker for canine histiocytic sarcoma

Back 590

Hyperferritinemia is common in dogs with HS and, after IMHA is ruled out, the degree of hyperferritinemia may be useful in differentiating dogs with HS from dogs with inflammatory diseases, liver disease, and lymphoma.

Front 591

Francisella philomiragia Septicemia in a Dog

Back 591

F. philomiragia is an opportunistic bacterium that should be considered as a cause of invasive infection in immune-compromised veterinary patients or in those with compromised lung tissue (ie, near drowning event, aspiration pneumonia), especially if the patient has con- tact with, or lives near, salt water. Similar to R. equi, the unique, pleomorphic, coccobacillary appearance of the organism and its location within monocytes, macrophag- es, and neutrophils is helpful in identification. Familiarity with this organism is important for appropriate antibiotic administration and successful treatment.

Front 592

GM2 gangliosidosis variant 0 (Sandhoff-like disease) in a family of toy poodles

Back 592

The Sandhoff-like disease observed in this family of Toy Poodles is the 2nd occurrence of the canine form of this disease and the 1st report of its identification in a family of dogs.

Front 593

Hepatic volume measurements in dogs with extrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunts before and after surgical attenuation

Back 593

After shunt attenuation, rapid normalization of liver size was observed. Hepatic growth was not decreased in dogs after partial closure of CPSS or in dogs with subclinical, persistent shunting 2 months after surgery. CT is the preferred imaging method for volumetric estimation because of speed.

Front 594

Hereditary cerebellar degeneration in Scottish terriers

Back 594

A hereditary cerebellar degenerative disorder with a relatively mild phenotype has emerged in the Scottish Terrier. Genetic studies are needed. Prevalence of disease was estimated at 1 in 1,335 American Kennel Club registered Scottish Terriers. Genetic analysis results are consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.

Front 595

Heritability of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in German Shepherd dogs

Back 595

Pancreatic acinar atrophy is not a congenital disease in GSDs. This study provided evidence that PAA is

Front 596

Hypogammaglobulinemia in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Back 596

Sled dogs participating in long-distance racing have substantial decreases in [IgG] in addition to decreases in [IgM] and [IgE]. The pronounced hypogammaglobulinemia observed in a large proportion of racing sled dogs might predispose them to infectious disease.

Front 597

Immunohistochemical detection of retinoid receptors in tumors from 30 dogs diagnosed with cutaneous lymphoma

Back 597

Retinoid and rexinoid receptor binding drugs may have an impact on the treatment of dogs with cutaneous lymphoma. Twenty-nine of 30 dogs were CD3 positive. The retinoid receptors expressed with the greatest frequency were RARb (87% of cases), and RXRa and RXRg (77% of cases). The expression of RARg was not observed.

Front 598

Intermittent and continuous enteral nutrition in critically ill dogs: a prospective randomized trial

Back 598

There was a statistically significant difference in the percentage of prescribed nutrition delivered between continuously and intermittently fed dogs, but this difference is unlikely to be clinically relevant. Critically ill dogs can be successfully supported with either continuous infusion or intermittent bolus feeding of EN with few complications. Increased GRVs may not warrant termination of enteral feeding.

Front 599

Interpretation by clinicians of probability expressions in cytology reports and effect on clinical decision-making

Back 599

Probability expressions are interpreted variably yet have a major impact on clinical decision-making, including the decision to recommend euthanasia. Standardized terminology could improve decision-making and enhance clinical outcome.

Front 600

intravascular occlusion for the correction of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs

Back 600

Intravascular correction of EHPSS by the AVP is a viable option to surgical correc- tion while larger studies will be required to determine the clinical applicability of this procedure in the broader portosystemic shunt population.

Front 601

Long-term follow-up after transvenous single coil embolization of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs

Back 601

Long-term follow-up after single coil embolization showed complete closure in all small PDA but a residual shunt with mild hemodynamic consequences was present in half of the moderately sized PDA.

Front 602

Microbiologic evaluation of gallbladder bile of healthy dogs and dogs with iatrogenic hypercortisolism: a pilot study

Back 602

Based on the results of conventional bacterial culture techniques, gallbladder bile of healthy dogs periodically may harbor bacteria, which do not appear to be clinically relevant. A 3-month period of iatrogenic HC was not associated with bactibilia. A higher prevalence of bactibilia may be detected with micromolecular techniques.

Front 603

Monitoring of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) after Multidrug Chemotherapy and Its Correlation to Outcome in Dogs with Lymphoma: A Proof-of-Concept Pilot Study

Back 603

Minimal residual disease could be an objective marker to indicate tumor cell burden in dogs with lymphoma even in clinical CR. MRD at the end of chemotherapy could be a prognostic factor to predict remission duration after chemotherapy.

Front 604

Necrotizing Cerebellitis and Cerebellar Atrophy Caused by Neospora caninum Infection: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinicopathologic Findings in Seven Dogs

Back 604

Neosporosis is an important cause of progressive cerebellar ataxia and cerebellar atrophy in adult dogs.

Front 605

Oxidative stress and neutrophil function in cats with chronic renal failure

Back 605

The higher GSH : GSSG ratio and lower antioxidant capacity in CRF cats is consistent with activation of antioxidant defense mechanisms. It remains to be determined if supplementation with antioxidants such as SOD beyond the level of control cats would be of benefit in cats with CRF.

Front 606

Perceptions of quality of life and priorities of owners of cats with heart disease

Back 606

These results indicated that QoL is more important to owners of cats with heart disease than longevity. The various priorities and concerns of cat owners should be taken into account in order to provide optimal care.

Front 607

Pharmacodynamics of insulin detemir and insulin glargine assessed by an isoglycemic clamp method in healthy cats

Back 607

Insulin detemir and insulin glargine have shorter durations of action than in people when assessed by the clamp method, but in some cats these insulin analogs could be useful as once-a-day drugs. Peak effects of both insulin analogs are pronounced in some cats.

Front 608

Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Doxorubicin Pharmacokinetics in Dogs Deficient in ABCB1 Drug Transporters

Back 608

These results suggest that serum DOX concentrations are not indicative of tissue ex- posure, especially those with appreciable ABCB1 activity, and that gastrointestinal (GI) toxicosis would be dose limiting in ABCB1null populations. Dosage reductions necessary to prevent GI toxicosis likely result in subtherapeutic concentrations, thereby reducing DOXs efficacy in ABCB1null dogs.

Front 609

Phase I clinical trial and pharmacokinetics of intravesical mitomycin C in dogs with localized transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder

Back 609

Intravesical MMC has antitumor activity in dogs with invasive TCC. Further study is needed to determine the cause of the myelosuppression associated with MMC administration, and to develop strategies to minimize this risk.

Front 610

Phase II, open-label trial of single-agent CCNU in dogs with previously untreated histiocytic sarcoma

Back 610

CCNU, when used as a single agent, has activity against HS in dogs. Evaluation of CCNU postoperatively for dogs with resectable localized HS and as part of combination therapy for tumors that are nonre- sectable or disseminated should be considered.

Front 611

Placebo effect in canine epilepsy trials

Back 611

A positive response to placebo administration, manifesting as a decrease in seizure frequency, can be observed in epileptic dogs. This is of importance when evaluating open label studies in dogs that aim to assess efficacy of antiepileptic drugs, as the reported results might be overstated. Findings from this study highlight the need for more placebo-controlled trials in veterinary medicine.

Front 612

Plasma antithrombin activity as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator in dogs: a retrospective study of 149 dogs

Back 612

In dogs, ATA <60% indicates increased mortality risk, similarly to human patients, but ATA has limited value as a single discriminating factor in the outcome.

Front 613

Predictors of clinical remission in cats with diabetes mellitus

Back 613

Age, body weight, cholesterol, and glucose levels are suggested for prediction of re- mission or its duration in diabetic cats. Older cats developing diabetes may have a better outcome, possibly suggesting a slower disease progression.

Front 614

Prevalence of diarrhea and enteropathogens in racing sled dogs

Back 614

Sled dogs participating in long distance racing have a high prevalence of diarrhea and hematochezia that is not associated with common enteropathogens. It is possible that diarrhea and hematochezia represent the effect of prolonged exercise on the gastrointestinal tract.

Front 615

Prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy in doberman pinschers in various age groups

Back 615

The prevalence of Doberman cardiomyopathy is very high in Europe. Disease man- ifestation and progression are different between male and female dogs. Yearly screening for DCM by Holter examination and echocardiography is recommended, starting at 2 years of age.

Front 616

Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in three populations

Back 616

There were no differences in the prevalences of MSSA or MRSA between healthcare worker and nonhealthcare worker households. Pets and people colonized with S. aureus were as likely to be colonized with MRSA. Colonization of a person and their pet with the same strain of MRSA was rare.

Front 617

Prevalence of urinary tract infection in dogs after surgery for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion

Back 617

There is a high prevalence of UTIs, many of which are occult, in the 3 months after surgery for thoracolumbar IVDE. These dogs should be routinely monitored for UTI with urine culture regardless of urinalysis results.

Front 618

Prognostic factors in cats with feline panleukopenia

Back 618

Vaccination strategies that do not include vaccination of kittens beyond 12 weeks of age may not be adequate to prevent panleukopenia. Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, and hypokalemia are negative prognostic factors in cats with panleukopenia.

Front 619

Progressive juvenile glomerulonephropathy in 16 related French Mastiff (Bordeaux) dogs

Back 619

Clinical signs were typical of progressive glomerulopathy with resultant renal failure. Increased blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and total cholesterol concentrations, and proteinuria were found in all patients. Affected dogs had abnormal kidney structure on abdominal ultrasound examination. Histopathologic examination revealed extensive cystic glomerular atrophy, glomerular hypercellularity, and capillary wall thickening without immune complex deposition when tested with immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence. Electron microscopy did not disclose specific primary glomerular lesions. Mean age at death was 20 months and mean length of survival after diagnosis was 6 months. Both males and females from healthy parents were affected. An autosomal recessive mode of transmission is suspected, but a more complex mode of inheritance cannot be excluded.

Front 620

Prospective evaluation of clinically relevant type B hyperlactatemia in dogs with cancer

Back 620

Malignant tumors were not considered a cause of clinically relevant type B hyperlactatemia. Therefore, cancer-related type B hyperlactatemia in dogs is uncommon, and hyperlactatemia should prompt careful investigation for causes other than cancer.

Front 621

Prospective evaluation of laparoscopic pancreatic biopsies in 11 healthy cats

Back 621

For all variables evaluated, there were no significant differences between biopsy and control cats. Re-evaluation of the pancreatic biopsy site 1 month later documented a normal tissue response to biopsy. The laparoscopic punch biopsy forceps provided high-quality pancreatic biopsy samples with an average size of 5 mm x 4 mm on 2-dimensional cut section. Laparoscopic pancreatic biopsy is a useful and safe technique in healthy cats.

Front 622

Pulmonary abnormalities in dogs with leptospirosis

Back 622

In 70% of dogs with leptospirosis pulmonary changes were detected. Lung involve- ment represented a severe complication causing increased case fatality depending on the severity of respiratory distress.

Front 623

Pulmonary Artery Thrombosis in Experimental Angiostrongylus vasorum Infection Does Not Result in Pulmonary Hypertension and Echocardiographic Right Ventricular Changes

Back 623

In experimentally infected Beagles, pulmonary and vascular changes induced by A. vasorum are reflected by marked radiographic changes and arterial hypoxemia. These did not result in PH or echocardiographic changes in cardiac size and function.

Front 624

Pulmonary blood volume in mitral regurgitation in cavalier King Charles spaniels

Back 624

Increased pulmonary blood volume, not decreased forward stroke volume, is the main cause of increased normalized blood pulmonary transit time (nPTT) in MR. Increased nPTT can be used as an indicator of abnormal cardiopulmonary function in dogs with MR.

Front 625

Quantitative assessment of urea generation and elimination in healthy dogs and in dogs with chronic kidney disease

Back 625

Extrarenal pathways of urea excretion are predominant in dogs with advanced CKD and justify exploring adjunctive therapies based on enteric nitrogen excretion in dogs. A trend toward increased urea generation may indicate in- creased catabolism in advanced CKD.

Front 626

Resistance of the peripheral nervous system to the effects of chronic canine hypothyroidism

Back 626

Chronic hypothyroidism induced by thyroid irradiation does not result in clinical or electrophysiologic evi- dence of peripheral neuropathy, but does cause subclinical myopathy.

Front 627

Role of latent feline leukemia virus infection in nonregenerative cytopenias of cats

Back 627

The findings of this study suggest that FeLV latency is rare in cats with nonregener- ative cytopenias.

Front 628

Salivary cortisol concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with hypercortisolism

Back 628

Dogs with HAC had significantly higher salivary cortisol than normal dogs. The ROCHE Elecsys immunoassay analyzer correctly measured salivary cortisol in dogs. However, a broad clinical application of the method seems limited, because of the large sample volume required.

Front 629

Salmon poisoning disease in dogs: 29 cases

Back 629

Labrador Retrievers and intact male dogs were overrepresented. Exposure locations were often distant from the dogs’ residence. Some dogs had neurologic signs, including twitching and seizures. Dogs lacking peripheral lymphadenomegaly had abdominal lymphadenomegaly on ultrasound examination. A combination of centrifugation fecal flotation and sedimen- tation had greatest sensitivity for finding fluke ova. N. helminthoeca DNA was amplified by PCR from 4/10 dogs. Penicillins, cephalosporins, and chloramphenicol did not appear to be effective treatments. Mortality rate was 4/29 (14%).

Front 630

Seroprevalence and risk factors for canine H3N8 influenza virus exposure in household dogs in Colorado

Back 630

CIV seropositivity in household dogs in Colorado is low, although it has increased since 2004. Antibody titers to the 3 CIV isolates were comparable, suggesting that measurable antigenic drift has not yet oc- curred. Finally, dogs boarded in kennels or attending daycare might be at an increased risk of CIV infection.

Front 631

Serum cardiac troponin I concentration in dogs with precapillary and postcapillary pulmonary hypertension

Back 631

Serum cTnI is high in dogs with either precapillary and postcapillary PH. Myocardial damage in dogs with postcapillary PH is likely the consequence of increased severity of MVD.

Front 632

Severe Hepatitis Associated with Acute Ehrlichia canis Infection in a Dog

Back 632

this report provides strong evidence that acute canine monocytic ehrlichiosis may induce symptom- atic hepatitis as the predominant clinical manifestation. It is therefore suggested that CME should be included in the differential diagnosis when dogs are admitted with fever and laboratory evidence of hepatic disease, espe- cially in the endemic areas for the disease.

Front 633

Survival and the development of azotemia after treatment of hyperthyroid cats

Back 633

Plasma concentrations of urea and creatinine were positively correlated with the development of azotemia. Plasma globulin concentration was negatively correlated with the development of azotemia. Age, urine protein : creatinine ratio, and the presence of hypertension were significantly correlated with decreased survival time. Urine specific gravity and PCV were significantly correlated with increased survival time. The proteinuria associated with hyperthyroidism is not a mediator of progression of CKD; however, it does correlate with all cause mortality.

Front 634

Suspected needle stick transmission of Bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii to a veterinarian

Back 634

It is possible to transmit Bartonella with a needle stick from an infected dog.

Front 635

The acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLE) score: a severity of illness stratification system for hospitalized dogs

Back 635

Two models are presented that enable allocation of an accurate and user-friendly illness severity index for dogs admitted to an ICU. These models operate independent of primary diagnosis, and have been independently validated.

Front 636

The cardiac biomarker sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX-1) can differentiate between heart failure and renal failure: a comparative study of NCX-1 expression in dogs with chronic mitral valvular insufficiency and azotemia

Back 636

Azotemia likely does not affect NCX-1 expression.

Front 637

The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors of left atrial pressure in dogs with mitral valve regurgitation

Back 637

ACE inhibitors decrease LAP minimally, despite reductions in left ventricular after- load. ACE inhibitors should not be used to decrease LAP.

Front 638

The effects of illness on urinary catecholamines and their metabolites in dogs

Back 638

Illness has a significant impact on urinary catecholamines and their metabolites in dogs. Further investigation of catecholamine and metanephrine concentrations in dogs with pheochromocytomas is warranted to fully evaluate this test as a diagnostic tool; however, the findings of this study suggest that the results may be difficult to interpret in dogs with concurrent illness.

Front 639

The influence of high-intensity moderate duration exercise on cardiac troponin I and C-reactive protein in sled dogs

Back 639

Strenuous exercise of short duration did not result in cTnI concentrations above the reference range for healthy dogs. Although increased after 2 days of short-duration strenuous exercise, CRP did not reach concentrations suggestive of inflammation, as reported previously in the endurance sled dogs. Therefore, we surmise that mod- erate exercise does not present a confounding variable in the interpretation of cTnI and CRP concentrations in normal dogs.

Front 640

The relationship between body weight, body condition, and survival in cats with heart failure

Back 640

Cats with the lowest and highest body weights had reduced survival times compared with those with body weights in the intermediate ranges, suggesting a U-shaped relationship between body weight and survival. Additional research into the effects of body composition could help to determine optimal management of cats with heart failure.

Front 641

The role of bronchoscopy in foreign body removal in dogs and cats: 37 cases (2000-2008)

Back 641

Bronchoscopy was successful in removing airway foreign bodies regardless of animal size or long duration of clinical signs. Results of this study confirm the utility of bronchoscopy with lavage in management of suspected foreign bodies, even in the absence of localizing radiographic findings.

Front 642

Tidal breathing flow-volume loop analysis for the diagnosis and staging of tracheal collapse in dogs

Back 642

Tidal breathing flow-volume loop analysis is accurate, quick, noninvasive, and safe and can contribute to the diagnosis of tracheal collapse in dogs.

Front 643

Tracheal collapse and bronchomalacia in dogs: 58 cases (7 /2001-1 /2008)

Back 643

Tracheobronchomalacia was documented in 50% of dogs examined, with tracheal collapse in 21% and bronchomalacia in 47%. In dogs with bronchomalacia, collapse of the right middle (59%) and left cranial (52%) lung lobes was identified most commonly. Dogs with bronchomalacia were significantly more likely to display normal airway cytology and to have mitral regurgitation and cardiomegaly than dogs without airway collapse (P < .05). Radiographs were insensitive for detection of airway collapse.

Front 644

Treatment of age-related hearing loss in dogs with the vibrant soundbridge middle ear implant: short-term results in 3 dogs

Back 644

Implantation of the VSB resulted in lower ASSR thresholds, but only at the higher gain settings of the audioprocessor. As in humans, a more powerful audioprocessor is required to treat sensorineural hearing loss exceeding 20 dB in dogs. A substantial improvement in patient-owner communication will have to be demonstrated in future studies before the procedure can be recommended in clinical practice.

Front 645

Treatment of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia with individually adjusted heparin dosing in dogs

Back 645

This study suggests that Individually Adjusted Dose Unfractionated Heparin therapy using anti-Xa monitoring reduced case fatality rate in dogs with IMHA when compared with dogs receiving fixed low dose UH therapy.

Front 646

Ultrasonographic evaluation of the muscularis propria in cats with diffuse small intestinal lymphoma or inflammatory bowel disease

Back 646

Older cats with muscularis layer thickening are more likely to have T-cell lymphoma than IBD. The ultrasonographic pattern is associated with histologic infiltrates in the mucosal and submucosal layers of small intestine. Lymphadenopathy is associated with lymphoma or IBD.

Front 647

Ultrasonography criteria for differentiating ACTH dependency from ACTH independency in 47 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism and equivocal adrenal asymmetry

Back 647

In Equivocal Adrenal Asymetry cases, an dosal ventral thickness of the smaller adrenal gland of <5.0 mm is an appropriate cut-off for AIHAC ultrasono- graphic diagnosis.

Front 648

Urinary catecholamine and metanephrine to creatinine ratios in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism or pheochromocytoma, and in healthy dogs

Back 648

Dogs with HAC might have increased concentrations of urinary catecholamines and normetanephrine. A high concentration of urinary normetanephrine (4 times normal), is highly suggestive of PHEO.

Front 649

Urinary markers in healthy young and aged dogs and dogs with chronic kidney disease

Back 649

The urinary markers uALB/c, uRBP/c, and uNAG/c were significantly increased in dogs with CKD compared with healthy controls. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the ability of these markers to detect renal disease before the onset of azotemia.

Front 650

Use of Simpson's method of disc to detect early echocardiographic changes in Doberman Pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy

Back 650

Simpson's Method of Discs measurements are superior to M-mode to detect early echocardiographic changes in Dobermans with occult DCM.

Front 651

Utility of transesophageal echocardiography for transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs: influence on the decision-making process

Back 651

TEE provided anatomic information regarding PDA morphology that closely ap- proximated angiographic ductal dimensions while aiding in device deployment, release and confirmation of closure. We conclude that TEE provides complementary anatomical and intraprocedural information and is well tolerated in dogs.

Front 652

Von Willebrand factor antigen concentration in dogs with sepsis

Back 652

vWF is increased in dogs with sepsis, possibly reflecting endothelial activation. Fur- ther exploration of endothelial function is warranted in critically ill dogs.

Front 653

Whole blood manganese concentrations in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts

Back 653

Dogs with a cPSS have significantly increased whole blood Mn concentrations. Additional studies are warranted to investigate the role of Mn in cPSS-associated hepatic encephalopathy.

Front 654

Acute hepatic failure and coagulopathy associated with xylitol ingestion in eight dogs

Back 654

Xylitol can cause liver failure in dogs.

Front 655

Aromatherapy for travel-induced excitement in dogs

Back 655

Traditional treatments for travel-induced excitement in dogs may be time-consuming, expensive, or associated with adverse effects. Aromatherapy in the form of diffused lavender odor may offer a practical alternative treatment for travel-induced excitement in this species.

Front 656

Association between various physical factors and acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion or protrusion in Dachshunds

Back 656

Results suggest that certain body dimensions may be associated with acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extru- sion or protrusion in Dachshunds and, in affected dogs, with severity of neurologic dysfunction.

Front 657

Association of argyrophilic nucleolar organizing regions, Ki-67, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen scores with histologic grade and survival in dogs with soft tissue sarcomas: 60 Cases (1996-2002)

Back 657

Results suggested that AgNORs and possibly Ki-67 should be routinely evaluated with histologic grading for STSs in dogs.

