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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the mechanical indications for intubation?
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1. Respiratory rate >= 35/min
2. VC <= 15cc/kg for adults and 10cc/kg for children 3. MIF <= 20 cm H2O |
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What are the oxygenation indications for intubation?
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1. PaO2 <= 70 mmHg on FiO2 40%
2. A-a gradient >= 350 torr with FiO2 100% |
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What are the ventilation indications for intubation?
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1. PaCO2 >= 55 (except in patients with chronic hypercarbia)
2. Vd/Vt >= 0.6 (normal is 0.3) |
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What are the criteria for extubation?
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1. Awake, alert, with stable vital signs, good grip, and sustained head lift
2. ABG reasonable with FiO2 40% (PaO2 >= 70, PaCO2 < 55) 3. MIF is more negative than a negative 20cm H2O 4. VC >= 15cc/kg |
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When is PEEP indicated?
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Is indicated when the PaO2 is <= 60 mmHg with FiO2 >= 60%
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For every 5 cmH2O PEEP FRC increases by _____
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400cc
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PEEP improves the relationship between _____ and closing capacity and decreases ________.
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PEEP improves the relationship between FRC and CC and decreases intrapulmonary shunting.
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What fractures are associated with fat embolism?
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hip, pelvic or long bone (0.5 - 2.0%) of fractures.
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What is the M&M of fat embolism syndrome?
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10 - 15%
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What are CV signs and symptoms of fat embolism syndrome?
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1. Tachycardia and hypotension
2. EKG suggestion MI and right heart strain |
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What are respiratory findings in fat embolism syndrome?
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1) PaO2 falls and PaCO2 rises
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What are CNS findings in fat embolism syndrome?
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Confusion, obtundation, and coma are often present
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What are blood findings in fat embolism syndrome?
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1) rise in serum lipids, free fatty acids, triglcerides
2) Fall in Hct 2/2 erythrocyte aggregation 3)thrombocytopenia 2/2 PLT aggregation 4) elevated fibrin degratdation products 5) elevated PT and PTT |
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What are skin findings in fat embolism syndrome?
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Petechiae over anterior chest, axilla, neck, and conjunctiva in over 50% of cases.
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