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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three types of active transporter? |
Coupled transporter, ATP-driven pump, light driven pump |
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Which active transporter harnesses the energy stored in concentration gradientsto couple the uphill transport of one solute across the membrane to thedownhill transport of another? |
Coupled transporter |
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Which active transporter couples uphill transport to the hydrolysis of ATP? |
ATP-driven pump |
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Which active transporter couples uphill transport to an input of energyfrom light or from aredox reaction? |
light driven pump |
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What is an example of a coupled transporter? |
Na+/Glucose Transporter |
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In Na+/Glucose Transport, (Na+/Glucose) goes against the gradient |
glucose |
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Draw what happens in state A and state B of the Na+/Glucose Transport, (make sure to label the charges, gradients, and the extracellular space&cytosol) |
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This is coupledtransport involving either the simultaneous transfer of a second solute in the samedirection |
Symporter |
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The transferof a second solute in the opposite direction is _________. |
antiporter |
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Why is Na+ used as in coupled transport most of the time? |
Na+ is the usual co-transported ion because its electrochemical gradient provides a large driving force for the active transport of asecond molecule |
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LOCATION OF GLUCOSE IN AN NA+/GLUCOSE TRANSPORT Glucose is transported across the _________ into ______. And then molecule diffuse to the ________. |
Glucose is transported across the apical surface into the cell. And then molecule diffuse to the basal surface. |
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Glucose is carried by a ____________ out of the cell and intothe bloodstream. |
glucose facilitative transporter |
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True or False. For optimal driving force, Na+/glucose must have a 1:1 ratio |
False! It is a 2:1 ratio! |
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What is the difference of primary and secondary active transport |
Primary active transport = the energy is derived directly from the hydrolysis of ATP. Secondary active transport = energy is derived secondarily from energy that has been stored in the form of ionic concentration differences between the two sides of a membrane. |
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Which type of active transport is this? Energy is derived from energy that has been stored in the form of ionic concentration differences between the two sides of a membrane. |
Secondary active transport |
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Which type of active transport is this? Energy is derived directly from the hydrolysis of ATP. |
Primary active transport |
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Na+ concentration is much higher in the extracellular space than in the cytosol, hence glucose is more likely to bind to the transporterin the (inward-facing state/outward-facing state). |
outward-facing state |
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Is Na+ in the Na+/Glucose Transport a symport er or antiporter |
symporter |
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What are the three types of ATPases? |
P-type pump, F-type (and V type) proton pump, ABC transporter |
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What happens in a P-type pump? |
Phosphorylation (the Phosphate that gets out when ATP becomes ADP attaches sa pump). Since nagattach siya Na+, K+, H+, Na2+ gets to pass through. |
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Which ions pass through a P-type pump? |
Na+ , Na2+ K+ , H+ , Hint: (Na Na Na, Kome hON) |
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True or false. ATP-driven pumps are ONLY for eukaryotic cells |
False. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have this. |
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Which ATPase is this? _________ are structurally and functionally related multipass transmembrane proteins. They phosphorylate themselves during the pumping cycle. They maintain Na+, K+, H+, and Ca2+ gradients. |
P-type pumps |
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What are multipass transmembrane proteins? |
It is a membrane protein that is permanently attached to the biological membrane. |
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Which ATPase is this? Turbine-like protein machines, constructed from multiple varying subunits. |
F/V-type proton pump |
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What is the difference between F-type pump and V-type pump |
F-type = a SYNTHASE which uses H+ ion to synthesize ADP+P to ATP (for mitochondria, chloroplast, and light-activated H-pump V-type = transfers H+ion into lysosomes, synaptic vesicles to ACIDIFY the interior of these organelles. |
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where is the F type proton pump found? |
Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, Light-Activated H-pump |
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where is the V type proton pump found? |
lysosomes, synaptic vesicles, and plant or yeast vacuoles |
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What does ABC Transporter stand for? |
ATP-Binding Cassette transporters |
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Which ATPase is this? primarily pump small molecules across cell membranes. |
ABC Transporter |
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How is an ABC transporter different from the other ATPases? |
1.) different structure 2.) pumps small molecules that don't have to be ions |
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How is a P-type ATPase different from a F/V-type ATPase? |
P-type: ATP becomes ADP, palabas ang H+ F/V-type: ATP becomes ADP, papasok ang H+ |
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Give an example of a p-type pump |
ca2+ pump, H+/K+ pump, Na+/K+ pump |
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P-type ATPases: Ca2+ pumps what is the usual gradient of ca2+? |
Going inside |
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P-type ATPases: Ca2+ pumps what happens? |
Phosphorylation (ATP to ADP) free phosphate attaches to pump energy pushes Ca2+ to extracellular matrix |
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P-type ATPases: Ca2+ pumps Why do we need to pump Ca2+ out of the cell? |
It is integral for function to maintain the Ca2+ gradient. |
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P-type ATPases: Ca2+ pumps Where are Ca2+ pumps found? |
Sarcoplasmic reticulum in the skeletal muscles |
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P-type ATPases: Ca2+ pumps What is a sarcoplasmic reticulum? |
SR is a specialized type of endoplasmic reticulum that forms a network of tubularsacs in the muscle cell cytoplasm, and it serves as an intracellular store of Ca2+ |
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P-type ATPases: Ca2+ pumps What happens in terms of muscle contraction? |
1.) Action potential depolarizes the muscle cell plasma membrane. 2.) Ca2+ isreleased into the cytosol from the SR through Ca2+ release channels, stimulatingthe muscle to contract 3.) Ca2+ pump moves Ca2+ from thecytosol back into the SR |