Front 658

Association of portovenographic findings with outcome in dogs receiving surgical treatment for single congenital portosystemic shunts: 45 cases (2000-2004)

Back 658

Data suggest that Intraoperative Mesonteric Portovenography can be used to assess changes in Intrahepatic portal vessel blood flow and help predict outcome following attenuation of single CPSSs in dogs.

Front 659

Balloon dilatation of nasopharyngeal stenosis in a dog

Back 659

Dog was treated with 3 separate dilations. Prednisone was used after first treatment and triamcinolone injections were used after the 2nd and 3rd dilation to reduce fibrous tissue formation. Findings suggest that balloon dilatation may be an effective treatment for nasopha- ryngeal stenosis in dogs.

Front 660

Characteristics of cisternal cerebrospinal fluid associated with intracranial meningiomas in dogs: 56 Cases (1985-2004)

Back 660

Results were significantly different from those routinely reported in the veterinary literature. Neutrophilic pleocytosis, espe- cially with TNCCs > 50 cells/μL, was not typical in CSF samples from dogs with intracranial meningiomas. Neutrophilic pleocytosis may not be detected in CSF samples from dogs with meningiomas located within the middle or rostral portion of the cranial fossae.

Front 661

Cholecystoenterostomy for treatment of extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction in cats: 22 cases (1994-2003)

Back 661

Results suggest that cats with EHBTO secondary to neoplasia have a poorer prognosis than cats with EHBTO secondary to chronic inflammatory disease. However, the overall prognosis for cats with EHBTO undergoing cholecys- toenterostomy must be considered guarded to poor, and the incidence of perioperative complications is high.

Front 662

Choledochal tube stenting for decompression of the extrahepatic portion of the biliary tract in dogs: 13 Cases (2002-2005)

Back 662

Choledochal tube stenting is an effective method of decompression of the extrahepatic portion of the biliary tract in dogs and provides a less complex alternative to traditional cholecystoenterostomy techniques in select cases

Front 663

Circumcaval ureter associated with an intrahepatic portosystematic shunt in a dog

Back 663

Findings suggest that circum- caval ureter should be considered in the differential diagnosis for hydronephrosis and hydroureter in dogs. Partial obstruction of the middle segment of the ureter on ultrasonograms or contrast radiographs should increase the index of suspicion for this condi- tion.

Front 664

Clinical aspects of natural infection with Blastomyces dermatitidis in cats: 8 Cases (1991-2005)

Back 664

In contrast to previous reports, diagnosis was achieved ante- mortem in most of the cats (all by cytologic identifi- cation of the organism). Clinical signs, laboratory find- ings, and outcome were similar to previous descrip- tions of this rare disease in cats.

Front 665

Clinical evaluation of dietary modification for treatment of spontaneous chronic kidney disease in cats

Back 665

The renal diet evaluated in this study was superior to an adult main- tenance diet in minimizing uremic episodes and renal- related deaths in cats with spontaneous stage 2 or 3

Front 666

Clinical signs and clinicopathologic abnormalities in dogs with clinical spirocercosis: 39 Cases (1996-2004)

Back 666

Results suggest that clinical spirocercosis occurs more often in young- adult, large-breed dogs. Nonregenerative anemia, neu- trophilic leukocytosis, hyperproteinemia, and high alkaline phosphatase activity may be useful clinicopathologic indi- cators of this disease.

Front 667

Clinicopathologic findings and outcome in dogs with infective endocarditis: 71 Cases (1992-2005)

Back 667

A diagnosis of IE should be suspected in dogs with fever, systolic or diastolic murmur, and locomotor problems. Dogs with thrombocytopenia, high serum creatinine concentra- tion, thromboembolism, or renal complications may have a shorter survival time.

Front 668

Comparison of endoscopic and full-thickness biopsy specimens for diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease and alimentary tract lymphoma in cats

Back 668

EB specimens were useful for diagnosis of gastric lymphosarcoma but were not adequate for differentiating between IBD and lymphosarcoma in the small intestine. Because the most common sites of alimentary tract lymphosarcoma in cats are the jejunum and ileum, FTB specimens of those sites should be obtained via laparotomy or laparoscopy for accurate diagnosis. Laparoscopy may be a minimally invasive alternative to endoscopy and laparo- tomy for obtaining diagnostic biopsy specimens.

Front 669

Comparison of results of computed tomography and radiography with histopathologic findings in tracheobronchial lymph nodes in dogs with primary lung tumors: 14 Cases (1999-2002)

Back 669

Results of CT evaluation of TBLN status were in agreement with histopathologic findings and more accurate than use of thoracic radiography for evaluating TBLNs in dogs with primary lung tumors. Computed tomography imaging should be considered as part of the staging process to more accurately assess the TBLNs in dogs with primary lung tumors.

Front 670

Control of selection bias in parallel-group controlled clinical trials in dogs and cats: 97 Trials (2000-2005)

Back 670

Randomization was reported as the method of allocating study animals to groups in most publications, indicating that the potential power of randomization in controlling selection bias is appreciated by clinical investigators seeking to determine the efficacy of an intervention. However, in most reports, little corroborating information was includ- ed to support the claim. The absence of this information makes it difficult for practitioners to critically review the impact of bias on study results and make informed deci- sions regarding patients.

Front 671

Corneal ulceration associated with naturally occurring canine herpesvirus-1 infection in two adult dogs

Back 671

To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of corneal ulcerations associated with naturally occurring CHV-1 infection and may represent local ocular recrudescence of latent CHV-1 infection. The viruses isolated were identified as CHV-1, and the morphology, antigenicity, and genotype were similar to those for CHV-1 isolates obtained from a puppy that died from systemic CHV-1 infection.

Front 672

Cytauxzoon felis infection in cats in the mid-Atlantic states: 34 Cases (1998-2004)

Back 672

Data indicate that veterinarians in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States should consider C felis infection in cats that become ill with fever, icterus, and pancytopenia or bicytopenia, especially in the spring and summer months.

Front 673

Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in tissues from dogs with presumptive Lyme borreliosis

Back 673

Results indiated that detection of B burgdorferi DNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues is feasible, but that intact B burgdorferi DNA is rarely found in tissues from naturally infected dogs, even tissues from dogs with presumptive Lyme borreliosis. Further, findings sup- port the contention that Lyme nephritis may be a ster- ile, immune complex disease.

Front 674

Detection of feline herpesvirus 1 DNA in skin biopsy specimens from cats with or without dermatitis

Back 674

Results confirmed that FHV-1 DNA can be detected in the skin of cats with herpetic dermatitis and suggest that the virus may play a causative role in the disease. In addi- tion, the PCR assay may be useful in confirming a diagnosis of herpetic dermatitis.

Front 675

Development of antimicrobial drug resistance in rectal Escherichia coli isolates from dogs hospitalized in an intensive care unit

Back 675

Results suggested that the proportion of rectal E coli isolates obtained from dogs housed for ≥ 3 days in a veterinary teaching hospital ICU that were resistant to antimicro- bial agents increased as the duration of hospitalization in the ICU increased. Thus, ICU hospitalization time should be as short as possible to prevent development of antimicrobial resistance among rectal E coli iso- lates.

Front 676

Diagnosis and surgical management of vascular ectasia in a dog

Back 676

Initial exploratory celiotomy with intestinal and colonic biopsy failed to reveal the Vascular Ectasia lesions responsible for the melena, hema- tochezia, and anemia. Endoscopic evaluation was necessary for detection of the colonic VE lesions. Surgical resection of the cecum and colon and feed- ing of a highly digestible diet may result in a favorable outcome in affected dogs.

Front 677

Diagnostic value of cytologic examination of gastrointestinal tract tumors in dogs and cats: 83 Cases (2001-2004)

Back 677

Results suggest that there was moderate agreement between results of cytologic examination of fine-needle aspi- rates from dogs and cats with gastrointestinal tract neoplasia and the definitive histologic diagnosis. The agreement between results of cytologic examination of impression smears and the histologic diagnosis appeared to be higher.

Front 678

Disease prevalence among dogs and cats in the United States and Australia and proportions of dogs and cats that receive therapeutic diets or dietary supplements

Back 678

Results suggest that most dogs and cats reported by their owners to have a health problem were not being fed a therapeutic diet. In addition, the rate of dietary sup- plement use was lower than that reported for people.

Front 679

Doppler echocardiography-derived evidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease: 86 cases (2001-2005)

Back 679

The prevalence and degree of Doppler Echocardiography-derived evidence of pulmonry hypertension were related to the severity of MVD. Changes associated with DEE- PAH may be detected in early stages of the disease, but only in dogs with severe mitral valve regurgita- tion.

Front 680

Drug distribution and stability in extemporaneous preparations of meloxicam and carprofen after dilution and suspension at two storage temperatures

Back 680

Distilled water, methylcellulose gel, and the suspending and flavoring vehicle compound can be used successfully for extemporaneous preparation of meloxicam and carprofen for administration to small exotic animals. Simple syrups should be avoided. Refrigeration is recommended

Front 681

Effect of age on reference intervals of serum biochemical values in kittens

Back 681

Important differences exist between reference intervals for serum biochemical values of neonatal and adult cats. Age- appropriate reference intervals should be used for accurate assessment of serum biochemical test results in cats.

Front 682

Effect of transdermally administered fentanyl on minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in normothermic and hypothermic dogs

Back 682

Data suggest that transdermal administration of fentanyl signifi- cantly reduces isoflurane requirements in normother- mic dogs. The isoflurane MAC-sparing effects of transdermal fentanyl are not apparent in hypothermic dogs.

Front 683

Effects of caloric restriction and a moderate or intense physiotherapy program for treatment of lameness in overweight dogs with osteoarthritis

Back 683

Caloric restriction combined with intensive physical therapy improved mobility and facilitated weight loss in overweight dogs. The combination of dietetic and physical therapy may help to improve the health status more efficiently than dietetic treatment alone.

Front 684

Effects of diet on clinical signs of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs

Back 684

Results indicated that responses to different diets varied among individual dogs. Because responses to the feeding reg- imens were unpredictable, it is suggested that feeding regimens be individually formulated for dogs with EPI.

Front 685

Estimated prevalence of nematode parasitism among pet cats in the United States

Back 685

Results suggest that prevalences of nematode infections among pet cats in the United States may be lower than pre- viously suspected on the basis of prevalences report- ed among cats in humane shelters and those report- ed in more geographically focused studies.

Front 686

Evaluation of a two-centimeter lateral surgical margin for excision of grade I and grade II cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs

Back 686

Excision with a 2-cm lateral margin and a deep margin of 1 fascial plane may result in satisfactory excision of grades I and II MCTs in dogs, with recurrence rates similar to those reported previously. Use of these margins may mini- mize complications associated with larger local tumor resection.

Front 687

Evaluation of adverse effects of long-term orally administered carprofen in dogs

Back 687

It is possible that the transient decreases in serum protein and albu- min concentrations in dogs that received carprofen were caused by altered mucosal permeability of the gastrointestinal tract because no indications of renal or hepatic toxicity were observed. Carprofen appeared to be well tolerated by dogs after 2 months of adminis- tration.

Front 688

Evaluation of bacterial and protozoal contamination of commercially available raw meat diets for dogs

Back 688

Bacterial contamination is common in commercially available raw meat diets, suggesting that there is a risk of foodborne illness in dogs fed these diets as well pos- sible risk for humans associated with the dogs or their environments.

Front 689

Evaluation of carbon dioxide laser ablation combined with mitoxantrone and piroxicam treatment in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma

Back 689

Although survival times achieved with CO2 laser ablation and treatment with mitox- antrone and piroxicam were similar to survival times associated with chemotherapy alone, resolution of clinical signs was better with the combined treatment.

Front 690

Evaluation of catheter-associated urinary tract infections and multi-drug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from the urine of dogs with indwelling urinary catheters

Back 690

The ICU- acquired MDR E coli UTI likely originated from the dog’s intestinal flora during hospitalization. Dogs that have been referred from a community practice may have MDR E coli UTIs at the time of admission.

Front 691

Evaluation of cats fed vegetarian diets and attitudes of their caregivers

Back 691

Vegetarian diets are fed to cats primarily for ethical considerations. Results of this study should aid practitioners in communicating with and providing advice to such clients.

Front 692

Evaluation of clinicopathologic features, response to treatment, and risk factors associated with idiopathic neutropenia in dogs: 11 Cases (1990-2002)

Back 692

An immune- mediated pathogenesis should be considered for dogs with idiopathic neutropenia in which the cause is not known. Severe neutropenia and young age were signif- icantly associated with idiopathic neutropenia in dogs. Prognosis appeared to be excellent with prednisone treatment.

Front 693

Evaluation of dysmyelopoiesis in cats: 34 Cases (1996-2005)

Back 693

Differentiating cats with myelodysplastic syndromes from cats with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia was difficult because severe anemia and autoagglutination may be concurrent findings in both conditions. Differentiating between myelodysplastic syndrome with excessive numbers of blast cells and myelodysplastic syndrome with refractory cytopenias was useful in predicting clin- ical outcome

Front 694

Evaluation of factors associated with survival in dogs with untreated nasal carcinomas: 139 Cases (1993-2003)

Back 694

The prognosis of dogs with untreated nasal carcinomas is poor. Treatment strategies to improve outcome should be pursued. Epistaxis appears to be a negative prognostic indicator.

Front 695

Evaluation of lung lobe torsion in Pugs: 7 Cases (1991-2004)

Back 695

Results indicated that young male Pugs may be predisposed to devel- oping spontaneous LLT. The prognosis for survival and resolution of clinical signs in Pugs with LLT appeared to be excellent. Factors contributing to the development of LLT in Pugs are not known.

Front 696

Evaluation of palliative stenting for management of malignant urethral obstructions in dogs

Back 696

Transurethral placement of metallic stents was a safe and effective palliative treatment option for dogs with malignant urethral obstructions.

Front 697

Evaluation of plasma protein C activity for detection of hepatobiliary disease and portosystemic shunting in dogs

Back 697

Combining PC with routine tests improved recognition of PSS, hepatic failure, and severe hepatobiliary disease and signified a grave prognosis when coupled with hyperbilirubinemia and low antithrombin activity in hepatic failure. Protein C activity can help prioritize tests used to distinguish PSVA from MVD and sen- sitively reflects improved hepatic-portal perfusion after PSVA ligation.

Front 698

Evaluation of prognostic factors associated with outcome in dogs with multiple cutaneous mast cell tumors treated with surgery with and without adjuvant treatment: 54 Cases (1998-2004)

Back 698

Results sug- gested that multiple cutaneous MCTs in dogs are asso- ciated with a low rate of metastasis and a good prog- nosis for long-term survival with adequate excision of all MCTs. The overall rate of metastasis was 15%. Factors that negatively influenced survival time in the univariate analysis included incomplete excision, local recurrence, size > 3 cm, clinical signs at the time of diagnosis, and use of adjuvant treatment. Presence of clinical signs at the time of diagnosis was the only negative prognostic factor for disease-free interval detected in the multivariate analysis.

Front 699

Evaluation of risk factors for Cryptococcus gattii infection in dogs and cats

Back 699

Results indicated that dogs and cats that were active or that lived near a site of commercial environmental disturbance had a significantly increased risk of developing C gat- tii infection. Veterinarians should communicate these risks to owners in context because cryptococcosis was an uncommon disease in this population

Front 700

Evaluation of strontium 90 irradiation in treatment of cutaneous mast cell tumors in cats: 35 Cases (1992-2002)

Back 700

Results indicated that strontium 90 β irradiation resulted in long-term tumor control and should be considered an effective alternative to surgical resection in management of CMCTs in cats.

Front 701

Evaluation of surrogate markers for passive transfer of immunity in kittens

Back 701

Adequacy of passive transfer in kittens initially correlated with serum activity of ALP, but quantification of serum IgG concen- tration was necessary after 2 days of age.

Front 702

Evaluation of survival time in dogs with stage III osteosarcoma that undergo treatment: 90 cases (1985-2004)

Back 702

Median survival time was 76 days, with a range of 0 to 1,583 days. No significant differences in survival times on the basis of age, sex, breed, or pri- mary site were observed. Breeds and primary tumor sites were typical of those usually associated with osteosarcoma in dogs. Dogs treated palliatively with radiation therapy and chemotherapy had a significant- ly longer survival time (130 days) than dogs in all other treatment groups. Dogs treated with surgery alone had a significantly shorter survival time (3 days) than dogs treated with surgery and chemotherapy (78 days). Dogs with bone metastases had a longer sur- vival time than dogs with soft tissue metastases.

Front 703

Evaluation of the association between feeding raw meat and Salmonella enterica infections at a Greyhound breeding facility

Back 703

S enterica infec- tions and environmental contamination were common at this facility. A portion of the Salmonella strains detect- ed on the premises was likely introduced via raw meat that was the primary dietary constituent. Some strains appeared to be widely disseminated in the population. Feeding meat that had not been cooked properly, partic- ularly meat classified as unfit for human consumption, likely contributed to the infections in these dogs.

Front 704

Evaluation of the association between microalbuminuria and the urine albumin-creatinine ratio and systemic disease in dogs

Back 704

Microalbuminuria was associated with underlying disease. The sensitivity and specificity of the semiquantitative microalbuminuria test for detection of systemic dis- ease were superior to those of other tests. Microalbuminuria testing in conjunction with other screening procedures may increase diagnosis of sub- clinical disease, but a prospective study in which the predictive values of screening tests are evaluated, with and without microalbuminuria determination, is needed.

Front 705

Evaluation of the isoflurane-sparing effects of lidocaine and fentanyl during surgery in dogs

Back 705

Administration of fentanyl resulted in greater isoflurane sparing effect than did lidocaine. However, it appeared that the low heart rate induced by fentanyl may partially offset the improvement in mean arterial pressure that would be expected with reduced isoflurane requirements.

Front 706

Evaluation of the relationship between causative organisms and clinical characteristics of infective endocarditis in dogs: 71 Cases (1992-2005)

Back 706

Streptococci were the most common cause of IE and were more likely to infect the mitral valve and be associated with polyarthritis. Dogs with IE secondary to Bartonella spp infection were often afebrile, more likely to develop con- gestive heart failure, rarely had mitral valve involvement, and had shorter survival times

Front 707

Extensive small bowel resection in dogs and cats: 20 Cases (1998-2004)

Back 707

Most dogs and cats that underwent extensive resection of the small intestine had a good outcome. The amount of intestine resected was not associated with outcome. These data may be useful in providing prognostic information in cases of extensive small intestinal resection.

Front 708

Fecal incontinence associated with epidural spinal hematoma and intervertebral disk extrusion in a dog

Back 708

Thoracolumbar spinal cord injuries can result in upper motor neuron fecal incontinence in ambulatory dogs. Epidural spinal hematomas may develop secondary to intervertebral disk herniations and cause spinal cord compression resulting in neurologic deficits.

Front 709

Frequency of and risk factors associated with lingual lesions in dogs: 1,196 Cases (1995-2004)

Back 709

The frequency of lingual lesions was not evenly distributed across breeds, sexes, or size classes of dogs. Veterinarians should be aware of the commonly reported lingual lesions in dogs so that prompt diagnosis and appropri- ate management can be initiated.

Front 710

Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with pulmonary Eikenella corrodens infection in a dog

Back 710

The authors are not aware of reports of pulmonary infection with E corrodens in animals. Infection with the organism is rare, but it is possible that infections are underreported given that the organism is difficult to culture and biopsy may be necessary to obtain enough tissue to yield a diagno- sis.

Front 711

Idiopathic primary chylopericardium in a dog

Back 711

To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of the development of chyloperi- cardium prior to development of chylothorax in a dog. Treatment with thoracic duct ligation and pericardec- tomy resulted in complete resolution of the effusion and clinical signs.

Front 712

Intramuscular administration of a low dose of ACTH for ACTH stimulation testing in dogs

Back 712

Results suggest that in healthy dogs and dogs with hyperadreno- corticism, administration of cosyntropin at a dose of 5 μg/kg, IV or IM, resulted in equivalent adrenal gland stimulation.

Front 713

Investigation of antimicrobial use and the impact of antimicrobial use guidelines in a small animal veterinary teaching hospital: 1995-2004

Back 713

Characterization of antimicrobial use is an important step in defining and evaluating the prudent use of antimicrobials. Whereas the true effect of antimicrobial use guidelines is unclear, these results suggest that the guidelines may have had an effect on antimicrobial prescription patterns in this small animal veterinary teaching hospital. Analysis of objective data regarding antimicrobial use and changes in antimicrobial use patterns over time is important in veteri- nary practices.

Front 714

Lifelong diet restriction and radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis of the hip joint in dogs

Back 714

Restricted feeding delayed or prevented development of radiographic signs of hip joint osteoarthritis in this cohort of Labrador Retrievers. Lifetime maintenance of 25% diet restriction delayed onset and reduced severity of hip joint osteoarthritis, thus favorably affecting both duration and quality of life. In addition, the data indi- cated that development of hip joint osteoarthritis was not bimodal in these dogs but occurred as a continu- um throughout life.

Front 715

Liver lobe torsion in dogs: 13 Cases (1995-2004)

Back 715

Results suggest that development of nonspecific clinical signs of vomiting, lethargy, and anorexia in conjunction with high serum hepatic enzyme activities and mature neu- trophilia in a medium-sized or large-breed dog should increase the index of suspicion for LLT. Abdominal ultrasonography with Doppler assessment may be useful in establishing the diagnosis. The long-term out- come for dogs that survive the hospitalization period is excellent.

Front 716

Long-term survival and risk factors associated with biliary surgery in dogs: 34 Cases (1994-2004)

Back 716

Long-term prognosis was guarded after biliary surgery in dogs. However, dogs that survived the early postoperative period had good long-term prognosis. Dogs with pan- creatitis had poor prognosis. Overall, the prognosis was worse for dogs that underwent a biliary diversion, com- pared with dogs that did not.

Front 717

Palliative use of a stent for colonic obstruction caused by adenocarcinoma in two cats

Back 717

The use of self-expanding metallic stents for alleviation of colonic obstruction secondary to adenocarcinoma in cats appears to be effective. This technique provides a simple, quick, nonsurgical option for palliation in cats with advanced metastatic or systemic disease in which surgical resection may not be possible or warranted.

