Acute Respiratory Disorders

Front 1

rhonchus

Back 1

dry, rattling sound caused by partial bronchus obstruction

Front 2

tachypnea

Back 2

rapid respiratory rate

Front 3

pneumothorax

Back 3

presence of air in the pleural cavity that causes the lung on the affected side to collapse

Front 4

apnea

Back 4

temporary cessation of breathing

Front 5

hypoxia

Back 5

low oxygen level in body tissues

Front 6

ventilation

Back 6

movement of air in and out of the lungs

Front 7

crackles

Back 7

rales; abnormal lung sounds heard on auscultation

Front 8

orthopnea

Back 8

difficulty breathing when lying down

Front 9

hemothorax

Back 9

accumulation of blood in the pleural space

Front 10

hypoxemia

Back 10

low level of oxygen in the blood

Front 11

tissue perfusion

Back 11

blood flow though blood vessels of tissue

Front 12

atelectasis

Back 12

collapsed lung or part of a lung

Front 13

hypercapnia

Back 13

excess co2 in the blood

Front 14

cheyne stokes
respirations, apnea

Back 14

breaths progressively deeper, than becoming more shallow, followed by period of apnea

causes: severe brain pathology

Front 15

kussmaul's respirations
(with hyperventilation)

Back 15

pattern: regular
depth: deep
rate: faster than 20 breaths/min

causes: metabolic acidosis
diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure

Front 16

3 characteristics of the right bronchus that explain why foreign bodies from the trachea enter the right bronchus

Back 16

- shorter
- wider
- straighter up & down

Front 17

3 age related changes that occur in the pharynx and the larynx

Back 17

1. muscle atrophy
2. slackening of the vocal cords
3. loss of elasticity of the laryngeal muscles and cartilages

Front 18

5 s/s of pulmonary embolus (PE)

Back 18

- sudden chest pain
- tachypnea
- dyspnea
- diaphoretic w/ cough
- crackles may be heard in auscultation

Front 19

CT scan

Back 19

determine whether pt is allergic to iodine

Front 20

fiberoptic bronchoscopy

Back 20

determine whether pt is allergic to iodine

Front 21

pulmonary function tests

Back 21

advise pt not to smoke or eat for 4-6 hrs before test

Front 22

tracheostomy tube

Back 22

tube used w/ a surgically created opening though the neck into the trachea

Front 23

oral airway

Back 23

curved tube used to maintain an airway temporarily

Front 24

nasal airway

Back 24

soft rubber tube inserted through the nose and extended to the base of the tongue

Front 25

endotracheal tube

Back 25

long tube inserted through the mouth or nose into the trachea

Front 26

function of the respiratory system

Back 26

is to supply oxygen for te metabolic needs of the cells and to eliminate carbon dioxide, one of the waste materials of cell metabolism

Front 27

chest tubes

Back 27

drain fluid and air from the pleural space, permitting a collapsed lung to reexpand

Front 28

drugs commonly used for tx of respiratory disorders include

Back 28

decongestants, antitussives, antihistamines, expectorants, antimicrobials, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, mast cell stabilizers, & leukotriene inhibitors

Front 29

influenza

Back 29

is an acute viral respiratory infection that can lead to pneumonia, esp. in debilitated people

Front 30

pneumonia

Back 30

may be caused by pathogenic organisms or by noninfectious agents such as inhaled irritants, including aspirated gastric contents

Front 31

pleurisy (pleuritis)

Back 31

id inflammation of the pleura that is treated w/ analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, antitussives, antimicrobials, and local heat therapy

Front 32

pneumothorax

Back 32

is the accumulation of air in the pleural space, which may cause the lung to collapse

Front 33

with a tension pneumothorax

Back 33

air accumulates in the affected side, collapsing the affected lung and causing the heart , trachea, esophagus, and great blood vessels to the shift toward the unaffected side (mediastinal shift, a life threatening condition)

Front 34

flail chest

Back 34

is the loss of thoracic integrity caused by fractures of two adjacent ribs into two or more segments on the same side of the chest

Front 35

pulmonary embolus

Back 35

is a foreign substance carried through the bloodstream into the lung, where it lodges and blocks blood flow

Front 36

adult respiratory distress syndrome

Back 36

a progressive pulmonary disorder that may lead to fibrosis of lung tissue and death, is treated with mechanical ventilation and treatment of the underlying cause

Front 37

where is the respiratory center located?