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P-type ATPases: H+/K+ pump Name the three acid-blocking drugs |
Zantac, Pepcid, Tagamet |
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P-type ATPases: H+/K+ pump What is it for? |
Acidifies the stomach |
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P-type ATPases: H+/K+ pump Where is it found? |
Stomach |
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P-type ATPases: H+/K+ pump Which compound produces stomach acids? |
Histamine (Hi! in nina's cards it says histamine stops acid, so im not very sure, cause i got this online lang. please double check nalang!) |
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P-type ATPases: H+/K+ pump |
Zantac, Pepcid, Tagamet |
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P-type ATPases: H+/K+ pump What is the drug that inhibits the pump from pushing putting H+ (making it more acidic)? |
Prilosec |
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P-type ATPases: H+/K+ pump What is the drug that neutralizes the existing acid with OH- |
Maalox |
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P-type ATPases: H+/K+ pump What happens to the H+/K+ pump when someone eats food? |
1.) histimine goes to the receptor to stimulate acid production 2.) activates the H+/K+ pump through phosphorylation 3.) H+ goes to matrix, K+ does to cytosol. This makes the stomach acidic. |
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P-type ATPases: Na+/K+ pump Which of the two ions goes against the gradient? |
Trick question!!! Both of them go against the gradient |
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P-type ATPases: Na+/K+ pump _____ goes in, _____ goes out. |
K+ goes in, Na+ goes out. They go against their gradient! |
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P-type ATPases: Na+/K+ pump How many K+ goes in and how many Na+ goes out? |
2 K+ goes in, 3 Na+ goes out. |
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P-type ATPases: Na+/K+ pump What is an example of an inhibitor of the Na+/K+ pump? |
Oubain |
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P-type ATPases: Na+/K+ pump What is the importance of this pump? |
Drives the transport of most nutrients into animal cells and also has a crucial rolein regulating cytosolic pH. |
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P-type ATPases: Na+/K+ pump Draw the mechanism. |
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P-type ATPases: ABC transporters What are the two types of ABC transporters? |
Bacterial ABC transporter and eukaryotic ABC transporter |
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P-type ATPases: ABC transporters True or False. ABC transporters are the largest family of membrane transport proteins. |
True |
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P-type ATPases: ABC transporters How many domains does an ABC transporter have? Does it protrude to the cytosol or the extracellular matrix? |
2 (pero more sometimes!), it protrudes to the cytosol. |
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P-type ATPases: ABC transporters how many ATP is used up in an ABC transporter? |
2 |
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P-type ATPases: ABC transporters What is the difference between an bacterial and eukaryotic ABC transporter? |
Bacterial = the small molecule comes from the cytosol Eukaryotic= the small molecule comes from the extracellular matrix |
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P-type ATPases: ABC transporters What do you call the ABC transporter pump that makes the body pump hydrophobic cytotoxic drugs out of the cytosol. |
MDR (Multi-drug resistance) protein |
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P-type ATPases: ABC transporters Is an MDR protein bacterial or eukaryotic? |
Eukaryotic |
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P-type ATPases: ABC transporters Where is the MDR protein normally found? |
Hepatocyte (liver cell) |
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P-type ATPases: ABC transporters What do you call the protist/parasite that causes malaria |
Plasmodium falciparum |
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P-type ATPases: ABC transporters What does the Plasmodium falciparum cause? |
Malaria |
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P-type ATPases: ABC transporters Plasmodium falciparum made amplified a gene encoding an ABC transporter that spits out an antimalaria drug called ______________. |
Chloroquine |
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P-type ATPases: ABC transporters Since Chloroquine did not work anymore for malaria, they made a new drug called _______________. |
Mefloquine |
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P-type ATPases: ABC transporters What do you call the ABC transporter that causes Cystic Fibrosis |
CFTR Protein |
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P-type ATPases: ABC transporters What does CFTR Protein stand for? |
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Protein |
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P-type ATPases: ABC transporters Which ion does the CFTR Protein cater to? Does it flow with or against the gradient? |
Cl- ion In contrast to other ABC transporters, ATP binding andhydrolysis in the CFTR protein do not drive the transport process. Instead, theycontrol the opening and closing of a continuous channel, which provides a passiveconduit for Cl– to move down its electrochemical gradient. |
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P-type ATPases: ABC transporters Where is the CFTR Protein found? |
Lungs, pancreas, liver, intestine |
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P-type ATPases: ABC transporters What do you call bacterium with double cell membranes that are thin |
Gram negative |
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P-type ATPases: ABC transporters What do you call bacterium with a single cell membrane that is thicker |
Gram Positive |
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P-type ATPases: ABC transporters In a double bilayer, what do you call the space in between? |
Periplasmic space |
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P-type ATPases: ABC transporters What do you call the components of the cell wall that fill up the periplasmic space? |
Peptidoglycans |
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P-type ATPases: ABC transporters What are the steps as to how a molecule gets to an ABC transporter |
1.) Molecule goes through a channel from the extracellular matrix to the periplasmic space 2.) Molecule binds to the periplasmic substrate binding solute (PSBS) in the periplasmic space 3.) PSBS binds to ABC transporter which causes conformational change 4.) Molecule gets to the cytosol |
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P-type ATPases: ABC transporters Draw the mechanism for how molecule gets to an ABC transporter |
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Types of ATPases Which ATPase is couple uphill transportto an input of energy from light |
Light-Driven Pump |
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Light-Driven Pump True or False. Light-Driven Pumps are mostly found in bacterium, fungi, and archaea. |
False. Bacterium and archaea lang!!! |
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Light-Driven Pump Give an example of a Light-Driven Pump |
Bacteriorhodopsin |
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Light-Driven Pump What is the direction of protons in a Light-Driven Pump |
protons move from the cytoplasm to the cell exterior througha central channel in the protein. |
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Light-Driven Pump What is the structure of a light-driven pump |
7 helices + retinal grp |