Front 718

Postoperative results of unilateral arytenoid lateralization for treatment of idiopathic laryngeal paralysis in dogs: 39 Cases (1996-2002)

Back 718

Results suggest that UAL will improve quality of life in most dogs with idiopathic laryngeal paralysis. However, the complication rate is high, with postoperative pneumonia being the most important major complication. Minor complications were common but did not adversely affect owner-assigned quality-of-life scores in most dogs.

Front 719

Prevalence of DNA of Mycoplasma haemofelis, 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum,' Ananplasma phagocytophilum, and species of Bartonella, Neorickettsia, and Ehrlichia in cats used as blood donors in the United States

Back 719

When community-source cats, cats allowed outdoors, or cats exposed to fleas are to be used as blood donors, they should be regularly assessed for infection with M haemofelis, ‘Candidatus M haemominutum,’ and Bartonella spp, and flea-control treatment should be regularly provided.

Front 720

Protection from challenge following administration of a canarypox virus-vectored recombinant feline leukemia virus vaccine in cats previously vaccinated with a killed virus vaccine

Back 720

Results suggest that protection against FeLV challenge obtained following SC administration of a single dose of an FeLV-k vaccine followed, 21 days later, by transdermal administration of a single dose of an rCP-FeLV vaccine was similar to that obtained following SC administra- tion of 2 doses of the FeLV-k vaccine 21 days apart.

Front 721

Renal transplantation in cats with calcium oxalate urolithiasis: 19 Cases (1997-2004)

Back 721

Renal transplantation appears to be a viable option for cats in renal failure secondary to calcium oxalate urolithiasis. In addition to reported complications in renal transplant recipients, formation of calculi within the allograft may also occur.

Front 722

Results of rhinoscopy alone or in conjunction with sinuscopy in dogs with aspergillosis: 46 cases (2001-2004)

Back 722

Results confirm that frontal sinus involvement is common in dogs with nasal aspergillosis and suggest that frontal sinus trephination and sinuscopy may aid in the diagnosis of aspergillosis in dogs, particularly dogs with rhinoscopic evidence of destructive rhinitis and computed tomo- graphic evidence of sinus involvement that lack detectable fungal plaques in the nasal cavity.

Front 723

Risk factor associated with clinical signs of lower urinary tract disease in indoor-housed cats

Back 723

Lower urinary tract signs in indoor-housed cats may be more closely associated with cat-related factors than with demo- graphic or environmental factors.

Front 724

Septicemia in a young dog following treatment of patent ductus arteriosus via coil occlusion

Back 724

This case highlights the fact that as PDA coil occlusion devices become more widely used in dogs, practitioners must be prepared to treat implant infections aggressively, with both medical and surgical interventions if necessary.

Front 725

Seroprevalence of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infection among cats in North America and risk factors for seropositivity

Back 725

Results suggest that certain characteristics, such as age, sex, health sta- tus, and lifestyle, are associated with risk of FeLV and FIV seropositivity among cats in North America. However, cats in all categories were found to be at risk for infection, and current guidelines to test all cats at the time of acquisition and again during illness should be fol- lowed.

Front 726

Serum alkaline phosphatase activity in Scottish Terriers versus dogs of other breeds

Back 726

Results suggest that Scottish Terriers have higher serum ALP activ- ities than do dogs of other breeds. Although Scottish Terriers also have a higher prevalence of diseases asso- ciated with high serum ALP activity, this alone did not explain the higher mean serum ALP activity in the breed.

Front 727

Signalment, clinical signs, and prognostic indicators associated with high-grade second- or third-degree atrioventricular block in dogs: 124 Cases (January 1, 1997-December 31, 1997)

Back 727

Pacemaker implantation should be strongly considered in all dogs with high-grade second- or third-degree AVB regard- less of whether clinical signs are evident. If medical treatment is warranted, vagolytic medications may be the best choice. A new classification system for AVB may merit further investigation

Front 728

Sodium iodide I 131 treatment of dogs with nonresectable thyroid tumors: 39 Cases (1990-2003)

Back 728

Results suggested that 131I therapy may result in prolonged survival times in dogs with nonresectable thyroid tumors, regardless of serum thyroxine concentration prior to treatment. Dogs undergoing 131I therapy should be mon- itored for signs of bone marrow suppression.

Front 729

Spontaneous retrograde movement of ureteroliths in two dogs and five cats

Back 729

Ureteroliths can move retro- grade within the ureter and even back into the renal pelvis. Retrograde movement of ureteroliths may make surgical planning more difficult.

Front 730

Survival times for cats with hyperthyroidism treated with iodine 131, methimazole, or both: 167 Cases (1996-2003)

Back 730

When cats with preexisting renal disease were excluded, median survival time for cats treated with methimazole alone (2.0 years; interquar- tile range [IQR], 1 to 3.9 years) was significantly short- er than median survival time for cats treated with 131I alone (4.0 years; IQR, 3.0 to 4.8 years) or methimazole followed by 131I (5.3 years; IQR, 2.2 to 6.5 years). Results suggest that age, preexisting renal disease, and treatment type were associated with survival time in cats under- going medical treatment of hyperthyroidism.

Front 731

Toxicosis associated with ingestion of quick-dissolve granulated chlorine in a dog

Back 731

Although ingestion of granulated chlorine is rare in veterinary patients, the resulting dis- ease processes are common and can be treated suc- cessfully.

Front 732

Treatment for pancreatic abscesses via omentalization with abdominal closure versus open peritoneal drainage in dogs: 15 Cases

Back 732

Omentalization is a viable treatment option for pancreatic abscess in dogs. Furthermore, shorter hospitalization and better survival outcomes may make omentalization preferred over open peritoneal drainage.

Front 733

Underlying medical conditions in cats with presumptive psychogenic alopecia

Back 733

Results suggest that psychogenic alopecia is overdiagnosed in cats. Thorough diagnostic testing should be done before ascribing a behavioral cause to hair loss in cats.

Front 734

Use of computed tomography for evaluation of lung-lesions associated with spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs: 12 cases (1999-2002)

Back 734

Results suggested that CT is better than radiography for identifying the underlying causes of spontaneous pneumothorax.

Front 735

Use of multigeneration-family molecular dog leukocyte antigen typing to select a hematopoietic cell transplant donor for a dog with T-cell lymphoma

Back 735

Systemic chemotherapy induces remissions; however, most dogs succumb to disease recurrence because of multidrug resistance. Outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in dogs can be excellent because of improved donor-recipient selec- tion by use of molecular dog leukocyte antigen typing, compared with early attempts, and better prevention of graft versus host disease, better supportive care, and substitution of peripheral blood mononuclear cells for bone marrow.

Front 736

Use of simultaneous fluoroscopic and echocardiographic guidance during transarterial coil placement for embolization of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs

Back 736

In addition to fluoroscopic control, transthoracic echocardiography appears to aid the appropriate positioning of a transarterial coil for treatment of PDA in dogs. Although transesophageal echocardiography would likely provide better images of the ductus, transtho- racic echocardiography is a much cheaper, less spe- cialized, and more widely available alternative.

Front 737

Vacuolar hepatopathy in dogs: 336 Cases (1993-2005)

Back 737

Results suggest that neoplasia and congenital or acquired hepato- biliary disease are common in dogs with VH and provide support for the suggestion that VH, high alkaline phos- phatase activity, and illness-invoked physiologic stress may be associated. Histologic confirmation of VH should initiate a diagnostic search for a primary disease if glucocorticoid treatment and hyperadrenocorticism are ruled out.

Front 738

Ventricular pneumocephalus and septic meningoencephalitis secondary to dorsal rhinotomy and nasal polypectomy in a dog

Back 738

Findings suggest that following dorsal rhinotomy and nasal polypectomy surgery, the dog developed herniation of the left olfactory bulb, intra- ventricular pneumocephalus, and septic meningo- encephalitis because of a cribriform plate defect. Care must be taken to prevent rotation of bone grafts used in cribriform defect repair.

Front 739

A case-control study of the effects of nephrolithiasis in cats with chronic kidney disease

Back 739

Results suggested that in cats with mild or moderate chronic kidney disease, nephrolithiasis was not associated with an increase in mortality rate or in the rate of disease progression. Findings support recommendations that cats with severe kidney disease and nephrolithiasis be managed without surgery.

Front 740

Acute pulmonary hemorrhage during isoflurane anesthesia in two cats exposed to toxic black mold (Stachybotrys chartarum)

Back 740

Both cats died due to pulmonary hemorrhage. Subsequently, it was discovered that the home was severely contaminated with mold as a result of storm damage that had oc- curred approximately 7 months previously. Retrospective analysis of banked serum from the cats revealed satratoxin G, a biomarker for Stachybotrys chartarum, commonly referred to as “toxic black mold.”

Front 741

Adverse events after vaccine administration in cats: 2,560 Cases (2002-2005)

Back 741

Although overall VAAE rates were low, young adult neutered cats that received multiple vaccines per office visit were at the greatest risk of a VAAE within 30 days after vaccination. Veterinarians should incorporate these findings into risk communications and limit the number of vaccinations administered concurrently to cats.

Front 742

Adverse reactions suggestive of type III hypersensitivity in six healthy dogs given human albumin

Back 742

In the dog with signs of immediate hypersensitivity, signs resolved after administration of human albumin solution was discontinued and diphenhydramine was administered. Supportive treatment was provided after dogs developed signs of a delayed ad- verse reaction. Four dogs recovered, but 2 dogs died despite treatment. All 6 dogs were found to have antihuman albumin antibodies. There was no evidence of contamination of the human albumin solution.

Front 743

Anatomic distribution and electrophysiologic properties of accessory atrioventricular pathways in dogs

Back 743

Results suggested that in dogs, most APs are right- sided, had unidirectional retrograde conduction, and are associated with various arrhyth- mias, including orthodromic atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia and atrial fibrillation without evidence of pre-excitation.

Front 744

Assessment of anemia as an independent predictor of response to chemotherapy and survival in dogs with lymphoma: 96 cases (1993-2006)

Back 744

These findings suggested that anemia is a nega- tive prognostic factor for dogs with lymphoma that are undergoing chemotherapy. Further investigation will be necessary to determine the impact of resolution of anemia on clinical outcome in dogs with lymphoma.

Front 745

Association of microalbuminuria and the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio with systemic disease in cats

Back 745

Microalbuminuria was associated with underlying dis- ease. Sensitivity and specificity of the microalbuminuria assays for detection of systemic dis- ease were superior to those of other tests. Microalbuminuria testing in conjunction with other screening procedures may increase identification of occult disease. A prospective study evalu- ating the predictive values of screening tests with and without microalbuminuria determination is needed to validate this recommendation.

Front 746

Blanket and flank sucking in Doberman Pinschers

Back 746

Blanket and flank sucking are apparently related conditions that can occur with sufficient intensity to cause medical sequelae. These non- nutritive suckling behaviors share similarities with other canine compulsive disorders and are associated with pica. Veterinarians should advise owners that flank and blanket sucking are abnormal, potentially harmful behaviors in dogs. Treatment should be considered for se- verely affected dogs or when flank or blanket sucking is associated with medical problems.

Front 747

Causes for discharge of military working dogs from service: 268 cases (2000-2004)

Back 747

Eighty-five of the 245 (34.7%) adult dogs were 1 to < 5 years old at discharge, and 160 (65.3%) were ≥ 5 years old at discharge. The proportion of adult dogs < 5 years old at discharge that were German Shepherd Dogs (69.4%) was significantly greater than the proportion of adult dogs ≥ 5 years old at discharge that were German Shep- herd Dogs (38.1%). Within the subgroup of dogs ≥ 5 years old at discharge, median age at discharge for the German Shepherd Dogs (8.59 years) was significantly less than median age at discharge for the Belgian Malinois (10.61 years). For adult dogs < 5 years old at dis- charge, the most common cause for discharge was behavioral problems (82.3%)

Front 748

Cerebral Blastomyces dermatitidis infection in a cat

Back 748

No evidence of systemic disease was noted in this cat, only brain involvement. Amphotericin B (0.25 mg/kg [0.11 mg/lb], IV) was administered on alternate days (cumulative dose, 1.75 mg/kg [0.8 mg/lb]). To minimize the risk of nephro- toxicosis, assessments of serum biochemical variables (urea nitrogen and creatinine con- centrations) and urinalyses were performed at intervals. The third dose of amphotericin B was postponed 48 hours because the cat became azotemic. The cat subsequently received fluconazole (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h) for 5.5 months. Six months after discontinua- tion of that treatment, the cat appeared healthy and had no signs of relapse.

Front 749

Chronic nasal discharge in cats: 75 Cases (1993-2004)

Back 749

Although advanced diagnostic testing, including imaging studies and biopsy, increases the likelihood of achieving an etiologic diagnosis, the cause of chronic nasal discharge in cats often remains elusive.

Front 750

Clinical and immunohistochemical differentiation of gastrointestinal stromal tumors from leiomyosarcomas in dogs: 42 Cases (1990-2003)

Back 750

In dogs, many previously diagnosed GILMSs should be reclassified as GISTs on the basis of results of immunohistochemical staining. The biological behavior of these tumors appears to be different.

Front 751

Clinical assessment of repeated propofol-associated anesthesia in cats

Back 751

Results indicated that repeated propofol-associated short-duration anesthesia does not lead to clinically relevant hematologic changes in cats undergoing short-duration radiotherapy.

Front 752

Clinical characteristics and mode of inheritance of familial focal seizures in Standard Poodles

Back 752

Results suggested that in this family of Standard Poodles, PIE was inherited as a simple recessive autosomal trait with complete or almost complete penetrance. Seizures often had focal, as opposed to generalized, onsets, and it was not uncommon for seizures to begin after 5 years of age.

Front 753

Clinical features and heritability of hypoadrenocorticism in Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers: 25 Cases (1994-2006)

Back 753

In NSDTRs, hypoadrenocorticism was diagnosed at an earlier age, compared with published reports of age at diagnosis among the general dog population. Among the study dogs, 32% had no serum electrolyte abnormalities at the time of diagnosis, and the disease appeared to have an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance in the breed.

Front 754

Clinical signs, treatments, and outcome in cats with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: 20 Cases (1990-2004)

Back 754

The median age at diagnosis of TCC was 15.2 years. The trigone region was affected in 9 cats. Treatments included piroxicam administration, chemotherapy, or surgery as single interventions or in combination; 6 cats were not treated. At the time of diagnosis, 3 cats had pulmonary metastasis and 1 cat had metastasis to local lymph nodes. Median survival time for all 20 cats was 261 days. Nearly all deaths were attributable to progressive disease in the urinary tract. Five cats were lost to follow-up.

Front 755

Cluster of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in a small animal intensive care unit

Back 755

Methicillin-resistant S aureus is an emerging problem in veterinary med- icine. Intensive care units may be at particular risk for periodic outbreaks of colonization and disease. The outbreak of this report highlights the potential for clinically inapparent transmis- sion of MRSA within a facility; infection-control measures that might facilitate MRSA eradica- tion should be considered in ICU settings.

Front 756

Community-acquired infectious pneumonia in puppies: 65 Cases (1993-2002)

Back 756

Results suggested that a type of community-ac- quired infectious pneumonia could be identified in dogs < 1 year old, with disease being more severe in dogs with Bordetella pneumonia than in dogs with pneumonia caused by other bacterial organisms.

Front 757

Comparison of classic hypoadrenocorticism with glucocorticoid-deficient hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: 46 Cases (1985-2005)

Back 757

GDH was more common than reported in a referral hospital population of dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism. Definitive diagnosis of GDH remains a clinical challenge. Absence of a stress leukogram in dogs with signs of illness (es- pecially relating to the gastrointestinal tract) warrants further investigation. Most dogs with primary cortisol deficiency do not develop mineralocorticoid deficiency.

Front 758

Comparison of serologic evaluation via agar gel immunodiffusion and fungal culture of tissue for diagnosis of nasal aspergillosis in dogs

Back 758

Results suggest that seropositivity for Aspergillus spp and identification of Aspergillus spp in cultures of nasal tissue are highly suggestive of nasal aspergillosis in dogs; however, negative test results do not rule out nasal aspergillosis.

Front 759

Comparison of three methods of temperature measurement in hypothermic, euthermic, and hyperthermic dogs

Back 759

Among the 3 methods of temperature measure- ment, rectal thermometry provided the most accurate estimation of core body temperature in dogs.

Front 760

Computed tomographic appearance of masticatory myositis in dogs: 7 cases (1999-2006)

Back 760

Results suggested that CT may be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of masticatory myositis in dogs, including selection of sites for diagnostic muscle biopsy.

Front 761

Correlation of ultrasonographic appearance of lesions and cytologic and histologic diagnoses in splenic aspirates from dogs and cats: 32 Cases (2002-2005)

Back 761

Ultrasound-guided aspiration of splenic lesions is a minimally invasive tool for obtaining specimens for cytologic evaluation. Although cytologic diagnoses often reflect histologic results, if missampling or incomplete sampling occurs or tissue architecture is required to distinguish between reactive and neoplastic conditions, accurate diagnosis with fine-needle aspiration may not be possible.

Front 762

Day-to-day variability of blood glucose concentration curves at home in cats with diabetes mellitus

Back 762

Considerable day-to-day variability was detected in BGCs generated at home. Cats with good glycemic control may have more reproducible curves generated during blood collection at home than cats with poorer control.

Front 763

Detection of Bartonella henselae DNA in two dogs with pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis

Back 763

One of the two dogs in the study recovered after doxy administration. The other had azithromycin, doxy, and a tapering dose of prednisone started at 3 mg/kg/day and tapered by 25% every 2 weeks. B henselae is implicated as a possible cause or a cofactor in the development of pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis in dogs. In dogs with pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis, immunofluorescent assays may not detect antibodies against B henselae. Molecular testing, including PCR assay of affected tissues, may provide an alternative diag- nostic method for detection of B henselae DNA in pyogranulomatous lymph nodes.

Front 764

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii-like oocysts in cat feces and estimates of the environmental oocyst burden

Back 764

Despite the low prevalence and short duration of T gondii oocyst shedding by cats detected in the present and former surveys, the sheer numbers of oocysts shed by cats during initial infection could lead to substantial environ- mental contamination. Veterinarians may wish to make cat owners aware of the potential threats to human and wildlife health posed by cats permitted to defecate outdoors.

Front 765

Diagnostic imaging findings and endocrine test results in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism that did or did not have neurologic abnormalities: 157 cases (1989-2005)

Back 765

Results suggested that there was no apparent relationship between a pituitary tumor and development of neurologic abnormalities in dogs with PDH. In addition, neurologic abnormalities in dogs with pituitary macrotumors were often vague (ie, lethargy, inappetence, and mental dullness).

Front 766

Diagnostic use of cytologic examination of bone marrow from dogs with thrombocytopenia: 58 Cases (1994-2004)

Back 766

Cytologic examination of bone marrow is unlikely to provide specific diagnostic or prognostic information in dogs with severe thrombocytopenia.

Front 767

Dietary patterns of cats with cardiac disease

Back 767

Dietary intake in cats with cardiac disease was variable, but results for dietary supplement use, food use for medication administration, and treat feeding were different from those found in a similar study of dogs with cardiac disease. This information may be useful for treating and designing nutritional studies for cats with cardiac disease.

Front 768

Effect of vaccination on parvovirus antigen testing in kittens

Back 768

Animal shelter veterinarians should select fecal tests for parvovirus detection that have high sensitivity for FPV and low frequency of vac- cine-related test interference. Positive parvovirus test results should be interpreted in light of clinical signs, vaccination history, and results of confirmatory testing. Despite the pos- sibility of test interference, the benefit provided by universal MLV FPV vaccination of cats in high-risk environments such as shelters outweighs the impact on diagnostic test accuracy.

Front 769

Effects of preadoption counseling for owners on house-training success among dogs acquired from shelters

Back 769

Results have suggested that brief preadoption counseling for owners enhances successful house-training of dogs adopted from shelters. Counseling owners at the time of pet acquisition may thus have beneficial effects in the prevention of inappropriate elimination behaviors. Veterinarians and animal care staff should be encouraged to devote time to counsel new pet owners on successful house-training, as well as other healthcare and behavioral needs.

Front 770

Efficacy of temozolomide or dacarbazine in combination with an anthracycline for rescue chemotherapy in dogs with lymphoma

Back 770

Both combinations had promise in the treatment of dogs with relapsed or refractory lymphoma, although administration of temozolomide was more convenient than administration of dacarbazine and caused fewer hematologic toxicoses.

Front 771

Epirubicin in the adjuvant treatment of splenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs: 59 Cases (1997-2004)

Back 771

18 dogs received epirubicin (30 mg/m2) every 3 weeks for up to 4 to 6 treat- ments. Forty-one dogs were treated with splenectomy alone. The overall median survival time was significantly longer in dogs treated with splenectomy and epirubicin (144 days), compared with splenectomy alone (86 days). Median survival time for dogs with stage I disease (345 days) was significantly longer than for dogs with either stage II (93 days) or III disease (68 days). Seven of 18 dogs treated with epirubicin were hospitalized for signs of adverse gastrointestinal effects. Inappetence, long duration of clinical signs, thrombocyto- penia, neutrophilia, and high mitotic rate were negative prognostic factors.

Front 772

Evaluation of buffy coat smears for circulating mast cells in healthy cats and ill cats without mast cell tumor-related disease

Back 772

Circulating mast cells were not identified in clini- cally normal cats or ill cats without mast cell tumor–related disease. Ill cats did have condi- tions that caused eosinophilia, basophilia, or neutrophilia. The absence of mast cells in buffy coats obtained from clinically normal and ill cats lends support to the current practice of buffy coat evaluation for tumor staging and follow-up examinations in cats with mast cell tu- mors. Further studies of buffy coat analysis in cats with different forms of mast cell tumors are indicated to specifically elucidate the test’s prognostic value for those patients.

Front 773

Evaluation of cisplatin administered with Piroxicam in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder

Back 773

Because of minimal efficacy and associated renal and gastrointestinal toxicosis, administration of cisplatin (40 to 50 mg/m2) with piroxicam cannot be recommended for treatment of dogs with TCC of the urinary bladder.

