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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Active Exercise |
joint movement activated by the person |
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Ankylosis |
fixation or immobilization of a joint |
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Atrophy |
decrease in the size of a body structure |
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Body Mechanics |
efficient use of the body as a machine and as a means of locomotion |
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Cartilage |
hard, nonvascular connective tissue found in the joints as well as in the nose, ear, thorax, trachea, and larynx |
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Contracture |
permanent contracted state of a muscle fixation of the joint: flexor muscles are stronger than extensor muscles, the joint can stay in a nonfunctional possition |
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Dangling |
position in which the person sits on the edge of the bed with legs and feet dangling over the side of he bed |
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Exercise |
active exertion of muscles involving the contraction and relaxation of muscle groups |
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Flaccidity (hypotonicity) |
decreased muscle tone |
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Footdrop |
complication resulting from extended plantar flexion |
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Isokinetic Exercise |
-exercise involving muscle contractions with resistance varying at a constant rate -resistance from external sources/ device Examples: lifting weights |
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Isometric Exercise |
-exercise in which muscle tension occurs without moving the body -ideal for immobilized patients Examples: contraction and release of the gluteal muscles while in hospital bed |
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Isotonic Exercise |
-movement in which muscles shorten (contract) and move -enhance circulatory and respiratory functioning -increase muscle mass, tone, and strength Examples: Walking, swimming,dancing, bicycling, aerobics |
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Ligaments |
tough, fibrous bands that bind joints together and connect bones and cartilage |
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Negative Nitrogen Balance |
condition resulting in muscle wasting and decreased physical energy for movement and work (e.g. anorexia nervosa and certain cancers) |
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Neurons |
nerve cells, which conduct impulses from one part of the body to another |
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Orthopedics |
the correction or prevention of disorders of body structures used in locomotion |
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Osteoporosis |
condition characterized by loss of calcium from bone tissue |
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Paralysis (Plegia) |
absence of strength secondary to nervous system impairment |
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Patient Care Ergonomics |
practice of designing equipment and work tasks to conform to the capability of the worker in relation to patient care |
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Range of Motion (ROM) |
complex extent of movement of which a joint is normally capable |
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Spasticity |
Increased muscle tone |
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Tendons |
strong, flexible, inelastic fibrous bands that attach muscle to bone |
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Tonus |
normal, partially steady state of muscle contraction |
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Calculating Maximum Heart Rate |
220-current age 60-90% of the maximum (depending on the health care provider's recommendations) |
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Benefits of Exercise- Cardiovascular |
lowers BP lowers HR lowers cholesterol |
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Benefits of Exercise- Pulmonary |
increased lung capacity increased oxygen transport builds endurance |
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Benefits of Exercise- Metabolic |
increased triglyceride breakdown increased body heat increased body function |
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Benefits of Exercise- Muscukoskeletal |
increased ROM increased fluid in joints coordination increased muscle strength increased flexibility |
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Benefits of Exercise- Activity Tolerance |
decreased chronic illness decreased risk for COPD and Asthma |
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Benefits of Exercise- Psychological |
sharper Memory decreased anxiety |
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Paresis |
impaired muscle strength or weakness |
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Bed rest |
medical order pt can not be taken out of bed |
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Effects of Immobility- Psychological |
increased sense of powerlessness risk for learned helplessness |
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Effects of Immobility- Muscluloskeletal |
loss of endurance, strength muscle mass impaired calcium metabolism (osteoporosis) joint abnormalities/ joint contractures |
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Effects of Immobility- Urinary |
recumbent (flat) positions can cause urinary stasis where urine fills the renal pelvis, then overflows to ureters decreased bladder tone increased risk for UTI and Renal Calculi (stones) fluid intake decreased decreased output=concentrated= risk of calculi |
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Effects of Immobility- GI |
decreased appetite constipation bowl obstruction due to fecal impaction altered protein metabolism |
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Effects of Immobility-Respiratory |
Atelectasis- collapse of alveoli could cause partial or total lung collapse Hypostatic pneumonia: inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling of lung secretions |
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Effects of Immobility- Cardiovascular |
3 major changes -orthostatic hypotension -increased cardiac workload -thrombus |
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Orthostatis Hypotension |
increase in heart rate of more than 15% and a drop of 15 mmHG or more in systolic blood pressure when patient changes from supine to standing (one minute apart, per policy) decreased circulating fluid volume, pooling of blood in lower extremities, decreased autonomic responses occur |
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Increased Cardiac Workload |
as immobilization increases, cardiac output falls, decreasing cardiac efficiency and increasing workload |
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Thrombus formation |
blood clot -damage to vessel wall (surgical procedure) -alterations of blood flow (slow flow due to immobility) -alterations in blood constituents (change in clotting factors or increased platelet activity) |
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Effects of Immobility- Metabolic |
-decreased metabolic rate -slowing peristalsis -increased risk for electrolyte imbalance -negative nitrogen balance (body excretes more nitrogen than it ingests in protein) -calcium resorption(loss) from bones - if kidneys can not excrete the added calcium, hypercalcemia results |
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Effects of Immobility- integumentary |
immobility causes increase pressure on skin decreased appetite cases poor nutritional intake |