Back 37

brain

Front 38

several days after thoracic surgery, your patient's respiratory status is normal. when checking the chest tube drainage system, you observe that there is no bubbling in the waterseal chamber. this could mean that:

Back 38

the patient's affected lung has reexpanded

Front 39

antitussives

Back 39

suppress the cough reflex

Front 40

antihistamines

Back 40

dry up nasal secretions

Front 41

bronchodilators

Back 41

relax smooth muscle in the bronchial airways and blood vessels

Front 42

side effect of antihistamines

Back 42

drowsiness

Front 44

antitussives

Back 44

suppress the cough reflex

- not always desirable coz coughing removes secretions from the airways

Front 45

antihistamines

Back 45

dry up nasal secretions

- may worsen a cough by drying up bronchial secretions

- not usually recommended for people w/ asthma coz dry secretions contribute to difficulty clearing the airway

Front 46

bronchodilators

Back 46

relax smooth muscle in the bronchial airways and blood vessels

Front 48

leukotriene inhibitors

Back 48

prevent acute asthma attacks (not used to stop them after they've started); inhibit allergic response

Front 49

decongestants

Back 49

cause constriction of nasal blood vessels and reduce swelling of mucous membranes

Front 50

expectorants

Back 50

thin respiratory secretions so that they are more readily mobilized

Front 51

who is at risk for having aspiration pneumonia

Back 51

patients with tube feedings

Front 52

lung scan

Back 52

a test to assess lung ventilation and lung perfusion

Front 53

acid-fast test

Back 53

a test done to determine the presence of the bacteria that cause tuberculsis

Front 54

sputum cytology

Back 54

a test done to determine the presence of malignant cells

Front 55

chest physiotherapy should be performed

Back 55

before meals

Front 56

ventilators are commonly required for patients with

Back 56

hypoxemia

Front 57

tidal volume

Back 57

the present amount of oxygenated air delivered during each ventilator breath

Front 58

antitussives

Back 58

codeine --> effective

dextromethorphan --> not opioid is more commonly used

Front 59

bronchodilators

Back 59

treat airway obstruction from asthma & copd

- tendency to cause cardiac & central nervous system stimulation

Front 60

corticosteroids

Back 60

anti-inflammatory

Front 61

corticosteroids

Back 61

parentally, orally, inhalation

- important drug in tx of asthma because reduce inflammation & edema in respiratory tract
- less commonly used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- systemic effects of steroids: fluid&electrolyte imbalances, hyperglycemia, htn, osteoporosis, reduced resistance to inf.,& muscle wasting

Front 62

corticosteroids

Back 62

parental use --> short term, acute situations
oral use --> limited to 2 weeks
- don't d/c steroid therapy abruptly coz may lead to acute adrenal insufficiency

Front 63

mast cell stabilizers

Back 63

cromolyn sodium (intal) & nedocromil (tilade) reduce the production of chemicals by mast cells that cause bronchoconstriction, edema, & inflammation

- used to prevent acute asthma attacks
- not useful in stopping an attack after it starts

Front 64

leukotriene inhibitors

Back 64

mediate allergic responses including bronchospasm

- useful in tx of asthma coz inhibit allergic response, helping prevent acute asthmatic attacks.
- zafirlukast(accolate) & ziluetin (zyflo)

Front 65

thrombolytics

Back 65

streptokinase (streptase), urokinase (abbokinase), & alteplase or tissue plasminogen activator (activase) --> used to dissolve blood clots in the lungs called pulmonary emboli