Front 774

Evaluation of clinical status, renal function, and hematopoietic variables after unilateral nephrectomy in canine kidney donors

Back 774

Renal and hematopoietic variables were within ref- erence ranges in dogs examined up to 2.5 years after unilateral nephrectomy. Compensa- tory renal hypertrophy was greatest in dogs < 1 year of age at donation. Donor age, along with histocompatability, may be an important factor in selecting dogs for kidney donation.

Front 775

Evaluation of electroacupuncture treatment for thoracolumbar intervertebral disk disease in dogs

Back 775

Electroacupuncture combined with standard West- ern medical treatment was effective and resulted in shorter time to recover ambulation and deep pain perception than did use of Western treatment alone in dogs with signs of thora- columbar intervertebral disk disease.

Front 776

Evaluation of four point-of-care meters for rapid determination of blood lactate concentrations in dogs

Back 776

Despite its prognostic and therapeutic relevance, blood lactate measurement in dogs has been hampered by the inability to perform the test in a timely fashion. Results of the present study indicated that several handheld point-of- care lactate meters provided results that were in agreement with a laboratory critical care blood analyzer.

Front 777

Evaluation of lidocaine treatment and risk factors for death associated with gastric dilatation and volvulus in dogs: 112 Cases (1997-2005)

Back 777

Presence of the identified risk factors should war- rant aggressive treatment. Lidocaine treatment was not associated with mortality rate or postoperative complications, but was associated with prolonged hospitalization time.

Front 778

Evaluation of primary re-excision after recent inadequate resection of soft tissue sarcomas in dogs: 41 cases (1999-2004)

Back 778

After incomplete resection of soft tissue sarcomas, resection of local tissue should be performed, even if excisable tissue margins appear nar- row. A long-term favorable prognosis is achievable without radiation therapy or amputation. The presence of residual tumor in resected scar tissue should not be used to predict local recurrence.

Front 779

Evaluation of radiotherapy alone or in combination with doxorubicin chemotherapy for the treatment of cats with incompletely excised soft tissue sarcomas: 71 Cases (1989-1999)

Back 779

Results suggested that doxorubicin chemother- apy may play a role in extending the disease-free interval in cats undergoing radiother- apy for treatment of incompletely excised soft tissue sarcomas.

Front 780

Evaluation of strontium Sr 90 for the treatment of superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum in cats: 49 Cases (1990-2006)

Back 780

Treatment of cats with SCC of the nasal planum with a single fraction of 90Sr appeared to be effective and well tolerated. Initial response to treat- ment was predictive of overall survival time.

Front 781

Evaluation of the reproducibility and accuracy of pH-determining devices used to measure urine pH in dogs

Back 781

Urine pH measurements should be made by use of a portable or benchtop pH meter when accurate measurements are crucial for diagnosis or treatment. Reagent strips and pH papers are useful in obtaining pH approximations but are not recommended when accurate measurements of urine pH are required.

Front 782

Evaluation of the use of subcutaneous implantable vascular access ports in feline blood donors

Back 782

Positive results for blood collections via VAPs were increased donor acceptance, decreased number of personnel required, and decreased col- lection time. Drawbacks included contamination of blood products and port-related compli- cations.

Front 783

Evaluation of total and ionized calcium status in dogs with blastomycosis: 38 Cases (1997-2006)

Back 783

High blood iCa concentration was uncommon in dogs with blastomycosis. Hypoalbuminemia contributed to a low serum tCa concentration despite a blood iCa concentration within reference limits. The use of serum tCa concentra- tion, AdjCa-Alb, and AdjCa-TP may fail to identify a small number of dogs with high blood iCa concentrations.

Front 784

Evaluation of trends in urolith composition in cats: 5,230 cases (1985-2004)

Back 784

The increasing proportion of calcium oxalate uroliths was in accordance with findings from other studies and could be a result of alterations in cats’ diets. However, the decreased percentage of calcium oxalate calculi and increased percentage of struvite calculi observed in the last 3 years may portend a change in the fre- quency of this type of urolith.

Front 785

Fluoroscopic and radiographic evaluation of tracheal collapse in dogs: 62 cases (2001-2006)

Back 785

Compared with fluoroscopy, radiography underestimat- ed the frequency and degree of tracheal collapse. However, radiography appears to be useful for screening dogs with potential tracheal collapse.

Front 786

Frequency of urinary tract infection in catheterized dogs and comparison of bacterial culture and susceptibility testing results for catheterized and noncatheterized dogs with urinary tract infections

Back 786

Results suggested that urinary tract catheteriza- tion is a reasonable alternative for management of dogs with urinary bladder dysfunction, but that duration of catheterization should be minimized and indiscriminate antimicrobial administration to dogs with indwelling urinary catheters should be avoided.

Front 787

Gallbladder disease in Shetland Sheepdogs: 38 Cases (1995-2005)

Back 787

Shetland Sheepdogs are predisposed to gallbladder disorders, with mucoceles and concurrent dyslipidemia or dysmotility in many affected dogs. Most dogs were without clinical signs during mucocele development. Low survival rate after cholecystectomy in clinically affected dogs suggested that preemptive surgical interventions may be a more appropriate treatment strategy.

Front 788

Hemangiosarcoma in cats: 53 cases (1992-2002)

Back 788

Subcutaneous hemangiosarcoma was more bio- logically aggressive than the cutaneous form and was more likely to recur locally and result in euthanasia or death of the cat. Metastatic potential of the cutaneous and subcutaneous forms may be greater than previously reported. Visceral hemangiosarcoma is associated with a grave prognosis.

Front 789

Hemophagocytic syndrome in dogs: 24 Cases (1996-2005)

Back 789

Results indicated that hemophagocytic syndrome may occur more frequently in dogs than has previously been suspected on the basis of the paucity of reported cases. Although most dogs had definable underlying disease conditions, idiopathic hemophagocytic syndrome was also identified. Hemophagocytic syndrome of any cause is potentially life-threatening; however, the prognosis should be adjusted on the basis of the associated disease process and potential for successful treatment.

Front 790

Immune-mediated erythroid and megakaryocytic aplasia in a cat

Back 790

Immune-mediated bone marrow aplasia is rare in cats and usually affects only erythrocyte progenitors. Concomitant involvement of erythroid and megakaryocytic cell lines can be successfully treated via immunosuppressive therapy. Human immunoglobulins seem to be well tolerated in cats; however, proof of a beneficial effect requires further study.

Front 791

Incidence of and risk factors for diabetes mellitus in cats that have undergone renal transplantation: 187 Cases (1986-2005)

Back 791

Results suggest that cats that undergo renal trans- plantation have an increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus, compared with cats with chronic renal failure, and that mortality rate is higher for cats that develop PTDM than for cats that do not.

Front 792

Indications, management, and outcome of long-term positive-pressure ventilation in dogs and cats: 148 Cases (1990-2001)

Back 792

Group 1 patients received PPV for inadequate oxygenation (67 dogs and 6 cats), group 2 for inadequate ventilation (46 dogs and 16 cats), and group 3 for inadequate oxy- genation and ventilation (11 dogs and 2 cats). Of the group 1 animals, 36% (26/73) were weaned from PPV and 22% (16/73) survived to hospital discharge. In group 2, 50% (31/62) were weaned from PPV and 39% (24/62) survived to hospital discharge. In group 3, 3 of 13 were weaned from PPV and 1 of 13 survived to hospital discharge. Likelihood of successful weaning and survival to hospital discharge were significantly higher for group 2 animals, and cats had a significantly lower likelihood of successful weaning from PPV, compared with dogs. Median duration of PPV was 48 hours (range, 24 to 356 hours) and was not as- sociated with outcome.

Front 793

Intrathecal morphine overdose in a dog

Back 793

Although intrathecal administration of an overdose of morphine can be associated with major and potentially fatal complications, it is possible that affected dogs can completely recover with immediate treatment and extensive supportive care.

Front 794

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca associated with administration of etodolac in dogs: 211 cases (1992-2002)

Back 794

Most dogs developed severe KCS (84 eyes of 50 dogs [group A]; 111 eyes of 62 dogs [group B]). Resolution of KCS occurred in 7 of 65 (A) and 23 of 146 (B) dogs. No re- sponse to treatment was observed in 26 of 65 (A) and 27 of 146 (B) dogs. Fifty-one (A) and 52 (B) dogs had records that were sufficiently complete to use in models. In group B, dogs with etodolac treatment intervals < 6 months prior to the onset of KCS were 4.2 times as likely to have remission as were dogs with treatment intervals ≥ 6 months.

Front 795

Lomustine and prednisone as a first-line treatment for dogs with multicentric lymphoma: 17 Cases (2004-2005)

Back 795

Results suggest that concurrent treatment with lomustine and prednisone was well tolerated in dogs with multicentric lymphoma, but find- ings did not support the use of this combination for first-line treatment of affected dogs.

Front 796

Measurement of serum antinuclear antibody titer in dogs with and without systemic lupus erythematosus: 120 Cases (1997-2005)

Back 796

Results suggested that measurement of ANA titer was not a useful diagnostic test in dogs without any major clinical or clinicopathologic ab- normalities suggestive of SLE. In contrast, there was a good chance that results of the ANA assay would be positive and that the dog would be found to have immune-mediated disease if at least 2 major signs were evident. Findings suggest that it would be reasonable to limit the use of the ANA assay to those dogs that have at least 1 major sign compatible with a diagnosis of SLE.

Front 797

One-year clinical and magnetic resonance imaging follow-up of Doberman Pinschers with cervical spondylomyelopathy treated medically or surgically

Back 797

Medical and surgical treatment improved or stabi- lized the clinical condition of most dogs. Surgical treatment appeared to hasten the develop- ment of additional areas of spinal cord compression and lesions in dogs with preoperative cord changes; however, the clinical importance of these changes was not determined. The progression of pathologic MRI abnormalities was notably less in medically treated dogs, compared with surgically treated dogs.

Front 798

Outcome of and complications associated with tube cystostomy in dogs and cats: 76 Cases (1995-2006)

Back 798

Results suggested that cystostomy tubes may be used for animals with various conditions related to problems with urine outflow. Nearly half the animals in the study developed complications related to the cystostomy tube, sug- gesting that potential complications should be discussed with owners prior to tube place- ment. However, most complications were easily resolved.

Front 799

Pharmacokinetics of an extended-release theophylline product in cats

Back 799

Daily administration of the brand of theophylline tablets and capsules used in this study at 15 mg/kg (6.8 mg/lb) and 19 mg/kg (8.6 mg/lb), respectively, maintained plasma concentrations within the desired therapeutic range in healthy cats.

Front 800

Prevalence of and intrinsic risk factors for appendicular osteosarcoma in dogs: 179 cases (1996-2005)

Back 800

Results of the present study suggested that Grey- hounds, Rottweilers, and Great Danes had an increased risk of developing OSA, compared with mixed-breed dogs.

Front 801

Prevalence of oxacillin- and multidrug-resistant staphylococci in clinical samples from dogs: 1,772 Samples (2001-2005)

Back 801

Oxacillin resistance increased among S intermedius isolates during the past 5 years, and the increase was associated with multidrug resistance. In 2005, 1 in 5 Staphylo- coccus spp isolates from canine clinical samples was resistant to oxacillin. The most com- mon staphylococcal species isolated were S intermedius (n = 37), Staphylococcus schleiferi (21), and Staphylococcus aureus (4), and frequencies of oxacillin resistance in isolates of these species were 15.6%, 46.6%, and 23.5%, respectively.

Front 802

Prevalence of serum antibodies against six Leptospira serovars in healthy dogs

Back 802

309 of 1,241 (24.9%) dogs had antibody titers against at least 1 of the 6 Lepto- spira serovars, which suggested exposure to Leptospira spp. Prevalence of antibodies was highest to serovar Grippotyphosa, followed by Bratislava, Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Pomona. Age, travel outside Michigan, exercise outside fenced yards, and exposure to livestock and wildlife were significant risk factors for positive titers.

Front 803

Prevalence, clinical features, and causes of epistaxis in dogs: 176 cases (1996-2001)

Back 803

Dogs with epistaxis were more likely to be old (≥ 6 years), male, and large (≥ 26 kg [58.5 lb]) than were dogs in a reference population. In 109 (62%) dogs with epistaxis, an underlying cause was identified; 115 underlying disorders were identified, with 90 classified as local and 25 classified as systemic. Local causes of epistaxis included nasal neoplasia (n = 35), trauma (33), idiopathic rhinitis (20), and periapi- cal abscess (2). Systemic causes included thrombocytopenia (12), thrombocytopathia (7), coagulopathy (3), hypertension (2), and vasculitis (1). Dogs with local causes were more likely to have unilateral than bilateral epistaxis, but 11 of 21 (52%) dogs with systemic dis- orders also had unilateral epistaxis. Dogs with systemic disorders were more likely to have clinical signs of systemic disease. Duration of epistaxis (acute vs chronic), severity, and duration of hospitalization were similar for dogs with local versus systemic disorders.

Front 804

Quantification of mitral valve regurgitation in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease by use of the proximal isovelocity surface area method

Back 804

Results suggested that RF is a repeatable and re- producible variable for noninvasive quantitative evaluation of mitral valve regurgitation in awake dogs. Regurgitation fraction also correlated well with disease severity. It appears that this Doppler echocardiographic index may be useful in longitudinal studies of MVD in dogs.

Front 805

Response of feral cats to vaccination at the time of neutering

Back 805

Results suggest that exposure to FPV, FHV, and FCV is common among feral cats and that a high proportion of cats are susceptible to RV infection. Feral cats appeared to have an excellent immune response following vaccination at the time of neutering. Incorporation of vaccination into trap-neuter-return programs is likely to protect the health of individual cats and possibly reduce the disease burden in the community.

Front 806

Results of the veterinary enalapril trial to prove reduction in onset of heart failure in dogs chronically treated with enalapril alone for compensated, naturally occurring mitral valve insufficiency

Back 806

Chronic enalapril treatment of dogs with naturally occurring, moderate to severe MR significantly delayed onset of CHF, compared with pla- cebo, on the basis of number of CHF-free days, number of dogs free of CHF at days 500 and study end, and increased time to a combined secondary endpoint of CHF–all-cause death. Improvement in the primary endpoint, CHF-free survival, was not significant. Results sug- gest that enalapril modestly delays the onset of CHF in dogs with moderate to severe MR.

Front 807

Risk factors associated with outcome in dogs with tetanus: 38 Cases (1987-2005)

Back 807

here was a significant association between younger age and development of more severe clinical signs. Furthermore, a significant inverse relationship between development of severe clinical signs and survival was identified. There was no as- sociation between earlier initiation of wound management, antimicrobial administration, or antitoxin administration and either progression of signs or 28-day survival rate. Wound type was not associated with 28-day survival rate.

Front 808

Samarium Sm 153 lexidronam for the palliative treatment of dogs with primary bone tumors: 35 cases (1999-2005)

Back 808

Results suggest that samarium Sm 153 lexidronam may be useful in the palliation of pain in dogs with primary bone tumors that are not candi- dates for curative-intent treatment.

Front 809

Serum C-reactive protein concentrations in dogs with multicentric lymphoma undergoing chemotherapy

Back 809

Results suggest that serum CRP concentration is high in dogs with multicentric lymphoma but that serum CRP concentration is not a useful marker for relapse and that chemotherapy itself does not affect serum CRP concentration.

Front 810

Serum chemistry alterations in Alaskan sled dogs during five successive days of prolonged endurance exercise

Back 810

Exercise was associated with increases in serum chloride, urea nitrogen, and cardiac troponin-I concentrations and serum alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and aspartate aminotransferase activities and with pro- gressive decreases in serum potassium, total protein, and albumin concentrations. Results suggested that multiple successive days of endurance exercise resulted in mild aberrations in serum chemistry variables in con- ditioned sled dogs. Changes likely reflected the metabolic stresses of prolonged endur- ance exercise as well as dietary composition. Hypoglobulinemia in resting, conditioned sled dogs may reflect the immunosuppressive or catabolic effects of intense endurance training.

Front 811

Serum cortisol and thyroxine concentrations as predictors of death in critically ill puppies with parvoviral diarrhea

Back 811

High serum cortisol and low serum thyroxine con- centrations at 24 and 48 hours after admission were associated with death in dogs with parvoviral diarrhea.

Front 812

Spontaneous external biliary fistula in a dog

Back 812

Surgical exploration of the tract revealed that it passed into the right hemithorax to the diaphragm; entered the right medial lobe of the liver; and terminated in a well-encapsulated, cystic liver lesion. The right medial liver lobe and all affected tissues were removed. Histologically, the liver lesion consisted of a fibrotic, dilated bile duct. The di- lated bile duct and fistula were lined with biliary epithelium. On the basis of these findings, a diagnosis of spontaneous external biliary fistula was made. Five months after surgery, the dog was clinically normal.

Front 813

Systemic infection with Geomyces organisms in a dog with lytic bone lesions

Back 813

Infection with Geomyces organisms is typically localized to the skin and nail beds. In the dog of this report, systemic dissemination of Geomyces organisms resulted in lysis of the first 2 sternebrae. Cytologic examination of fine-needle aspirates and microbial culture of samples of the affected sternebrae were important diagnostic tests for successful identification of the organism. Despite 6 months of itraconazole administration and evidence of clinical improvement, fungal organisms persisted in the dog’s affected ster- nebrae. Practitioners should include Geomyces infection among the differential diagnoses for suspected systemic mycosis and should perform cytologic examination and microbial culture of affected tissue throughout treatment of affected dogs.

Front 814

Toxic pneumonitis caused by inhalation of hydrocarbon waterproofing spray in two dogs

Back 814

The dogs of this report developed hydrocarbon pneumonitis following exposure to waterproofing sprays. Such sprays contain potentially toxic hydrocarbons. The severity of the adverse effects associated with exposure may have been amplified because the dogs were physically small and were exposed to a relatively large amount of aerosol- ized spray within small areas. Development of chemical pneumonitis in pet animals is best prevented by application of waterproofing sprays in well-ventilated or outdoor areas from which pets have been excluded. With prolonged hospitalization and considerable moni- toring and care, affected dogs can recover from these exposures.

Front 815

Treatment of thoracolumbar spinal cord compression associated with Histoplasma capsulation infection in a cat

Back 815

In cats with myelopathies that have no overt evidence of fungal dis- semination, differential diagnoses should include CNS histoplasmosis. Although prognosis associated with fungal infections of the CNS is generally guarded, treatment is warranted and may have a positive outcome.

Front 816

Use of anti-coronavirus antibody testing of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis involving the central nervous system in cats

Back 816

The correlation between serum and CSF IgG and the fact that CSF IgG was detected only in strongly seropositive cats suggested that CSF anti-coronavirus IgG was derived from blood. Measurement of anti-coronavirus IgG in CSF was of equivocal clinical use.

Front 817

Use of basal serum or plasma cortisol concentrations to rule out a diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: 123 Cases (2000-2005)

Back 817

On the basis of sensitivity and specificity, basal serum or plasma cortisol concentrations had high negative predictive values over a wide range of prevalence rates and can be used to rule out a diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism. Dogs with basal cortisol concentrations > 2 μg/dL that are not receiving corticosteroids, mitotane, or ketoconazole are highly unlikely to have hypoadrenocorticism. However, if the basal cortisol concentration is ≤ 2 μg/dL, little to no information regarding adrenal gland function can be obtained and an ACTH stimulation test should be performed.

Front 818

Use of vascular access ports in femoral veins of dogs and cats with cancer

Back 818

Results suggested that VAP implantation into the femoral vein provides an acceptable means of chronic venous access in dogs and cats un- dergoing cancer treatment.

Front 819

Use of vascular access ports with intrathoracic drains for treatment of pleural effusion in three dogs

Back 819

Findings suggest that subcutaneous vascular access ports attached to intrathoracic drain tubing may be an effective way to remove recurrent pleural effusion in dogs.

Front 820

Zinc intoxication in dogs: 19 Cases (1991-2003)

Back 820

Hemolytic anemia as a result of zinc toxicosis ap- peared to affect young small-breed dogs more frequently than older large-breed dogs. The prognosis with treatment is good, and most affected dogs had a short hospital stay.

Front 821

Accuracy of the withdrawal reflex for localization of the site of cervical disk herniation in dogs: 35 cases (2004-2007)

Back 821

Results of the present study suggested that neuro- logic examination is frequently inaccurate as a method of preoperative neuroanatomic localization of cervical disk herniation in dogs and error is most likely to occur in dogs with lesions from C2 to C4.

Front 822

Acid-base and hormonal abnormalities in dogs with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus

Back 822

Results suggested that ketosis in diabetic dogs was related to the glucagon-insulin ratio with only low concentrations of insulin required to prevent ketosis. Acidosis in ketotic dogs was attributable largely to high serum ketone concentrations.

Front 823

Acquired pulmonary artery stenosis in four dogs

Back 823

Acquired PAS in dogs may manifest as a clinically silent heart murmur, syncope, or right-sided heart failure. The diagnosis is made on the basis of imaging findings, particularly results of 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. Treatment may include surgical, interventional, or medical modalities and is targeted at resolving the inciting cause.

Front 824

Actinomycin D as rescue therapy in dogs with relapsed or resistant lymphoma: 49 cases (1999-2006)

Back 824

Results suggested that administration of actinomycin D as a single agent was effective for rescue chemotherapy of dogs with relapsed or resistant lymphoma and that treatment was well tolerated, although mild thrombocytopenia developed commonly. Concurrent prednisone administration, a shorter duration of first remission, and an increased number of previous che- motherapy agents were significantly associated with a lower likelihood of responding to actinomycin D treatment. Concurrent prednisone administration and an increased number of previous chemotherapy agents were significantly associated with a shorter disease-free interval.

Front 825

Acute intrinsic renal failure in cats: 32 cases (1997-2004)

Back 825

Causes of ARF included nephrotoxins (n = 18 cats), ischemia (4), and other causes (10). Eighteen cats were oliguric. For each unit (mEq/L) increase in initial potassium concentration, there was a 57% decrease in chance of survival. Low serum albumin or bi- carbonate concentration at initial diagnosis was a negative prognostic indicator for survival. Initial concentrations of BUN, serum creatinine, and other variables were not prognostic. Seventeen (53%) cats survived, of which 8 cats had resolution of azotemia and 9 cats were discharged from the hospital with persistent azotemia.

