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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How should you properly stand?
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head erect
face forward shoulders back spinal column upright abd. and gluteal muscles contracted knees extended feet at right angles to lower leg, soles of the feet are the base of support |
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How should you properly sit?
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same as standing
hips and knees are flexed buttocks and thighs are the base of support popliteal area is free of the edge of the chair |
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What is the center of gravity? Where is it?
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point at which the mass of an object is centered
center of the pelvis about midway between the umbilicus and the symphysis pubis |
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What is the base of support? Where is it?
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foundation that provides for an object's stability
the feet |
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What is the line of gravity?
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a vertical line that passes through the center of gravity
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An object is balanced and has greater stability if...
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the center of gravity is close to the base of support
the line of gravity goes through the base of gravity the object has a wide base of support |
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How should you best coordinate movements?
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use major muscle groups rather than smaller groups
slide, roll, push, or pull objects rather than lift them use body weight to push or pull an object by rocking backward and/or forward when pushing an object; keep arms close to body and push w/ entire body use slow, smooth movements |
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How can you use a wide base of support?
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spread feet apart
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How can you lower the center gravity
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bend knees when lifting
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What should you do with your head and shoulders when you begin to lift?
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keep them up
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What is isotonic exercise?
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muscle shortening and active movement
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What is isometric exercise?
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muscle contraction w/o shortening
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What is isokinetic exercise?
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muscle contraction w/ resistance
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What is aerobic exercise?
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exercise that increases 02 demand
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What is atrophy?
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muscle mass that is decreased through disuse or neurologic impairment
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What is hypertrophy?
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increased muscle mass due to exercise or training
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What is flaccidity?
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decreased tone
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What is spasticity?
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increased tone that interferes w/ movement
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What is paresis?
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impaired muscle strength or weakness
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What is hemiparesis?
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muscle weakness limited to one side of the body
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What is hemiplegia?
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paralysis of one half of the body
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What is paraplegia?
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paralysis of legs
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What is quadriplegia?
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paralysis of arms and legs
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What is endurance?
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pts ability to tolerate a certain level of activity
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What should you assess for when assessing a pts endurance?
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increased HR, RR, BP, SOB, dyspnea, weakness, fatigue, dizziness, pallor
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What is a cradle used for?
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keeps linens off pts toes
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What is a trochanter roll used for?
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prevents external rotation of the hip
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What is a footboard used for?
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prevents foot drop
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What are hand/wrist splints used for?
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prevent contracture of hand
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If a pt was in the high fowlers position what would the HOB be and why would they be in this position?
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HOB 90 degrees
allows for maximal lung expansion |
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If a pt was in the fowlers position what would the HOB be and why would they be in this position?
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HOB 45-60 degrees
promoting cardiac and respiratory function eating, conversation, vision urination and defecation |
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If a pt was in the semi-fowlers position what would the HOB be?
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HOB- 30 degrees
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If a pt is in any of the fowlers position what is at risk for breakdown?
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heels, sacrum, scapulae
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What is the supine position? Why would you use footboard and trochanter rolls?
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pt lies flat on the back w/ head and shoulders slighty elevated w/ a pillow unless contraindicated
footboard- foot drop trochanter rolls- external rotation |
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What is the prone position? Who is it contraindicated for?
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pt lies on the abd. w/ head turned to side to help prevent contractures of the hips and knees
contraindicated for pts w/ spinal problems |
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What is the sim's position? What is at risk for break down?
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pt lies on side w/ lower arm behind the pt and the upper shoulder and elbow are flexed
ensure that shoulders are aligned w/ hips to prevent twisting of the spine interior aspect of humerous, clavicle and ilium |
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What is at risk for break down in the side-lying position?
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scapula, illium and trochanter
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Who would need to be logrolled?
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pt w/ spinal injury or spinal surgery
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What are the benefits of AROM?
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increases muscle mass, tone and strenght and improves cardiopulmonary functioning
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What is PROM?
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pt is unable to move independently and the nurse moves each joint through its range of motion
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What is the goal of ROM?
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to keep the pt in the best possible physical state when bed rest is necessary
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How would you move a pt up in bed?
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lower HOB to 0 degrees
remove pillow have pt place feet flat on bed w/ knees flexed flex neck and fold arms across chest stand at pts center, feet apart w/ one foot slightly ahead of the other foot contract abd. and gluteal muscles grasp draw sheet close to pt shift weight back and forth all nurses lift on count of 3 |
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How would you move a pt from the bed to a stretcher?
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raise bed 1/2 in.
lock wheels one nurse kneels on the far side of bed and lifts while the other one pulls |
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How would you move a pt from the bed to a wheelchair?
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bed in lowest position
place wheelchair by bed on pt's unaffected side lock wheels and raise foot pedals raise HOB completely allow pt to dangle brace pts feet and knees bend knees and place hands around pts waist or gait belt straighten knees and pivot the pt to the chair lower pt to the chair by flexing hips and knees |
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What can a pt do to condition before ambulating?
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quadricep and gluteal setting drills
pushups dangling |
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How do you one nurse assist with ambulating?
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use gait belt
walk behind and slightly to side of the pt make pt look up not at feet |
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How would you ambulate a pt that has hemiparesis?
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stand on pts weaker side w/ one arm around waist and support pts weak arm in axillary areas or under his forearm/hand
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How should pts use walkers?
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elbows should bend at a 30 degree angle
stand w/ legs line up w/ back of walker move impaired leg and walker forward together then move unaffected leg forward when body weight is supported by impaired leg and walker |
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How should a pt use a cane?
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stand w/ the cane's tip 4" from the side of the foot, the bend of the elbow should be about 30 degree angle
hold cane on side w/ the stronger leg move can forward 4-12" then weak leg, then strong leg move cane and weak leg forward then move strong leg forward while keeping the cane in place |
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How should you adjust the height of crutches?
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ask pt to stand erect
the tip of the crutch should be 4-6 in. away from the pt's heel the top of the crutch should be three or four finger-widths below pts axilla adjust the handgrips so that the pt's elbows are slightly bent and the wrists are bent backward |
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How should a pt use crutches?
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begin in tripod position
crutches are 6" in front of feet and 6" to the side of each foot |