Front 826

Adverse effects and outcome associated with dexamethasone administration in dogs with acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation: 161 cases (2000-2006)

Back 826

Results indicated that treatment with dexametha- sone before surgery is associated with more adverse effects, compared with treatment with glucocorticoids other than dexamethasone or no treatment with glucocorticoids, in dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation. In this study population, no dif- ference in outcome was found among groups. These findings suggest that the value of dexamethasone administration before surgery in dogs with thoracolumbar disk herniation should be reconsidered.

Front 827

Analysis of auditory and neurologic effects associated with ventral bulla osteotomy for removal of inflammatory polyps or nasopharyngeal masses in cats

Back 827

Results suggested that in cats, VBO for removal of inflammatory polyps or masses is unlikely to affect hearing as measured via air-conducted BAER. Most cats developed short-term Horner syndrome. Cats with deafness prior to surgery did not regain auditory function. Ventral bulla osteotomy to remove nasopharyngeal polyps or masses provided no functional advantage with regard to restoration of hearing, compared with other surgical techniques. Polyp recurrence and long-term adverse effects were uncommon.

Front 828

Analysis of prognostic factors associated with injection-site sarcomas in cats: 57 cases (2001-2007)

Back 828

The development of distant metastasis, which may occur later during the course of the disease, was identified as a prognostic factor for over- all survival time in cats with ISSs. In addition, cats with histologic grade 3 ISSs should be considered for further interventional studies with chemotherapy to prevent the high rate of distant metastasis.

Front 829

Arthropathy caused by a lead bullet in a dog

Back 829

Removal of lead intra-articular foreign bodies may be indicated even if the material is not believed to mechanically interfere with joint motion.

Front 830

Assessment of acute injuries, exposure to environmental toxins, and five-year health surveillance of New York Police Department working dogs following the September 11, 2001, World Trade Center terrorist attack

Back 830

Results suggested that acute injuries and illnesses were common among NYPD working dogs deployed to the WTC disaster site, but that long- term health complications were minimal.

Front 831

Assessment of necropsy findings in sled dogs that died during Iditarod Trail sled dog races: 23 cases (1994-2006)

Back 831

Unexpected death is a rare event among condi- tioned sled dogs during competition in endurance races. Potentially life-threatening condi- tions of dogs that are associated with periods of long-distance physical exertion include aspiration pneumonia, gastric mucosal lesions, and severe rhabdomyolysis. Dogs that develop clinical signs suggestive of these conditions should be excluded from strenuous activities. Epidemiologic investigations are required to clarify the risk for death associated with these lesions in dogs competing in endurance races.

Front 832

Assessment of plasma cardiac troponin I concentration as a means to differentiate cardiac and noncardiac causes of dyspnea in cats

Back 832

At plasma concentrations ≥ 0.2 ng/mL, cTnI had 100% sensitivity but only 58% specificity for identi- fication of CHF as the cause of dyspnea. At plasma concentrations ≥ 1.43 ng/mL, cTnI had 100% specificity and 58% sensitivity for identification of CHF as the cause of dyspnea. On the basis of the derived diagnostic limits, CHF as the cause of dyspnea could be ruled in or ruled out without additional diagnostic testing in > 50% of the study cats. Measurement of plasma cTnI concentration may be clinically useful for differentiation of cardiac from noncardiac causes of dyspnea in cats.

Front 833

Assessment of serum antibody titers against canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type II, and canine parvovirus in Alaskan sled dogs before and after a long-distance race

Back 833

Postrace increases in serum anti-CDV and anti-CPV antibody titer might reflect exposure of dogs to these agents immediately before or during racing. Dogs had no clinical signs of CDV-, CAV-2-, or CPV-associated disease; therefore, the clini- cal importance of these titer changes is uncertain.

Front 834

Association of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings with outcome in dogs suspected to have ischemic myelopathy: 50 cases (2000-2006)

Back 834

Results suggested that severity of neurologic signs at the time of initial examination and extent of the lesions seen on magnetic resonance images were associated with outcome in dogs with ischemic myelopathy.

Front 835

Association of magnetic resonance imaging findings and histologic diagnosis in dogs with nasal disease: 78 cases (2001-2004)

Back 835

Results suggested that in dogs with nasal disease, the lack of a mass effect on MR images was significantly associated with inflammatory disease. In dogs with a mass effect on MR images, vomer bone lysis, cribriform plate ero- sion, paranasal bone destruction, sphenoid sinus invasion by a mass, and nasopharyngeal invasion by a mass were significantly associated with a diagnosis of neoplasia.

Front 836

Association of pruritus with anxiety or aggression in dogs

Back 836

An association was not detected between pruritus and aggressive, anxious, or fearful behavior in dogs.

Front 837

Associations between dietary factors and pancreatitis in dogs

Back 837

On the basis of information extracted from the medical record, ingesting un- usual food items (OR, 4.3) increased the odds of pancreatitis. On the basis of information gathered through the telephone questionnaire, ingesting unusual food items (OR, 6.1), in- gesting table scraps the week before diagnosis (OR, 2.2) or throughout life (OR, 2.2), and getting into the trash (OR, 13.2) increased the odds of pancreatitis. Multivariable modeling indicated that reporting exposure to ≥ 1 dietary factor during the telephone questionnaire (OR, 2.6), being overweight (OR, 1.3) or neutered (OR, 3.6), previous surgery other than neutering (OR, 21.1), and the interaction between neuter status and previous surgery other than neutering (OR, 0.1) were associated with the odds of pancreatitis.

Front 838

Breed distribution of the ABCB1-1Δ (multidrug sensitivity) polymorphism among dogs undergoing ABCB1 genotyping

Back 838

The ABCB1-1∆ polymorphism is associated with increased susceptibility to many adverse drug reactions and with suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and is present in many herding breeds of dog. Veterinarians should be familiar with the breeds that have the ABCB1-1∆ polymorphism to make appro- priate pharmacologic choices for these patients.

Front 839

Cardiac output and other hemodynamic variables in anesthetized dogs undergoing laparotomy because of abdominal neoplasia

Back 839

Results suggested that in dogs undergoing lapa- rotomy because of abdominal neoplasia, changes in arterial blood pressures were not nec- essarily indicative of qualitatively similar changes in cardiac index.

Front 840

Clinical and clinicopathologic features of dogs that consumed foodborne hepatotoxic aflatoxins: 72 cases

Back 840

In comparisons of clinicopathologic test results between survivor and nonsur- vivor dogs, only granular cylindruria (7/21 dogs) consistently predicted death. Best early markers of aflatoxicosis were low plasma activities of anticoagulant proteins (protein C, antithrombin) and hypocholesterolemia. Despite aggressive treatment, many but not all severely affected dogs died. Serum liver enzyme activities and bilirubin concentration were unreliable early markers of aflatoxin hepatotoxicosis in dogs. Hypocholesterol- emia and decreased plasma protein C and antithrombin activities may function as exposure biomarkers.

Front 841

Clinical outcome of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt attenuation in dogs aged five years and older: 17 cases (1992-2005)

Back 841

Attenuation of EHPSS in ≥ 5-year-old dogs amelio- rated signs of liver dysfunction in surviving dogs, although return of normal liver function occurred less frequently than expected.

Front 842

Clinical utility of serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concentration for identifying cardiac disease in dogs and assessing disease severity

Back 842

Serum NT-proBNP concentration was significantly higher in dogs with cardiac disease than in control dogs, and a serum NT-proBNP concentration > 445 pmol/L could be used to discriminate dogs with cardiac disease from control dogs with a sensitivity of 83.2% and specificity of 90.0%. In dogs with cardiac disease, serum NT-proBNP concentra- tion was correlated with heart rate, respiratory rate, echocardiographic heart size, and renal function. For dogs with cardiac disease, serum NT-proBNP concentration could be used to discriminate dogs with and without radiographic evidence of cardiomegaly and dogs with and without congestive heart failure. Results suggested that serum NT-proBNP concen- tration may be a useful adjunct clinical test for diagnosing cardiac disease in dogs and assessing the severity of disease in dogs with cardiac disease.

Front 843

Clinical, clinicopathologic, and radiographic findings in dogs with aspiration pneumonia: 88 Cases (2004-2006)

Back 843

In dogs, aspiration pneumonia was often associ- ated with abnormalities in pulmonary auscultation in the absence of objective changes in physical examination findings. However, neutrophilia, hypoalbuminemia, and hypoxemia were frequently detected, and radiographic evidence of infiltrates in the right middle lung lobe was common.

Front 844

Clinicopathologic, histologic, and toxicologic findings in 70 cats inadvertently exposed to pet food contaminated with melamine and cyanuric acid

Back 844

In cats unintentionally fed pet food contaminated with melamine and cyanuric acid, the most consistent clinical and pathologic abnormalities were associated with the urinary tract, specifically tubular necrosis and crystalluria.

Front 845

Comparison of anesthetic induction in cats by use of isoflurane in an anesthetic chamber with a conventional vapor or liquid injection technique

Back 845

Anesthetic induction in cats by use of a liquid injection technique was more rapid and provided a better quality of induction, compared with results for cats induced by use of a conventional vapor technique.

Front 846

Complications associated with the use of vascular access ports in dogs receiving external beam radiation therapy

Back 846

Placement of VAPs provided ready access in dogs receiving radiation therapy. Most complications were minor and self-limiting; however, a low risk of serious complications existed. Use of fluoroscopy to assess position of the catheter tip is recommended to decrease the risk of malposition. Immediate removal of a VAP is recommended when clinical signs of infection develop. Removal of a VAP at the completion of radiation therapy should be performed unless the benefit of continued vascular access outweighs the risks.

Front 847

Development of a clinical severity index for dogs with acute pancreatitis

Back 847

Among AP-affected dogs, the clinical severity index may be useful for treatment comparisons and prediction of intensive management require- ments. Serum C-RP concentration was best related to AP severity within a 2-day period after onset of clinical signs, but daily measurement may be more useful for monitoring progress.

Front 848

Diagnosis and treatment of blastomycosis affecting the nose and nasopharynx of a dog

Back 848

In dogs, nasal and nasopharyngeal blastomycosis can result in severe osteolysis of the nasal bone. Resolution of disease can be achieved with oral administration of itraconazole for a period of at least 5 months.

Front 849

Effect of orally administered tramadol alone or with an intravenously administered opioid on minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in cats

Back 849

Administration of tramadol, butorphanol, or hydro- morphone reduced the MAC of sevoflurane in cats, compared with that in cats treated with saline solution. The reductions detected were likely mediated by effects of the drugs on opi- oid receptors. An additional reduction in MAC was not detected when tramadol was admin- istered with butorphanol or hydromorphone.

Front 850

Effects of anesthesia and surgery on serologic responses to vaccination in kittens

Back 850

Neutering at or near the time of first vaccination with a modified-live virus vaccine did not impair antibody responses in kittens. Many kittens that were last vaccinated at 14 weeks of age had inadequate antibody titers at 17 weeks of age. Kittens may be vaccinated in the perioperative period when necessary, and the primary vaccination series should be extended through at least 16 weeks of age.

Front 851

Effects of dog-appeasing pheromones on anxiety and fear in puppies during training and on long-term socialization

Back 851

When compared with a placebo treatment, DAP was useful in reducing anxiety and fear in puppies during puppy classes and resulted in improved socialization.

Front 852

Effects of training and strenuous exercise on hematologic values and peripheral blood leukocyte subsets in racing sled dogs

Back 852

Results suggested that training and exercise in- duced changes in several hematologic values in racing sled dogs. Extracellular fluid volume expansion was the likely explanation for the training-induced decrease in PCV, and acute blood loss secondary to gastrointestinal tract bleeding was likely responsible for the de- crease in PCV associated with acute exercise.

Front 853

Efficacy and safety of cefovecin in treating bacterial folliculitis, abscesses, or infected wounds in dogs

Back 853

A single cefovecin injection (8 mg/kg) administered SC, which could be repeated once after 14 days, was safe and effective against naturally occurring skin infections in dogs and as effective as cefadroxil administered PO twice daily for 14 or 28 days.

Front 854

Efficacy of a continuous, multiagent chemotherapeutic protocol versus a short-term single-agent protocol in dogs with lymphoma

Back 854

In this population of dogs, we were not able to identify any significant difference in remission or survival times between dogs with lym- phoma treated with a continuous, multiagent chemotherapeutic protocol and dogs treat- ed with a short-term single-agent protocol involving doxorubicin.

Front 855

Esophageal foreign body obstruction caused by a dental chew treat in 31 dogs (2000-2006)

Back 855

Esophageal obstructions with a dental chew treat were difficult to remove orally via endoscopy, resulted in moderate or severe esophageal damage, frequently were associated with stricture formation, and were associated with a high mortality rate.

Front 856

Etiologic classification of seizures, signalment, clinical signs, and outcome in cats with seizure disorders: 91 Cases (2000-2004)

Back 856

Seizure etiology was symptomatic or reactive in most cats. Underlying disease was not associated with seizure type. Cats with idiopathic seizures lived longer than did cats with reactive or symptomatic seizures but were also younger.

Front 857

Etiology and clinical outcome in dogs with aspiration pneumonia: 88 Cases (2004-2006)

Back 857

Concurrent Esophageal disease (n = 35), vomiting (34), neurologic disorders (24), laryngeal disease (16), and postanesthetic aspiration (12) were identified most commonly. Among these study dogs, aspiration pneumonia was associated with a high survival rate. The presence of more than 1 underlying disease associated with aspiration pneumonia did not adversely impact survival rate. Interestingly, radiographic severity of disease and duration of hospitalization were not associated with overall survival rate.

Front 858

Evaluation of a point-of-care hematology analyzer for use in dogs and cats receiving chemotherapeutic treatment

Back 858

The point-of-care analyzer was reliable for monitor- ing CBCs of dogs and cats receiving chemotherapy. It had good to excellent correlation for WBC and neutrophil counts and Hct and accurately detected leukopenia, neutropenia, and anemia. Sensitivity of the analyzer for detecting thrombocytopenia was lower but accept- able.

Front 859

Evaluation of associations between lifetime exposure to drinking water disinfection by-products and bladder cancer in dogs

Back 859

Although humans and their dogs live in the same household, the activity patterns of dogs may lead to lower exposures to household tap wa- ter. Thus, although exposure to disinfection by-products in tap water may be a risk factor for human bladder cancer, this may not be true for canine bladder cancer at the concentrations at which dogs are exposed.

Front 860

Evaluation of circulating amino terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concentration in dogs with respiratory distress attributable to congestive heart failure or primary pulmonary disease

Back 860

Serum or plasma NT-proBNP concentration assessment may be useful for discrimination of congestive heart failure from primary pulmonary disease in dogs with respiratory distress or cough.

Front 861

Evaluation of freshwater submersion in small animals: 28 cases (1996-2006)

Back 861

Results suggest that submersion is an uncommon reason for veterinary evaluation but is associated with a good prognosis in dogs in the ab- sence of respiratory tract failure.

Front 862

Evaluation of inciting causes, alternative targets, and risk factors associated with redirected aggression in cats

Back 862

Fear was likely the most common motivation for redirected aggression in the cats of this report. To reduce the risk of redirected aggression, veterinarians should encourage owners to socialize kittens and habituate them to novel objects and sounds.

Front 863

Evaluation of neoadjuvant prednisone administration and surgical excision in treatment of cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs

Back 863

Treatment with neoadjuvant prednisone appears to be useful for inducing reduction of MCTs and may facilitate resection when adequate surgi- cal margins cannot be confidently attained because of mass location or size or both. No significant differences were noted between groups receiving 1 mg/kg or 2.2 mg/kg prednisone.

Front 864

Evaluation of outcome associated with subcutaneous and intramuscular hemangiosarcoma treated with adjuvant doxorubicin in dogs: 21 cases (2001-2006)

Back 864

Dogs with subcutaneous hemangiosarcoma had a more favorable outcome, compared with dogs with intramuscular hemangiosarcoma, when treated with adequate local control and adjuvant doxorubicin.

Front 865

Evaluation of prognostic factors in the surgical treatment of adrenal gland tumors in dogs: 41 cases (1999-2005)

Back 865

A high mortality rate was associated with adre- nalectomy in dogs; however, those that survived until discharge from a hospital had long survival times. Preoperative factors associated with a shorter survival time were weakness or lethargy, thrombocytopenia, increased BUN concentration, increased PTT, increased AST activity, and hypokalemia. Studies are needed to evaluate how treatment for these factors may affect or change outcome after adrenalectomy. Dogs with adrenal masses that require concurrent nephrectomy and cause intraoperative hemorrhage have a guarded prognosis.

Front 866

Evaluation of risk factors associated with suture-nidus cystoliths in dogs and cats: 176 cases (1999-2006)

Back 866

Suture remnants in the bladder have an important role in recurrent cystolithiasis in dogs. Identification of risk factors is important for avoiding recurrence of iatrogenic cystoliths.

Front 867

Evaluation of surgically placed gastrojejunostomy feeding tubes in critically ill dogs

Back 867

Gastrojejunostomy tube placement affords flexibility in the postoperative nutritional regimen by allowing for postgastric feeding with simulta- neous access to the stomach.

Front 868

Evaluation of twice-daily, low-dose trilostane treatment administered orally in dogs with naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism

Back 868

In dogs with NOH, administration of trilostane at low doses every 12 hours was effective, although 2 dogs became ill during treatment. Drug effects diminished within 8 to 9 hours. Because of potential adverse effects, lower doses should be evaluated.

Front 869

Evaluation of use of human albumin in critically ill dogs: 73 Cases (2003-2006)

Back 869

Administration of human albumin significantly increased serum albumin, and total protein concentrations and colloid osmotic pressure, especially in survivors. Because of the high mortality rate of the study population and other confounding factors, it was uncertain whether complications were associated with the underlying disease or with human albumin administration. Acute and delayed complications may have been under-recognized.

Front 870

Failure to identify an association between serologic or molecular evidence of Bartonella infection and idiopathic rhinitis in dogs

Back 870

The present study failed to confirm an association between idiopathic rhinitis and exposure to or infection with Bartonella spp in dogs. Findings do not rule out the possibility that Bartonella infection may cause nasal discharge in some dogs, but the failure to find any evidence of exposure to or infection with Bartonella spp in dogs with idiopathic nasal discharge suggested that Bartonella infection was not a common cause of the disease.

Front 871

Goitrous hypothyroidism associated with treatment with trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole in a young dog

Back 871

This is the first report of antimicrobial- induced goiter in a dog. Cytologic examination of fine-needle aspirates and interpretation of data from serum biochemical and thyroid function analyses were needed to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Practitioners should include goiter among the differential diagnoses for ventral neck swellings in young dogs receiving potentiated sulfonamide antimicrobials.

Front 872

Histologic examination of hepatic biopsy samples as a prognostic indicator in dogs undergoing surgical correction of congenital portosystemic shunts: 64 cases (1997-2005)

Back 872

Findings suggested that results of histologic examination of hepatic biopsy samples obtained at the time of surgery cannot be used to predict long-term outcome in dogs undergoing surgical correction of a PSS.

Front 873

Late cardiac perforation by a passive-fixation permanent pacemaker lead in a dog

Back 873

In dogs with permanent pacemakers and loss of ventricular capture, differential diagnoses should include cardiac perforation. If evidence of perforation of the pacemaker lead is found, replacement of the endocardial pacemaker lead with an epicardial pacemaker lead is warranted.

Front 874

Levetiracetam as an adjunct to phenobarbital treatment in cats with suspected idiopathic epilepsy

Back 874

Results suggested that levetiracetam is well tolerated in cats and may be useful as an adjunct to phenobarbital treatment in cats with idio- pathic epilepsy

Front 875

Lomustine for treatment of mast cell tumors in cats: 38 cases (1999-2005)

Back 875

Results suggested that lomustine had activity against MCTs in cats and was well tolerated. Further, findings suggested that treatment with lomustine should be considered for cats with MCTs for which local treatment is not an option.

Front 876

Microbial culture of blood samples and serologic testing for bartonellosis in cats with chronic rhinosinusitis

Back 876

A role for Bartonella spp in the pathogenesis of CRS in cats was not supported by results of this study.

Front 877

Multiple myeloma with central nervous system involvement in a cat

Back 877

To our knowledge, this is the first report of myeloma in a cat that had electrophoretically detectable light chain proteinuria but lacked a detectable serum monoclonal gammopathy.

Front 878

Nonsurgical resolution of gallbladder mucocele in two dogs

Back 878

Review of the clinical course of 2 dogs in which there was nonsurgical resolution of gallbladder mucocele revealed that surgery is not necessary in all dogs with gallbladder mucocele. Hypothyroidism may have resulted in delayed gallbladder emptying, and its role in the pathogenesis of gallbladder mucocele merits investigation. Despite this information, until further prospective trials with a control group and standardized treatments and follow-up monitoring can be performed, the authors recommend surgical intervention for treatment of dogs with gallbladder mucocele.

Front 879

Outcome of cats with low-grade lymphocytic lymphoma: 41 cases (1995-2005)

Back 879

Most cats with lymphocytic lymphoma responded to treatment with prednisone and chlorambucil, and most factors evaluated were not as- sociated with outcome.

Front 880

Outcome of medical and surgical treatment in dogs with cervical spondylomyelopathy: 104 Cases (1988-2004)

Back 880

In the present study, neither outcome nor survival time was significantly different between dogs with CSM treated medically and dogs treated surgically, suggesting that medical treatment is a viable and valuable option for manage- ment of dogs with CSM.

Front 881

Percutaneous endovascular retrieval of an intravascular foreign body in five dogs, a goat, and a horse

Back 881

Intravascular foreign bodies that result from catheters or devices used during minimally invasive techniques are rare but may cause substantial morbidity. Percutaneous endovascular retrieval of intravascular foreign bodies was easily and safely performed in the 7 animals reported here. Use of percutaneous endovascular retrieval tech- niques should be considered for treatment of animals with intravascular foreign bodies because morbidity can be substantially decreased; however, proper selection of patients for the procedure is necessary.

Front 882

Persistent vaginal hemorrhage caused by vaginal vascular ectasia in a dog

Back 882

Vascular ectasia may be a cause of chronic vaginal hemorrhage and life-threatening anemia in dogs. In the dog of this report, the diagnosis was made on the basis of direct observation during exploratory episiotomy and histopathologic findings. To manage the condition, total vaginectomy was performed; however, despite radical surgery, bleeding recurred.

Front 883

Pituitary-adrenal function in dogs with acute critical illness

Back 883

Biochemical abnormalities of the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis indicative of adrenal gland or pituitary gland insufficiency were common in critically ill dogs, whereas exaggerated responses to ACTH administration were uncommon. Acutely ill dogs with ∆-cortisol ≤ 83 nmol/L may be more likely to require vasopressors as part of the treatment plan.

Front 884

Prevalence of hemangiosarcoma in anemic dogs with a splenic mass and hemoperitoneum requiring a transfusion: 71 cases (2003-2005)

Back 884

In this clinical population of dogs, prevalence of hem- angiosarcoma was higher than in other studies. Dogs with hemangiosarcoma in this study had significantly lower TS concentrations and platelet counts at the time of admission, compared with values for dogs with other splenic masses. No other markers were useful in differentiating dogs with hemangiosarcoma. It is important to discuss the prevalence of and poor prognosis associated with hemangiosarcoma with owners when they are contemplating whether to pro- ceed with treatment.

Front 885

Prevalences of various hemoplasma species among cats in the United States with possible hemoplasmosis

Back 885

Overall prevalences of Mhm, Mhf, and Mtc infection were 23.2% (72/310), 4.8% (15/310), and 6.5% (20/310), respectively. Mixed infections were detected in 20 (6.5%) cats. Cats infected with hemoplasmas were more likely to be male than were uninfected cats. Infection with FeLV or FIV was significantly associated with infection with Mhf. Compared with uninfected cats, cats infected with Mhf had higher reticulocyte counts, nucleated RBC counts, and mean corpuscular volume; cats infected with Mhm had higher mean corpuscu- lar volume; and cats infected with Mtc had higher monocyte counts.

Front 886

Proliferative sparganosis in a dog

Back 886

Findings indicated that clinical signs associated with proliferative sparganosis in dogs may be rapidly progressive and that the condition may be refractory to antiparasitic treatment. Veterinarians should be aware of this zoonotic, water-borne agent.

Front 887

Pyogranulomatous cystitis associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in a cat after renal transplantation

Back 887

Toxoplasmosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis for azotemia in feline renal transplant recipients regardless of the results of assays for T gondii antibodies in the serum of donors or recipients. This report illustrated the need for improved screening of donor and recipient cats and the importance of minimizing exposure to poten- tial sources of T gondii after transplantation.

Front 888

Radiographic findings in dogs with pulmonary blastomycosis: 125 cases (1989-2006)

Back 888

Results suggested that a nonuniform distribution of pulmonary infiltrates was equally as likely as a diffuse nodular interstitial pattern in dogs with pulmonary blastomycosis. On the basis of half-time for resolution of pulmonary infil- trates, follow-up radiography should be performed no more often than every 4 to 6 weeks in clinically stable patients. Transient radiographic worsening that occurred during the initial weeks of treatment was not associated with a poorer prognosis.

Front 889

Relationship between Doppler blood pressure and survival or response to treatment in critically ill cats: 83 cases (2003-2004)

Back 889

Hypotensive cats had increased mortality rate with lower rectal temperatures and lower PCV, compared with normotensive critically ill cats. The implications of these findings with regard to treatment remain to be elucidated, but address- ing these abnormalities may be appropriate.

Front 890

Results of excision of thymoma in cats and dogs: 20 cases (1984-2005)

Back 890

Results of this study indicated that most cats and dogs with thymomas did well after excision. Even cats and dogs with invasive masses that survived the surgery and the few cats and dogs with recurrent thymomas or paraneoplastic syndromes had a good long-term outcome. Excision should be considered an effective treat- ment option for dogs and cats with thymomas. Percentage lymphocyte composition of the mass was the only factor that was significantly correlated with survival time; animals with a high percentage of lymphocytes lived longer.

Front 891

Results of the confidential enquiry into perioperative small animal fatalities regarding risk factors for anesthetic-related death in dogs

Back 891

An increase in physical status grade, urgency of the procedure, age, or intended duration of the procedure; a decrease in body weight; anesthesia for a major versus a minor procedure; and use of injectable agents for anesthetic induction and halothane for maintenance or use of inhalant anesthetics alone (compared with use of injectable agents for induction and isoflurane for maintenance) were associated with increased odds of an- esthetic-related death.

Front 892

Retinopathy associated with ivermectin toxicosis in two dogs

Back 892

To our knowledge, this is the first report of resolution of retinal edema and electroretinographic changes associated with ivermectin toxicosis in dogs. In dogs that develop blindness suddenly, fundic examination, electroretinography, and assessment of serum ivermectin concentration are diagnostically useful, even if exposure to ivermectin is unknown.

Front 893

Retrospective evaluation of the effects of diazepam in dogs with anxiety-related behavior problems

Back 893

Adverse effects of diazepam in dogs were commonly reported and often led to drug discontinuation. Owner education and follow-up is recommended to avoid treatment failure when prescribing diazepam for anxiety-related behavior problems in dogs.

Front 894

Self-expanding nitinol stents for the treatment of tracheal collapse in dogs: 12 cases (2001-2004)

Back 894

Placement of an intraluminal stent with self-ex- panding nitinol stents was a successful palliative treatment for tracheal collapse in dogs that did not respond to medical management. Disease progression is inevitable, but sub- stantial improvement in respiratory function may be achieved for a period of months to years.

Front 895

Seroprevalences of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus in cats with abscesses or bite wounds and rate of veterinarian compliance with current guidelines for retrovirus testing

Back 895

A high proportion of cats with abscesses or bite wounds were seropositive for FeLV antigen or FIV antibody. Compliance with recommendations to test cats for retrovirus infection status at acquisition or after treatment for injury was low. The FeLV- FIV infection status of cats with potential fight wounds should be determined at time of treat- ment and again 60 days later.

Front 896

Serum antibodies against human albumin in critically ill and healthy dogs

Back 896

Results suggested that dogs developed a pro- nounced IgG response following exposure to HA and that some dogs with no history of HA administration were positive for anti-HA IgG.

Front 897

Serum liver enzyme activities in healthy Miniature Schnauzers with and without hypertriglyceridemia

Back 897

Median serum ALP activity was significantly higher in group 3 than in group 1 or 2 dogs, but was not significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 dogs. Median serum ALT activity was significantly higher in group 3 than in group 1 dogs, but was not significantly dif- ferent between any of the other groups. Compared with group 1 dogs, group 2 and 3 dogs were significantly more likely to have high serum ALP activity (odds ratio, 26.2 and 192.6, respectively). Group 3 dogs also were significantly more likely to have high serum ALT activ- ity (odds ratio, 8.0), serum AST activity (odds ratio, 3.7), and serum GGT activity (odds ratio, 11.3), compared with group 1 dogs. Group 3 dogs were significantly more likely (odds ratio, 31.0) to have ≥ 2 high serum liver enzyme activities than were group 1 dogs.

Front 898

Serum triglyceride concentration in dogs with epilepsy treated with phenobarbital or with phenobarbital and bromide

Back 898

Results suggested that dogs treated long term with phenobarbital or with phenobarbital and bromide may develop hypertriglyceridemia. Fasting serum triglyceride concentration should be periodically monitored in dogs treated with phenobarbital because hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for pancreatitis.

Front 899

Severe reaction to intravenous administration of an ionic iodinated contrast agent in two anesthetized dogs

Back 899

Findings highlighted the potential risk for severe reactions associated with IV administration of ionic iodinated contrast agents in dogs. Both hypertensive and hypotensive responses were seen. Supportive care for systemic manifestations was effective in these 2 dogs, and extended hospitalization was not necessary.

Front 900

Suspected albuterol toxicosis in a dog

Back 900

Ingestion of albuterol can lead to profound physical and serum biochemical abnormalities (Hypokalemia most notably). Appropriate historical information should be obtained to identify possible sources and routes of exposure to intoxicants. Albuterol-induced hypokalemia can be successfully managed medically.

Front 901

Thrombi in the trachea of a dog secondary to placement of a tracheotomy tube

Back 901

Airway obstruction resulting from an intraluminal thrombus in the trachea should be considered as a secondary complication after tracheotomy tube placement.

Front 902

Tumors affecting the spinal cord of cats: 85 cases (1980-2005)

Back 902

Lymphosarcoma was the most common tumor and affected the spinal cord in 33 (38.8%) cats, followed by osteosarcoma in 14 (16.5%) cats. Cats with lymphosarcoma were typically younger at initial examination, had a shorter duration of clinical signs, and had lesions in more regions of the CNS than did cats with other types of tumors. In 22 of 26 (84.6%) cats with lymphosarcoma, the tumor was also found in extraneural sites. Data for spinal cord tumors in this population of cats were analyzed by logistic regression analysis, which effectively distinguished cats with lymphosarcoma from cats with other types of tumors.

Front 903

Use of a balloon-expandable metallic stent for treatment of nasopharyngeal stenosis in dogs and cats: Six cases (2005-2007)

Back 903

Transnasal balloon-expandable metallic stent placement may represent a rapid, safe, noninvasive, and effective treatment in animals with nasopharyngeal stenosis. If the stenosis is extremely caudal in the nasopharynx, serial balloon dilatation might be considered prior to stent placement. A covered stent should be considered initially if the stenosis is completely closed.

Front 904

Use of a nitinol gooseneck snare catheter for removal of adult Dirofilaria immitis in two cats

Back 904

Findings suggested that use of a nitinol gooseneck snare catheter may be a safe and effective technique for removing adult D immitis from the right atrium and ventricle in cats and that successful removal of adult heartworms in infected cats may resolve clinical signs of right-sided congestive heart failure and chylothorax. In addition, findings in 1 cat suggested that removal of all adult heartworms may not be necessary for clinical signs to resolve.

Front 905

Use of alternating administration of carboplatin and doxorubicin in dogs with microscopic metastases after amputation for appendicular osteosarcoma: 50 cases (1999-2006)

Back 905

Alternating administration of carboplatin and doxo- rubicin resulted in DFI and survival time similar to those reported for single-agent protocols. Clients should be counseled regarding the likelihood of toxicoses. Relevance of sequence and timing of starting chemotherapy should be further evaluated.

Front 906

Use of cystoscopic-guided laser ablation for treatment of intramural ureteral ectopia in male dogs: Four cases (2006-2007)

Back 906

Ureteral ectopia can cause urinary incontinence in male dogs and is usually associated with other urinary tract abnormalities. Cystoscopic- guided laser ablation provided an effective and minimally invasive alternative to surgical management of intramural ureteral ectopia.

Front 907

Use of ketoconazole to treat dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism: 48 cases (1994-2007)

Back 907

Ketoconazole was a safe and effective option for treating dogs with PDH. Additional research is needed to evaluate the effects of long-term treatment with ketoconazole on adrenal glands.

Front 908

Use of laser lithotripsy for fragmentation of uroliths in dogs: 73 Cases (2005-2006)

Back 908

Transurethral cystoscope–guided laser lithotripsy was successful in female dogs and most male dogs for fragmentation of cystic and urethral uroliths. Short-term complications were most commonly related to urethral swelling and resolved with placement of an indwelling urinary catheter. There were no long-term compli- cations.

Front 909

Use of propofol for anesthesia in cats with primary hepatic lipidosis: 44 cases (1995-2004)

Back 909

The use of propofol did not increase morbidity or fatalities in cats with primary hepatic lipidosis. Thus, propofol can be used in these cats for placement of a feeding tube.

Front 910

Use of trazodone as an adjunctive agent in the treatment of canine anxiety disorders: 56 cases (1995-2007)

Back 910

Although further controlled studies of dose range, efficacy, and safety are needed, trazodone may provide an additional therapeutic option for use in dogs that are unresponsive to conventional treatment.

Front 911

Utility of diagnostic tests for and medical treatment of pulmonary blastomycosis in dogs: 125 cases (1989-2006)

Back 911

Results suggested that the agar gel immunodiffusion test should not be used as the sole diagnostic test for pulmonary blastomycosis in dogs, that concurrent bacterial pneumonia was uncommon in dogs with pulmonary blas- tomycosis, and that the rate with which pulmonary infiltrates resolved did not vary signifi- cantly among antifungal treatments.

Front 912

Method of Action of Levetriacetam

Back 912

Technically the MOA is unknown. Levetiracetam binds to synaptic vesicle protein SV2A which is thought to impede nerve conduction across synapses.

Front 913

A randomized controlled clinical trial of the use of benazepril and heparin for the treatment of chronic kidney disease in dogs

Back 913

Results suggested that administration of benazepril had beneficial effects in dogs with chronic kidney disease but that short-term administration of heparin in conjunction with benazepril did not appear to provide any additional benefit.

Front 914

Agreement between values for arterial and end-tidal partial pressures of carbon dioxide in spontaneously breathing, critically ill dogs

Back 914

Results suggested that nasal capnography is a clinically relevant method of estimating Paco2 in spontaneously breathing, critically ill dogs, but that values should be interpreted with caution in dogs receiving supplemental oxygen and in dogs with conditions affecting the respiratory system.

Front 915

An investigation of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus colonization in people and pets in the same household with an infected person or infected pet

Back 915

The high prevalence of concurrent MRSA colonization as well as identification of indistinguishable strains in humans and pet dogs and cats in the same household suggested that interspecies transmission of MRSA is possible. Longitudinal studies are required to identify factors associated with interspecies transmission.

Front 916

Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in dogs: 34 cases (2000-2007)

Back 916

Results suggested that granulocytic anaplasmosis should be suspected in dogs in endemic areas examined because of fever, lethargy, or thrombocytopenia, especially in dogs examined during the late spring or early fall. Treat- ment with doxycycline was successful in resolving clinical signs and thrombocytopenia.

Front 917

Assessment of serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concentration for differentiation of congestive heart failure from primary respiratory tract disease as the cause of respiratory signs in dogs

Back 917

Measuring serum NT-proBNP concentration in dogs with respiratory signs helps to differentiate between congestive heart failure and primary respiratory tract disease as an underlying cause.

Front 918

Association of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings with outcome in dogs with presumptive acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusion: 42 cases (2000-2007)

Back 918

Clinical and MRI findings can help predict outcome in dogs with acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusions.

Front 919

Association of mesenteric portovenographic findings with outcome in cats receiving surgical treatment for single congenital portosystemic shunts

Back 919

Intraoperative Mesenteric Portovenography may be used to help predict complications and outcome following surgical treatment of CPSS in cats.

Front 920

Association of periodontal disease, oral procedures, and other clinical findings with bacterial endocarditis in dogs

Back 920

Results did not provide any evidence of an association between bacterial endocarditis in dogs and either dental or oral surgical procedures or oral infection. Findings suggested that the routine use of prophylactic antimicrobial administration in dogs undergoing oral procedures needs to be reevaluated.

Front 921

Bronchial abnormalities found in a consecutive series of 40 brachycephalic dogs

Back 921

A fixed bronchial collapse was recognized in 35 of 40 dogs with a total of 94 bronchial steno- ses. Abnormalities were irregularly distributed between hemithoraces; 15 of 94 bronchial abnormalities were detected in the right bronchial system, and 79 of 94 were detected in the left. The left cranial bronchus was the most commonly affected structure, and Pugs were the most severely affected breed. Laryngeal collapse was significantly correlated with severe bronchial collapse; no significant correlation was found between severity of bron- chial abnormalities and postsurgical outcome.

Front 922

Clinical signs, risk factors, and outcomes associated with bromide toxicosis (bromism) in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy.

Back 922

Bromism is a clinically heterogeneous, dose- dependent neurotoxicosis that is largely reversible with treatment. Regular serial monitoring of serum bromide concentrations is recommended to optimize anticonvulsant treatment in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy.

Front 923

Clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical characterization of wart-like lesions on the paw pads of dogs: 24 cases (2000-2007)

Back 923

Results suggested that wart-like lesions involving the paw pads of Greyhounds were a distinct clinical entity with features resembling poro- keratosis plantaris discreta in humans. In Greyhounds, these lesions were not associated with an underlying viral etiology and, therefore, should not be considered plantar warts. Alternative treatments should be investigated because current treatments were generally unsuccessful in Greyhounds. Wart-like lesions of the paw pads in other breeds were often associated with papillomavirus, and surgical excision appeared curative.

Front 924

Clinical, ultrasonographic, and laboratory findings associated with gallbladder disease and rupture in dogs: 45 cases (1997-2007)

Back 924

Ultrasonographic findings of pericholecystic reac- tion, localized or generalized echogenic peritoneal fluid, or decreased radiographic perito- neal detail should raise the index of suspicion for gallbladder rupture. Mucocele or bacterial gallbladder infection was the most common concurrent finding in dogs with gallbladder rupture.

Front 925

Clinicopathologic and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics associated with polioencephalomyelopathy in a Shih Tzu

Back 925

The form of polioencephalomyelopathy in the Shih Tzu of this report was similar to that described for Australian Cattle dogs; the similarity of findings in dogs with those in humans with Leigh disease is suggestive of a mitochondrial defect.

Front 926

Comparison of a human portable blood glucose meter, veterinary portable blood glucose meter, and automated chemistry analyzer for measurement of blood glucose concentrations in dogs

Back 926

Neither PBGM had exact agreement with the automat- ed analyzer; however, the disagreement detected did not have serious clinical consequences. Our findings stressed the importance of using the same device for monitoring trends in dogs and using instrument-specific reference ranges.

Front 927

Comparison of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid examination and other diagnostic techniques with the Baermann technique for detection of naturally occurring Aelurostrongylus absttusus infection in cats

Back 927

the Baermann technique was the most sensitive test for detection of A abstrusus infection. On the basis of the prevalence of 13.8% in this study, A abstrusus infection should be considered in pet cats.

Front 928

Comparison of laser lithotripsy and cystotomy for the management of dogs with urolithiasis

Back 928

Laser lithotripsy is a minimally invasive procedure that has been shown to be safe and effective in the removal of urocystoliths and urethroliths in dogs. No significant differences were found in the required resources or complications associated with laser lithotripsy, compared with cystotomy, for removal of uroliths from the lower portions of the urinary tract of dogs. Laser lithotripsy is a suitable, minimally invasive alternative to surgical removal of urethroliths and urocystoliths in dogs.

Front 929

Comparison of the guaranteed analysis with the measured nutrient composition of commercial pet foods

Back 929

Addition of 1.5% and 1% to the guaranteed mini- mums for CP and CF, respectively; subtraction of 0.7%, 4%, and 0.5% from the guaranteed maximums for CFb, moisture, and ash, respectively; and addition of 0.23 kcal/g to the as- fed metabolizable energy value calculated by use of modified Atwater factors from guaran- teed analyses provides a more accurate estimate of the nutrient and metabolizable energy content of commercial pet foods. Nevertheless, the actual composition of a food should be determined whenever possible.

Front 930

Composition, disintegrative properties, and labeling compliance of commercially available taurine and carnitine dietary products

Back 930

Taurine and carnitine products evaluated in this study closely adhered to manufacturer claims and labeling guidelines. However, disintegration testing suggested high variability in some products, possibly limiting uptake and use by animals that receive them.

Front 931

Computed tomography and low-field magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary gland in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism: 11 cases (2001-2003)

Back 931

Low-field MRI and dynamic CT imaging of the pituitary gland provided comparable information on the presence of pituitary adenomas in dogs with PDH.

Front 932

Computed tomography-assisted management of a mandibular dentigerous cyst in a dog with a nasal carcinoma

Back 932

Images obtained during sequential CT evaluations performed after radiation treatment of nasal carcinoma should be examined for evidence of the primary neoplasm as well as to detect unrelated lesions of the orofacial region that can compromise the quality of life. Findings of CT evaluations can be used to determine when and how to initiate treatment for dentigerous cysts in regard to the patient’s response to radiation treatment.

Front 933

Contrast harmonic ultrasonography of splenic masses and associated liver nodules in dogs

Back 933

Contrast harmonic ultrasonography was a noninva- sive and accurate means of differentiating metastatic versus benign hepatic disease in dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma but was not useful in distinguishing splenic hemangiosar- coma from hematoma.

Front 934

Detection of a large unnamed Babesia piroplasm originally identified in dogs in North Carolina in a dog with no history of travel to that state

Back 934

Because of the morphologic similarity of the large piroplasm detected in dogs in North Carolina to B canis, molecular testing of large piroplasms detected in dogs is needed to definitively identify the infective Babesia sp. In the dog of this report, the infection was not eliminated following treatment with imidocarb diproprionate, which may have been a result of the immunocompromised state of the dog or the drug’s ineffectiveness against this parasite. If imidocarb diproprionate is ineffective against the North Carolina Babesia sp, treated dogs may act as reservoirs of infection.

Front 935

Detection of babesia gibsoni and the canine small babesia 'Spanish isolate' in blood samples obtained from dogs confiscated from dogfighting operations

Back 935

Results indicated that B gibsoni is a common parasite of dogs confiscated from dogfighting operations and suggested that dogs with a history of fighting should be evaluated for infection with B gibsoni.

Front 936

Diffuse osteopenia and myelopathy in a puppy fed a diet composed of an organic premix and raw ground beef

Back 936

In the dog of this report, vitamin D–dependent rickets type I and suspected nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism developed following intake of a nutritionally incomplete and unbalanced diet. The raw meat–based, home-prepared diet fed to the dog was not feed- trial tested for any life stage by the Association of American Feed Control Officials, and its gross nutrient imbalance induced severe metabolic, orthopedic, and neurologic abnormalities. Inadvertent malnutrition can be avoided through proper diet assessment and by matching nutrient profiles with patients’ nutritional needs.

Front 937

Diversion of the urine stream by surgical modification of the preputial ostium in a dog

Back 937

The preputial orifice (ostium) plays an important role in the shape and direction of the urine stream exiting the penile urethra. Dogs with an elevated abdominal wall and prominent dome-shaped thorax may be prone to contamination of the lower portion of the thorax and forelimbs with urine during normal micturition. Partial closure of the dorsal preputial ostium, with reciprocal enlargement of the lower half of the orifice, can create a deflective barrier that effectively diverts the urine stream in a ventral direction.

Front 938

Dyspnea caused by epiglottic retroversion in two dogs

Back 938

Excessive mobility of the epiglottis can predispose to glottic obstruction and cause dyspnea in dogs. Fixation of the epiglottis in a horizontal plane may resolve dyspnea caused by epiglottic retroversion in dogs.

Front 939

Echocardiographic and clinicopathologic characterization of pericardial effusion in dogs: 107 cases (1985-2006)

Back 939

Echocardiography had high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis and differentiation of RA or HB masses in dogs with pericardial effusion. There was a high rate of metastasis for cardiac masses of all causes.

Front 940

Echocardiographic evaluation of dogs with dysautonomia

Back 940

Results suggested that echocardiographic evidence of diminished systolic function was common in dogs with dysautonomia. Whether the diminished function was a result of sympathetic denervation or myocardial hibernation was unclear, although myocardial hibernation was more likely.

Front 941

Effectiveness and safety of cefovecin sodium, an extended-spectrum injectable cephalosporin, in the treatment of cats with abscesses and infected wounds

Back 941

One SC injection of 8 mg of cefovecin/kg for the treatment of cats with naturally occurring skin infections (wounds and abscesses) was safe and as effective as cefadroxil administered orally at 22 mg/kg, once daily for 14 days.

Front 942

Effects of adjunct electroacupuncture on severity of postoperative pain in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy because of acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disk disease

Back 942

Results provided equivocal evidence that adjunct EAP might provide some mild benefit in regard to severity of postoperative pain in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy because of acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disk disease.

Front 943

Efficacy and safety of laser lithotripsy in fragmentation of urocystoliths and urethroliths for removal in dogs

Back 943

Results suggested that use of laser lithotripsy was a safe and effective alternative to surgical removal of urocystoliths and urethroliths in dogs.

Front 944

Electrophysiologic evidence of polyneuropathy in a cat with signs of bilateral brachial plexus neuropathy

Back 944

Findings suggested that brachial plexus neuropathy can be a multifocal disease in cats, even if clinically apparent neurologic deficits are initially subtle or absent, and that electrodiagnostic techniques can be used to identify subclinical involvement of the peripheral nerves.

Front 945

Eosinophilic esophagitis in a dog

Back 945

To our knowledge, the information reported here is the first descrip- tion of eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) in a dog. Many similarities exist between the condition in the dog reported here and EE in humans. This clinical report highlights the need to con- sider EE as a differential diagnosis for esophagitis and esophageal strictures in dogs. When appropriate, esophageal biopsy or cytologic specimens should be obtained and examined to investigate the possibility of EE.

Front 946

Erythrocyte glutathione and plasma cysteine concentrations in young versus old dogs

Back 946

Results suggested that otherwise healthy older pet dogs fed a variety of commercial diets do not have deficiencies in glutathione or cysteine, compared with younger dogs. Findings do not support the routine empirical use of antioxidant supplements, such as precursors of glutathione, to treat presumed circulating antioxidant deficiencies in older healthy dogs.

Front 947

Evaluation of hormone receptor expression for use in predicting survival of female dogs with malignant mammary gland tumors

Back 947

These findings strongly suggested that expression of PR could be used as a prognostic factor for survival, especially in female dogs with malignant mammary gland tumors with ERa expression.

Front 948

Evaluation of serum cardiac troponin I concentration in dogs with renal failure

Back 948

Although dogs with renal failure did not have overt clinical signs of cardiac disease, they had high serum cTnI concentrations, which may have been associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease.

Front 949

Evaluation of six portable blood glucose meters for measuring blood glucose concentration in dogs

Back 949

Results of the present study suggested that there were substantial differences in the accuracy of currently available PBGMs when used to determine blood glucose concentration in dogs.

Front 950

Evaluation of the risk of endocarditis and other cardiovascular events on the basis of the severity of periodontal disease in dogs

Back 950

The findings of this observational study, similar to epidemiologic studies in humans, suggested that periodontal disease was associated with cardiovascular-related conditions, such as endocarditis and cardiomyopathy. Chronic inflammation is probably an important mechanism connecting bacterial flora in the oral cavity of dogs with systemic disease. Canine health may be improved if veterinarians and pet owners place a higher priority on routine dental care.

Front 951

Excessive production of sex hormones in a cat with an adrenocortical tumor

Back 951

Adrenal gland tumors can produce a variety of hormones other than cortisol. An adrenal gland tumor should be considered in neutered cats with newly developed physical and behavioral changes of a sexual nature. In the absence of debilitating conditions that are often associated with hyperadrenocorticism, cats undergoing adrenalectomy for an adrenal gland tumor that is producing sex hormones may have resolution of clinical signs and a good prognosis.

Front 952

Gastric histopathologic abnormalities in dogs: 67 cases (2002-2007)

Back 952

Results of this study suggested that intestinal pathologic changes are commonly concurrent in dogs with gastric pathologic changes. This supports the practice of collecting both gastric and duodenal biopsy specimens every time gastroduodenoscopy is performed. Lymphoplasmacytic gastritis was the most commonly recorded gastric histopathologic finding and was often of minimal or mild severity.

Front 953

Incidence of acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile, and other health-care-associated pathogens by dogs that participate in animal-assisted interventions.

Back 953

Results suggested that dogs that visited human health-care facilities were at risk of acquiring MRSA and C difficile, particularly when they licked patients or accepted treats during visits.

Front 954

Incidence of and risk factors for postoperative pneumonia in dogs anesthetized for diagnosis or treatment of intervertebral disk disease

Back 954

Significant risk factors for postoperative pneumonia includ- ed preanesthetic tetraparesis, cervical lesions, undergoing magnetic resonance imaging, undergoing > 1 anesthetic procedure, longer duration of anesthesia, and postanesthetic vomiting or regurgitation.

Front 955

Infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius masquerading as cefoxitin susceptible in a dog

Back 955

Findings suggested that certain strains of methicillin-resistant S pseud- intermedius, which appears to be an emerging pathogen in dogs, may be falsely identified as methicillin susceptible on the basis of results of testing for cefoxitin susceptibility because cefoxitin may not induce the mecA gene as reliably in S pseudintermedius as it does in Staphylococcus aureus. Isolates of S pseudintermedius should be considered to likely be methicillin resistant when multidrug resistance is identified, even if susceptibility to some β-lactam antimicrobials is reported.

Front 956

Intranasal infusion of clotrimazole for the treatment of nasal aspergillosis in two cats

Back 956

Little information is available on the treatment of nasal aspergillosis in cats, and the prognosis for affected animals is considered poor. The procedure for local intranasal infusion of clotrimazole in 2 cats was described here. Results and follow-up moni- toring for both cats suggested that this may be a safe, effective, and durable treatment for cats with nasal aspergillosis.

Front 957

Invasive cutaneous angiomatosis and thrombocytopenia in a cat

Back 957

Complete resection of the metacarpal pad (without pad transposition) resulted in successful and well-tolerated treatment of cutaneous angiomatosis of the metacarpal pad of a cat. Recurrence of abnormal vasculature was not evident at a 12- month follow-up examination. Thrombocytopenia is commonly associated with vascular anomalies in humans and may have been a contributing factor in this cat.

Front 958

Long-term prospective evaluation of topically applied 0.1% tacrolimus ointment for treatment of perianal sinuses in dogs

Back 958

A 16-week treatment protocol consisting of topically applied 0.1% tacrolimus ointment, orally administered prednisone (tapering dose), and a novel-protein diet was effective and economical for resolving perianal sinuses. Dogs maintained on intermittent medications were unlikely to redevelop lesions. When the anal sacs were involved, anal sacculectomy appeared to improve the outcome.

Front 959

Massive transfusion and surgical management of iatrogenic aortic laceration associated with cystocentesis in a dog

Back 959

In the dog of this report, aortic laceration secondary to cystocentesis was successfully treated with a combination of surgery and massive transfusion; the development of reperfusion injury was an interesting and reversible complication of surgery. The possibility of damage to intra-abdominal structures should be investigated if a dog becomes acutely ill after cystocentesis.

Front 960

Outcome of permanent tracheostomy for treatment of upper airway obstruction in cats: 21 cases (1990-2007)

Back 960

Results indicated that permanent tracheostomy was an uncommon procedure in cats with upper airway obstruction that was associated with high complication and mortality rates.

Front 961

Polymyositis and neuritis in a cat

Back 961

The severity and rapid progression of clinical signs, combined with the EMG abnormalities and histologic findings, could have led to inappropriate euthanasia for this cat. Veterinarians should be aware that immune-mediated polymyositis and neuritis in cats can have an excellent prognosis with appropriate, long-term treatment.

Front 962

Pregabalin as an adjunct to phenobarbital, potassium bromide, or a combination of phenobarbital and potassium bromide for treatment of dogs with suspected idiopathic epilepsy

Back 962

Pregabalin may hold promise as a safe and effec- tive adjunct anticonvulsant drug for epileptic dogs poorly controlled with the standard drugs phenobarbital or potassium bromide. Adverse effects of pregabalin appeared to be mild. Additional studies with larger numbers of dogs and longer follow-up intervals are warranted.

Front 963

Prevalence and prognostic impact of hypocobalaminemia in dogs with lymphoma

Back 963

Hypocobalaminemia was relatively uncommon in this population of dogs with multicentric lymphoma, but was associated with a poor outcome. Serum cobalamin concentrations may provide prognostic information in dogs with multicentric lymphoma.

Front 964

Prevalence of and risk factors for serum antibodies against Leptospira serovars in US veterinarians

Back 964

Veterinarians are at risk for leptospirosis and should take measures to decrease potential exposure to infectious agents in general. Diagnostic tests for leptospirosis should be considered when veterinarians have febrile illnesses of unknown origin.

Front 965

Prevalence of cardiomyopathy in apparently healthy cats.

Back 965

Cardiomyopathy was common in the healthy cats evaluated in this study. In apparently healthy cats, detection of a heart murmur is not a reliable indicator of cardiomyopathy.

Front 966

Prevalence of clinical abnormalities in cats found to have nonneoplastic middle ear disease at necropsy: 59 cases (1991-2007)

Back 966

Results suggested that most cats with nonneo- plastic middle ear disease did not have associated clinical signs. Findings may be of clinical relevance for cats in which middle ear disease is identified as an incidental finding during computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging for unrelated diseases.

Front 967

Prevalence of intestinal nematode parasitism among pet dogs in the United States (2003-2006)

Back 967

Age, body weight, sex, breed, and geographic region are risk factors for intestinal nematode parasitism among pet dogs in the United States.

Front 968

Primary bacterial peritonitis in dogs and cats: 24 cases (1990-2006)

Back 968

Differences in primary and secondary peritonitis related to historical, physical examination, and clinical laboratory findings; bacteriologic findings; peritoneal effusion characteristics; and outcome were detected. However, larger case numbers are needed before alternative recommendations, such as avoidance of surgery, can be made.

Front 969

Prognostic factors for dogs with mammary inflammatory carcinoma: 43 cases (2003-2008)

Back 969

Results suggested that mammary IC is a biologically aggressive condition in dogs associated with a guarded prognosis. In addition, results suggested that medical treatment may improve outcome, thereby supporting its use in dogs with IC.

Front 970

Prognostic indicators for dogs and cats with cardiopulmonary arrest treated by cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation at a university teaching hospital

Back 970

The prognosis was grave for animals with CPA, except for those that had CPA while anesthetized.

Front 971

Rabies in vaccinated dogs and cats in the United States, 1997-2001

Back 971

Results suggested that rabies is uncommon in vaccinated dogs and cats but can occur. Veterinarians should include rabies in the differential diagnosis for any dog or cat with clinical signs compatible with rabies regardless of vaccination history. Continued surveillance is imperative to document vaccination failure and identify trends related to vaccination failure.

Front 972

Radiographic abnormalities in cats with feline bronchial disease and intra- and interobserver variability in radiographic interpretation: 40 cases (1999-2006)

Back 972

Findings suggested that several radiographic abnormalities can commonly be seen in cats with Feline Bronchial Disease (FBD) but highlighted the limitations of thoracic radiography. Examiner diagnosis and level of confidence were significantly associated with severity of a bronchial pattern.

Front 973

Radiographic features of cardiogenic pulmonary edema in dogs with mitral regurgitation: 61 Cases (1998-2007)

Back 973

In dogs with cardiogenic PE, a symmetric radiographic distribution of increased pulmonary opacity was predominantly associated with a central MRJ, whereas an asymmetric radiographic distribution was usually associated with eccentric MRJ, especially in dogs with MVD.

Front 974

Randomized, controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of fluoxetine for treatment of compulsive disorders in dogs

Back 974

Results suggested that fluoxetine may be efficacious in the treatment of compulsive disorders in dogs, although results were equivocal. The present study did not examine whether fluoxetine was more efficacious than or synergistic with behavioral and environment modifications.

Front 975

Rate and frequency of recurrence of uroliths after an initial ammonium urate, calcium oxalate, or struvite urolith in cats

Back 975

Of 221 cats with ammonium urate uroliths in 1998, 29 (13.1%) had a first and 9 (4.1%) had a second recurrence. Mean interval until recurrence was 22 and 43 months for the first and second recurrence, respectively. Of 2,393 cats with calcium oxalate uroliths in 1998, 169 (7.1%) had a first, 15 (0.6%) had a second, and 2 (0.1%) had a third recurrence. Mean interval until recurrence was 25, 38, and 48 months for the first, second, and third recurrence, respectively. Of 1,821 cats with struvite uroliths in 1998, 49 (2.7%) had a first and 3 (0.2%) had a second recurrence. Mean interval until recurrence was 29 months for first and 40 months for second recurrences.

Front 976

Risk factors and outcome of bougienage for treatment of benign esophageal strictures in dogs and cats: 28 cases (1995-2004)

Back 976

Results suggested that esophageal bougienage was a safe and effective treatment for most dogs and cats with BES, with outcomes similar to those reported for balloon dilation.

Front 977

Signalment, history, and outcome of cats with gastrointestinal tract intussusception: 20 cases (1986-2000)

Back 977

Results suggested that in cats, intussusception has a bimodal age distribution, is most commonly jejuno-jejunal, often requires surgical resection and anastomosis, is often associated with alimentary lymphoma or inflammatory bowel disease in older cats, and is readily diagnosed by means of ultrasonography.

Front 978

Successful management of a dog that had severe rhabdomyolysis with myocardial and respiratory failure

Back 978

Necrotizing myopathy resulting in rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria can lead to life-threatening physical and biochemical abnormalities. Making a correct diagnosis is essential, and patients require intensive supportive care. The prognosis can be excellent for recovery, provided there is no secondary organ dysfunction.

Front 979

Successful treatment of pacemaker-induced stricture and thrombosis of the cranial vena cava in two dogs by use of anticoagulants and balloon venoplasty

Back 979

Thrombosis and stricture of the CVC are possible complications of a permanent pacemaker in dogs. Findings suggested that balloon venoplasty and anticoagulation administration with or without thrombolytic treatment can be effective in the treatment of dogs with pacemaker-induced CVC syndrome.

Front 980

Systemic hypertension in a dog with a functional thyroid gland adenocarcinoma

Back 980

This report describes concurrent hypertension in a dog with a functional thyroid gland adenocarcinoma with subsequent return of blood pressure values to within reference ranges after thyroidectomy.

Front 981

Thoracic omentalization for long-term management of neoplastic pleural effusion in a cat

Back 981

Findings suggested that thoracic omentalization may be considered for palliative treatment of cats with refractory neoplastic pleural effusion when frequent thoracocentesis is necessary and other treatments are not suitable.

Front 982

Traumatic pneumocephalus in a dog

Back 982

Findings suggested that pneumocephalus should be considered in the differential diagnosis for dogs with neurologic signs of an intracranial abnormality, particularly if the dog has a history of craniofacial trauma.

Front 983

Underlying diseases and clinicopathologic variables of thrombocytopenic dogs with and without platelet-bound antibodies detected by use of a flow cytometric assay: 83 cases (2004-2006)

Back 983

Platelet counts, results of bone marrow analysis, and MPV may be helpful in dogs for the differentiation between primary IMT and thrombocytopenia resulting from other diseases. An MPV within or less than the reference range did not rule out an increase in megakaryopoietic activity.

Front 984

Use of a balloon-expandable metallic stent to relieve malignant urethral obstruction in a cat

Back 984

Findings suggested that stent placement may be a viable palliative treat- ment in cats with malignant urinary obstruction.

Front 985

Use of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for treatment of episodes of hypertonia and kyphosis in a young adult scottish terrier

Back 985

Administration of benzodiazepines, vitamin E, or phenothiazines has been recommended for treatment of episodes of hypertonicity, but often does not result in control of clinical signs. It has been suggested that the pathogenesis of this disease is related to deficiencies in concentration or function of serotonin in the CNS; thus, a logical choice for treatment is administration of a serotonin reuptake inhibitor. In the dog of this report, fluoxetine resulted in good control of clinical signs. The use of an effective medica- tion (other than a controlled substance) that is administered once or twice daily, has mini- mal adverse effects on the patient’s mental status, and is inexpensive may lead to better owner compliance and an improved quality of life for affected dogs.

Front 986

Use of color flow Doppler ultrasonography to diagnose a bleeding neuroendocrine tumor in the gallbladder of a dog

Back 986

Tumors of the biliary tree are a potential source of blood loss into the gastrointestinal tract. Color flow Doppler ultrasonography in conjunction with conventional grayscale ultrasonography may be useful in evaluation of the gallbladder in dogs. When echogenic material is detected in the gallbladder, it is important to evaluate the region for blood flow.

Front 987

Use of endovascular stents in three dogs with Budd-Chiari syndrome

Back 987

Endovascular stents may be an appropriate palliative treatment for dogs with clinical signs attributable to Budd-Chiari Syndrome.

Front 988

Virologic survey of dogs with naturally acquired idiopathic conjunctivitis

Back 988

Results suggested that CHV-1 and CAV-2 are common etiologic agents of conjunctivitis in domestic dogs. Risk factors for viral conjunctivitis in dogs reflected increased exposure to other dogs and opportunities for contact with infectious secretions.

Front 989

A comparison of acepromazine-buprenorphine and medetomidine-buprenorphine for preanesthetic medication of dogs

Back 989

Results suggested that either acepromazine or medetomidine could be used in combination with buprenorphine for premedication of dogs anesthetized with propofol and isoflurane for routine surgical and diagnostic procedures. Arte- rial blood pressure was better maintained with the medetomidine-buprenorphine combina- tions, but tissue perfusion was not investigated.

Front 990

A multicenter study of the effect of dietary supplementation with fish oil omega-3 fatty acids on carprofen dosage in dogs with osteoarthritis

Back 990

Results suggested that in dogs with chronic osteoarthritis receiving carprofen because of signs of pain, feeding a diet supplemented with fish oil omega-3 fatty acids may allow for a reduction in carprofen dosage.

Front 991

A protocol for managing urethral obstruction in male cats without urethral catheterization

Back 991

Results suggested that in male cats, a combination of pharmacological treatment, decompressive cystocentesis, and a low-stress environment may allow for resolution of UO without the need for urethral catheterization. This low-cost protocol could serve as an alternative to euthanasia when financial constraints prevent more extensive treatment.

Front 992

Agreement between directly measured blood pressure and pressures obtained with three veterinary-specific oscillometric units in cats

Back 992

Results suggested that none of the 3 veterinary- specific oscillometric blood pressure units could be recommended for indirect measurement of blood pressure in cats.

Front 993

Ambulatory electrocardiographic evaluation of clinically normal adult Boxers

Back 993

Clinically normal adult Boxers generally had < 91 VPCs/24 h and an arrhythmia grade < 2. Boxers with > 91 VPCs/24 h were uncommon and may have represented dogs with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy or other disease processes that could have resulted in the development of ventricular arrhythmias.

Front 994

Assessment of criteria used by veterinary practitioners to diagnose hypothyroidism in sighthounds and investigation of serum thyroid hormone concentrations in healthy Salukis

Back 994

Diagnosis of hypothyroidism by practitioners was most often made without adequate supportive laboratory evidence.Thyroid hormone values in healthy Salukis differed markedly from standard reference limits for some, but not all, thyroid hormone indices. Breed-specific reference limits should be used when interpreting thyroid hormone profiles of sighthounds.

Front 995

Assessment of oxygen transport and utilization in dogs with naturally occurring sepsis

Back 995

Compared with values in healthy dogs, only Do2I was significantly lower in dogs with sepsis. Values of CI and Do2 in dogs with sepsis than in dogs with nSIRS, suggesting differing degrees of myocardial dysfunction between these groups.

Front 996

Association between naturally occurring chronic kidney disease and feline immunodeficiency virus infection status in cats

Back 996

Among cats < 11 years of age, those with CKD were significantly more likely to have positive test results for serum antibodies against FIV gp40 than were cats without CKD. It cannot be definitively established from results of this study whether infection with FIV preceded the development of CKD, and the role, if any, of FIV in the establishment or progression of CKD remains to be determined.

Front 997

Association between outcome and changes in plasma lactate concentration during presurgical treatment in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus: 64 cases (2002-2008)

Back 997

By use of optimal cutoff values within HIL dogs, survival rates for dogs with final lactate concentration > 6.4 mmol/L (23%), absolute change in lactate concentration ≤ 4 mmol/L (10%), or percentage change in lactate concentration ≤ 42.5% (15%) were significantly lower than survival rates for dogs with a final lactate con- centration ≤ 6.4 mmol/L (91%), absolute change in lactate concentration > 4 mmol/L (86%), or percentage change in lactate concentration > 42.5% (100%).

Front 998

Association between outcome and organ system dysfunction in dogs with sepsis: 114 cases (2003-2007)

Back 998

Results indicated that MODS, defined as dysfunc- tion of at least 2 organ systems, can be identified in dogs with sepsis and that organ system dysfunction increased the odds of death.

Front 999

Association of intestinal disorders in cats with findings of abdominal radiography

Back 999

Normalizing ratios of maximum-SID:VEL2 and maxi- mum-CD:VEL2 obtained from measurements on lateral radiographic views of the abdomen in cats were related to diagnosis category.

Front 1000

Barium toxicosis in a dog

Back 1000

To our knowledge, this case represented the first description of barium toxicosis in the veterinary literature. Barium toxicosis can cause life-threatening hypoka- lemia; however, prompt supportive treatment can yield excellent outcomes. Barium toxico- sis is a rare but important differential diagnosis in animals with hypokalemia and appropriate clinical signs.

Front 1001

Biological behavior of oral and perioral mast cell tumors in dogs: 44 cases (1996-2006)

Back 1001

Results suggested that in dogs with MCTs arising from the oral mucosa, oral mucocutaneous junction, or perioral region of the muzzle, the presence of regional lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis was a negative prognos- tic factor. However, prolonged survival times could be achieved with treatment. In addition, CCR7 expression in the primary tumor was not significantly associated with the presence of regional lymph node metastasis or survival time.

Front 1002

Case-control study to evaluate risk factors for the development of sepsis (neutropenia and fever) in dogs receiving chemotherapy

Back 1002

Dogs that weighed less were at increased risk for chemotherapy-induced sepsis. Tumor type and chemotherapeutic drug used were also im- portant risk factors. These results may lead to the implementation of prophylactic mea- sures, especially when doxorubicin or vincristine is used in the induction phase in small dogs with lymphoma.

Front 1003

Clinical relevance of serial determinations of lactate dehydrogenase activity used to predict recurrence in dogs with lymphoma

Back 1003

Determination of LDH activity may help with identifying episodes of recurrence in dogs with lymphoma. Anticipation of recurrence is an appropriate reason to begin rescue treatment.

Front 1004

Clinical signs and neuropathologic abnormalities in working Australian Kelpies with globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease)

Back 1004

The demyelination, inflammatory responses, and axo- nal spheroids evident in the AWKs were consistent with the clinical signs of peripheral nerve, spinal cord, and cerebellar dysfunction. Because GLD is an autosomal recessive inherited dis- ease, with considerable overlap in galactosylceramidase activity existing among heterozygotes and noncarriers, development of a molecular test is important for preventing the perpetuation of this disease in the Australian Kelpie breed.

Front 1005

Comparison of biochemical variables in plasma samples obtained from healthy dogs and cats by use of standard and microsample blood collection tubes

Back 1005

Samples obtained from healthy dogs and cats by use of microsample blood collection tubes that contained lithium heparin provided clinically equivalent biochemical results, compared with results for samples obtained by use of stan- dard blood collection tubes, and minimized the total sample volume collected for diagnostic testing.

Front 1006

Comparison of complete blood counts in samples obtained from healthy dogs and cats by use of standard and microsample blood collection tubes

Back 1006

Samples obtained from healthy dogs and cats by use of microsample blood collection tubes provided clinically equivalent CBC results, compared with results for samples obtained by use of standard blood collection tubes, and minimized the total sample volume collected for diagnostic testing.

Front 1007

Comparison of plasma cardiac troponin I concentrations among dogs with cardiac hemangiosarcoma, noncardiac hemangiosarcoma, other neoplasms, and pericardial effusion of nonhemangiosarcoma origin

Back 1007

The median plasma cTnI concentration was higher in dogs with cardiac hemangiosarcoma, compared with the median concentration in dogs with hemangiosarcoma at other sites, dogs with other neoplasms, and dogs with pericardial effusion not caused by hemangiosarcoma. The plasma cTnI concentration may be used to identify cardiac involvement in dogs with hemangiosarcoma and to identify cardiac hemangiosarcoma in dogs with pericardial effusion.

Front 1008

Comparison of survival after surgical or medical treatment in dogs with a congenital portosystemic shunt

Back 1008

Both medical and surgical treatment can be used to achieve long-term survival of dogs with CPSS, although results of statistical analysis supported the widely held belief that surgery is preferable to medical treatment. However, the study population consisted of dogs at referral clinics, which suggested that efficacy of medical treatment may have been underestimated. Although surgical intervention was associated with a better chance of long-term survival, medical management provided an acceptable first-line option. Age at examination did not affect survival, which implied that early surgical intervention was not essential. Dogs with CPSS that do not achieve acceptable resolution with medical treatment can subsequently be treated surgically.

Front 1009

Comparison of urine dipstick, sulfosalicylic acid, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio, and species-specific ELISA methods for detection of albumin in urine samples of cats and dogs

Back 1009

Caution should be used when interpreting a posi- tive test result of a dipstick or SSA test for canine or feline albuminuria.

Front 1010

Comparison of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio in urine samples collected by cystocentesis versus free catch in dogs

Back 1010

The UPC ratio in dogs was minimally affected in urine samples collected by free catch, thus allowing correct grading of proteinuria with this method. The high reliability of the UPC ratio in free-catch urine samples coupled with the ease of collection should increase the use of this value for assessment of proteinuria.

Front 1011

Complications associated with use of subcutaneous vascular access ports in cats and dogs undergoing fractionated radiotherapy: 172 cases (1996-2007)

Back 1011

Factors associated with the development of complications included sex, propofol administration, and vein in which an SVAP catheter was inserted. The use of an SVAP may be a useful alternative to repeated catheterizations in cats and dogs.

Front 1012

Computed tomographic features of oral squamous cell carcinoma in cats: 18 cases (2002-2008)

Back 1012

Common CT features of oral SCC in cats included sublingual and maxillary locations, marked heterogeneous contrast enhancement, and os- teolysis. Computed tomography may be used to determine mass extension and lymph node enlargement, but results did not correlate with survival time.

Front 1013

Cystoscopic diagnosis and treatment of ectopic ureters in female dogs: 16 cases (2005-2008)

Back 1013

Results suggested that cystoscopic-guided tran- section may be an acceptable alternative to traditional surgical correction of ectopic ureter in dogs. Most complications associated with the cystoscopic procedure were minor and easily managed.

Front 1014

Detection of antibodies against Leptospira serovars via microscopic agglutination tests in dogs in the United States, 2000-2007

Back 1014

Results suggested that cystoscopic-guided tran- section may be an acceptable alternative to traditional surgical correction of ectopic ureter in dogs. Most complications associated with the cystoscopic procedure were minor and easily managed.

Front 1015

Developmental uterine anomalies in cats and dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy

Back 1015

Urogenital anomalies were twice as common in cats as in dogs. Identification of uterine developmental anomalies in dogs and cats should trigger evaluation of both kidneys and both ovaries because ipsilateral renal agenesis is common, but both ovaries are likely to be present and should be removed during ovariohys- terectomy.

Front 1016

Effect of a synthetic appeasing pheromone on behavioral, neuroendocrine, immune, and acute-phase perioperative stress responses in dogs

Back 1016

sDAP appeared to affect behavioral and neuroendocrine perioperative stress responses by modification of lactotropic axis activity. Use of sDAP in a clinical setting may improve the recovery and welfare of dogs undergoing surgery.

Front 1017

Effects of acepromazine, hydromorphone, or an acepromazine-hydromorphone combination on the degree of sedation in clinically normal dogs

Back 1017

Administration of acepromazine or acepromazine- hydromorphone caused sedation in clinically normal dogs, whereas administration of hydro- morphone alone did not. The NRS was a less-reliable measure of sedation.

Front 1018

Effects of general anesthesia on plasma colloid oncotic pressure in dogs

Back 1018

Results suggested that COP in healthy dogs may decrease by 5 mm Hg on average after general anesthesia and that this decrease may not be reliably predicted by the volume of fluids administered IV during anesthesia or by the concurrent measured decrease in TS concentration.

Front 1019

Effects of glucosamine-chondroitin sulfate supplementation on serum fructosamine concentration in healthy dogs

Back 1019

Results suggest that in healthy dogs, short-term (ie, 21 days) oral Glu-CS administration does not affect glycemic control or cause diabetes mellitus.

Front 1020

Efficacy of leflunomide for treatment of immune-mediated polyarthritis in dogs: 14 cases (2006-2008)

Back 1020

Oral administration of leflunomide was a safe and effective alternative to oral administration of corticosteroids for treatment of IMPA in dogs. On the basis of findings in this study, a starting dosage for leflunomide of 3 to 4 mg/kg (1.4 to 1.8 mg/lb) PO once daily for at least 6 weeks before making dose adjustments is recommended. Dose adjustments should be based on cytologic evaluation of synovial fluid and clinical signs of IMPA. Hematologic variables, serum biochemical analysis results, and clinical signs of IMPA should be monitored for evidence of adverse effects to treatment with leflunomide.

Front 1021

Electrical cardioversion of sustained ventricular tachycardia in three Boxers

Back 1021

Results and follow-up monitoring suggested electrical cardioversion of sustained ventricular tachycardia may be a safe and effective treatment in Boxers that are unresponsive to medical treatment.

Front 1022

Evaluation of a postexposure rabies prophylaxis protocol for domestic animals in Texas: 2000-2009

Back 1022

The Texas Post-exposure Prophylaxis protocol was used during the 10- year period. Results indicated that an effective PEP protocol for unvaccinated domestic animals exposed to rabies was immediate vaccination against rabies, a strict isolation period of 90 days, and administration of booster vaccinations during the third and eighth weeks of the isolation period.

Front 1023

Evaluation of calorie density and feeding directions for commercially available diets designed for weight loss in dogs and cats

Back 1023

Wide variation existed in recommended calorie intake, kilocalories, and cost for diets marketed for weight loss in pets. This variability could contribute to challenges of achieving successful weight loss in pets.

Front 1024

Evaluation of open versus closed urine collection systems and development of nosocomial bacteriuria in dogs

Back 1024

Results suggested that for dogs requiring short- term indwelling urinary catheterization, the type of urine collection system (open vs closed) was not associated with likelihood of developing nosocomial bacteriuria. Use of a strict protocol for urinary catheter placement and maintenance was likely key in the low incidence of nosocomial bacteriuria in the present study.

Front 1025

Evaluation of outcomes in dogs treated for pyothorax: 46 cases (1983-2001)

Back 1025

In the dogs with pyothorax in this study, favorable treatment effects were achieved with surgery (for short-term survival) and pleural lavage and heparin treatment (for short- and long-term survival). Findings failed to support the hy- pothesis that invasive (surgical) versus noninvasive treatment of pyothorax in dogs leads to a better long-term outcome.

Front 1026

Evaluation of short- and long-term complications after endoscopically assisted gastropexy in dogs

Back 1026

Endoscopically assisted gastropexy can be a sim- ple, fast, safe, and reliable method for performing prophylactic gastropexy in dogs. At 1 and 6 months after gastropexy, adequate placement and adhesion of the gastropexy site to the body wall was confirmed. Such a procedure could maximize the benefits of minimally invasive surgery, such as decreases in morbidity rate and anesthetic time. This technique appeared to be suitable as an alternative to laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy.

Front 1027

Evaluation of the association between plasma concentration of N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide and outcome in cats with cardiomyopathy

Back 1027

Plasma NT-proANP concentration may have potential as a testing marker for distinguishing healthy cats from cats with CM. It may also be useful for distinguishing CM cats with CHF from those without CHF. The value of NT- proANP concentration as a predictor of survival duration was not supported in this study and requires further evaluation.

Front 1028

Evaluation of the diagnostic value of an implantable loop recorder in dogs with unexplained syncope

Back 1028

Data gained after manual activation of an ILR provided valuable diagnostic and prognostic information in almost all dogs with unexplained syncopal episodes by confirming or disproving an association between syncope and arrhythmias. However, detection of disturbances in cardiac rhythm after automatic activation did not appear to improve the diagnostic value for an ILR implanted in dogs.

Front 1029

Evaluation of the effects of dietary supplementation with fish oil omega-3 fatty acids on weight bearing in dogs with osteoarthritis

Back 1029

At least in the short term, dietary supplementation with fish oil omega-3 fatty acids resulted in an improvement in weight bearing in dogs with osteoarthritis.

Front 1030

Evaluation of the use of baseline cortisol concentration as a monitoring tool for dogs receiving trilostane as a treatment for hyperadrenocorticism

Back 1030

Evaluation of a baseline cortisol concentration collected 4 to 6 hours after trilostane administration in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism provided clinically useful information about control of adrenal gland function. Many dogs receiving trilostane may be adequately monitored without the expense and inconvenience of an ACTH stimulation test.

Front 1031

Evaluation of topical application of 10% imidacloprid-1% moxidectin to prevent Bartonella henselae transmission from cat fleas

Back 1031

In this setting, monthly topical administration of 10% imidacloprid–1% moxidectin reduced flea infestation, compared with infestation in untreated cats, and thus prevented flea transmission of B henselae to treated cats. Regular monthly use of this flea control product in cats may lessen the likelihood of humans acquir- ing B henselae infection.

Front 1032

Evaluation of treatment with a combination of azathioprine and prednisone in dogs with meningoencephalomyelitis of undetermined etiology: 40 cases (2000-2007)

Back 1032

Azathioprine appeared to be a safe and potentially effective adjunct to prednisone for treatment of dogs with MUE. Prospective, double-blinded, controlled studies with histologic confirmation are warranted to substantiate these findings.

Front 1033

Evaluation of trends in urolith composition and characteristics of dogs with urolithiasis: 25,499 cases (1985-2006)

Back 1033

An increase in the proportion of CaOx uroliths sub- mitted over time was detected. Reasons for long-term changes in this trend were likely multifactorial and could have included alterations in diet formulations and water consump- tion and possibly the fact that people favor ownership of breeds more prone to developing CaOx-containing uroliths. The decrease in metabolic uroliths could have been related to better breeding practices and increased awareness of results of genetic studies

Front 1034

Frequency of incomplete urolith removal, complications, and diagnostic imaging following cystotomy for removal of uroliths from the lower urinary tract in dogs: 128 cases (1994-2006)

Back 1034

Cystotomy was a safe and effective surgical procedure for removal of lower urinary tract uroliths in most dogs. Failure to remove all uroliths occurred in a substantial percentage of patients.

Front 1035

Hyperphosphatasemia and concurrent adrenal gland dysfunction in apparently healthy Scottish Terriers

Back 1035

Hyperphosphatasemia in apparently healthy Scottish Terriers was most likely attributable to hyperadrenocorticism on the basis of exaggerated serum biochemical responses to ACTH administration and histologic hepatic changes, but none of the dogs had clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism.

Front 1036

Infusion of a lipid emulsion to treat lidocaine intoxication in a cat

Back 1036

IV administration of a lipid emulsion was used in the treatment of lidocaine intoxication in a cat. Rapid infusion of a lipid emulsion may be a therapeutic option for veterinary patients with toxicosis attributable to local anesthetics or other lipid-soluble drugs.

Front 1037

Laparoscopy for percutaneous tube cystostomy in dogs

Back 1037

In this study, a laparoscopic percutaneous tube cystostomy was accomplished in healthy dogs by use of a 3-portal technique and appeared to be an effective and safe procedure.

Front 1038

Leishmaniasis in a dog native to Colorado

Back 1038

Although vertical disease transmission was suspected, it is possible that L infantum is now endemic in Colorado. Leishmaniasis should be considered in dogs with scaly dermatoses.

Front 1039

Magnetic resonance imaging features and clinical signs associated with presumptive and confirmed progressive myelomalacia in dogs: 12 cases (1997-2008)

Back 1039

A hyperintense region of the spinal cord > 6 times the length of L2 on T2-weighted imaging might be a characteristic MRI finding of PM. In some dogs, such MRI findings were observed before PM was clinically diagnosed. Progres- sive myelomalacia may thus be diagnosable at the early stage through MRI and CSF exami- nation before signs of PM develop.

Front 1040

Management of mastitis and abscessation of mammary glands secondary to fibroadenomatous hyperplasia in a primiparturient cat

Back 1040

Management of abscessed mammary glands through surgical drainage and drain placement is an option for treatment of cats with complications of fibroadenomatous hyperplasia. In the cat of this report, the treatment approach resulted in rapid resolution of mastitis, was less invasive than mastectomy, and avoided the potential complications of treatment with a progesterone-receptor antagonist.

Front 1041

Methylphenidate toxicosis in dogs: 128 cases (2001-2008)

Back 1041

Ingestion of even small amounts of MPH (Ritalin) can cause severe clinical signs in dogs. Monitoring and supportive care are recommended regardless of dose.

Front 1042

Mycophenolate mofetil treatment in dogs with serologically diagnosed acquired myasthenia gravis: 27 cases (1999-2008)

Back 1042

The results did not support routine use of MMF for the treatment of dogs with acquired MG. No significant differences were detected between treatment groups for remission rate, time to remission, or survival time. Megaesophagus, pneumonia, and low serum thyroid hormone concentration had no significant effect on time to remission or survival time for either treatment group.

Front 1043

Outcome of minimally invasive surgical treatment of heartworm caval syndrome in dogs: 42 cases (1999-2007)

Back 1043

Results of the study reported here suggest that dogs with caval syndrome that undergo successful transvenous heartworm extrac- tion and survive to discharge have a good long-term prognosis.

Front 1044

Ovarian remnant syndrome in dogs and cats: 21 cases (2000-2007)

Back 1044

Ovarian remnants were found in typical locations for ovaries and were not considered ectopic tissue; thus, surgical error during OHE was suspected as the cause of ORS. Anatomic differences may account for differences be- tween species, and clinical signs may not be recognized until years after OHE. Surgical removal of residual ovarian tissue resulted in resolution of clinical signs.

Front 1045

Panniculitis attributable to Mycobacterium goodii in an immunocompetent dog in Georgia

Back 1045

M goodii is an environmental rapidly growing mycobacterium and is a zoonotic pathogen. Infections have not been previously reported in domestic animals in North America, although there are rare reports of infection in humans associated with surgery, especially surgical implants. Domestic animals are a potential sentinel for this non- tuberculous mycobacterial infection in humans, although lack of speciation in infections of domestic animals likely underestimates the potential public health importance of this pathogenic organism. Current microbiological molecular methods allow for a rapid and inex- pensive diagnosis.

Front 1046

Pathology in practice. Granuloma in a dog

Back 1046

Focal granuloma with intralesional refractive foreign material (gauze sponge fibers), consistent with gossypiboma.

Front 1047

Prevalence of protective antibody titers for canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus in dogs entering a Florida animal shelter

Back 1047

Most dogs had insufficient antibody titers for CDV, CPV, or both at the time of admission to the animal shelter. Findings support current guidelines recommending vaccination of all dogs immediately upon admission to shelters, regardless of source or physical condition.

Front 1048

Repeated rhinoscopic and serologic assessment of the effectiveness of intranasally administered clotrimazole for the treatment of nasal aspergillosis in dogs

Back 1048

Clinical signs were not predictive of disease state, and follow-up rhinoscopy is recommended to assess response to treatment. The success rate of intranasally administered clotrimazole was similar to rates in previous reports; howev- er, the number of dogs with recurrent disease was relatively high. Monitoring of the results of serologic testing is not recommended for use in determining response to treatment.

Front 1049

Resolution of persistent pneumothorax by use of blood pleurodesis in a dog after surgical correction of a diaphragmatic hernia

Back 1049

Blood pleurodesis was used for resolution of pneumothorax in a dog after correction of a diaphragmatic hernia. Blood pleurodesis may provide a simple, safe, and inexpensive medical treatment for resolution of persistent (duration > 5 days) pneumothorax when surgery is not an option.

Front 1050

Response rate after administration of a single dose of doxorubicin in dogs with B-cell or T-cell lymphoma: 41 cases (2006-2008)

Back 1050

Standard-of-care chemotherapy protocols for the treatment of dogs with lymphoma include doxorubicin. Many dogs with T-cell lymphoma did not respond to doxorubicin; therefore, multiagent protocols containing doxorubicin may not be optimal. Alternative protocols should be considered for dogs with T-cell lymphoma that do not respond to doxorubicin.

Front 1051

Serologic prevalence of antibodies against canine influenza virus (H3N8) in dogs in a metropolitan animal shelter

Back 1051

Analysis of the results suggested that more dogs were exposed to CIV in the shelter than were exposed in the urban environment. This has serious implications for design and management of animal shelters.

Front 1052

Serum 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations during the reproductive cycle in healthy dogs and dogs with hyperadrenocorticism

Back 1052

Serum 17OHP concentrations in healthy ******* increased during estrus, diestrus, and pregnancy and at those times were higher than in spayed ******* with hyperadrenocorticism.

Front 1053

Spontaneous hemoperitoneum in cats: 65 cases (1994-2006)

Back 1053

Spontaneous hemoperitoneum in cats often results in debilitating clinical consequences. In contrast to dogs with hemoperitoneum, the cause of hemoperitoneum in cats is approximately evenly distributed between neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases. Although only a few cats were treated in this study, the prognosis appears poor.

Front 1054

Thoracoscopic subtotal pericardiectomy and right atrial mass resection in a dog

Back 1054

Findings suggested that thoracoscopic right atrial mass removal combined with adjunct doxorubicin treatment may be a viable alternative to thoracotomy in dogs with right atrial masses.

Front 1055

Use of a combination of prednisolone and rosuvastatin for treatment of a pyogranuloma in a dog

Back 1055

A low dose of prednisolone was not effective against the pyogranuloma. However, administration of a low dose of prednisolone in combination with rosuvastatin caused decreases in CRP concentration and size of the pyogranuloma. Thus, statins may act as immunosuppressants.

Front 1056

Use of a commercially available relaxin test for detection of pregnancy in cats

Back 1056

Pregnancy was detected by use of the relaxin test kit as early as gestational day 20; sensitivity of the test was 100% on and after gestational day 29. False-positive results were detected in 3 queens, 2 of which had large (approx 2 X 3-cm) ovarian cysts, resulting in a specificity of 95.9%.

Front 1057

Use of a unique method for removal of a foreign body from the trachea of a cat

Back 1057

A fluoroscopic technique was used as a minimally invasive alternative to endoscopy or open-chest surgery for removal of a foreign body from the trachea of a cat. Use of this technique allowed uninterrupted ventilation of the cat throughout the procedure.

Front 1058

Use of calcium folinate in the management of accidental methotrexate ingestion in two dogs

Back 1058

IV administration of calcium folinate appeared to prevent the patho- logical sequelae of methotrexate intoxication without adverse effects. Administration of calcium folinate is recommended for the treatment of dogs with suspected or confirmed methotrexate overdose.