Actions

Front 1

rectus femoris

Back 1

ExtendkneeAssistsiliopsoas to flex thigh

Front 2

vasti

Back 2

extend knee

Front 3

sartorius

Back 3

Hipflexion, abduction, LRFlexknee & assist knee in MR

Front 4

TFL

Back 4

Hipabduction, MR, flexionAssistswith knee extensionTensesfascia lata

Front 5

iliopsoas

Back 5

FlexeshipAssistin hip LR & abduction

Front 6

pectineus

Back 6

Hipadduction and flexion

Front 7

adductor longus

Back 7

Hipadduction and flexion

Front 8

adductor brevis

Back 8

Hipadduction and flexion

Front 9

adductor magnus

Back 9

Hipadduction and flexion, extension

Front 10

gracilis

Back 10

Adducthip, Assists in knee MR and flexion

Front 11

obturator externus

Back 11

Hip LR, assists hip adduction

Front 12

gluteus maximus

Back 12

Hipextension, LRLowerfibers: assist in hip addUpper fibers:Assistsin abduction, stabilize knee in extension through ITB insertion

Front 13

gluteus medius

Back 13

AbducthipAnteriorfibers: Hip MR and assist with hip flexionPosteriorfibers: Hip LR and assist with hip extension

Front 14

gluteus minimis

Back 14

Hipabduction, MR Assistswith hip flexion

Front 15

piriformis

Back 15

Laterallyrotate extended hipAbductsflexed hipAssistship extStabilizesfemoral head in acetabulum

Front 16

superior gemelli

Back 16

Laterallyrotate extended hipAbductflexed hipStabilizefemoral head in acetabulum

Front 17

inferior gemelli

Back 17

Laterallyrotate extended hipAbductflexed hipStabilizefemoral head in acetabulum

Front 18

obturator internus

Back 18

Laterallyrotate extended hipAbductflexed hipStabilizefemoral head in acetabulum

Front 19

quadratus femoris

Back 19

Laterallyrotate extended hipAbductflexed hipStabilizefemoral head in acetabulum

Front 20

biceps femoris long head

Back 20

Kneeflexion, LRHipextensionAssistsin hip LR

Front 21

biceps femoris short head

Back 21

Kneeflexion, LR

Front 22

semitendinosus

Back 22

Kneeflex, MR ExtendhipAssistsin hip MR

Front 23

semimembranosus

Back 23

Kneeflex, MR ExtendhipAssistsin hip MR

Front 24

gastrocnemius

Back 24

Talocruralplantar flexionAssistsin knee flexionSubtalarjoint inversion (supination)

Front 25

plantaris

Back 25

plantar flexion, assists in knee flexion

Front 26

soleus

Back 26

Talocruralplantar flexion Subtalarjoint inversion (supination)

Front 27

flexor hallucis longus

Back 27

Greattoe IP flexionAssistsin MP flexionPlantarankle flexionFootInversion

Front 28

flexor digitorum longus

Back 28

Proximaland distal IP and MP Flexion of 2-5 digitsAssistsin plantar flexion of ankle and inversion of foot

Front 29

tibialis posterior

Back 29

InversionAssistsin ankle plantar flexion

Front 30

popliteus

Back 30

NWB:MR of the tibia on the femur KneeflexionWB:LR femur on tibia and knee flexHelpsreinforce posterior ligament of kneejoint

Front 31

extensor hallucis longus

Back 31

Greattoe IP and MTP extAssistin INV (foot)and DF (ankle)

Front 32

extensor digitorum brevis

Back 32

EHBextends MTP of 1st digit. EDBextends MTP of 2-4 digits EDBassists in extension of IP joints 2-4

Front 33

tibialis anteiror

Back 33

DF, INV

Front 34

extensor digitorum longus

Back 34

ExtendMTP jointsAssistsin extension of IP 2-5, DF and EV

Front 35

fibularis tertius

Back 35

DF, EV

Front 36

extensor hallucis

Back 36

great toe MTP extension

Front 37

abductor hallucis

Back 37

Abductionof MTP of great toe Assistsin flexionAssistsin adduction of the forefoot

Front 38

adductor hallucis

Back 38

AdductionAssistsin flexion of MTP of great toe

Front 39

abductor digiti minimi (LE)

Back 39

Flexes5th toe Assistswith abduction

Front 40

interossei (LE)

Back 40

PLANTAR(3) ADD 3-5th digits toward axial line through the 2nd digit. Assists in MTP flexion Assist in extension of IP 3-5th DORSAL(4) Abduct 2-4th digits from axial line through the 2nd digits. Assists in MTP flexion and extension of 2-4th IP

Front 41

fibularis longus

Back 41

EversionAssistsin plantar flexion and depresses first metatarsal head

Front 42

fibularis brevis

Back 42

EversionAssistsin plantar flexion

Front 43

flexor digitorum brevis

Back 43

PIPFlexionAssistsin flexion of 2-5th MTP

Front 44

quadratus plantae

Back 44

Modifies line of pull of the flexor digitorumlongus tendons, and assists in flexion of 2-5th digits

Front 45

lumbricals

Back 45

MTPflexionAssistsin IP 2-5th extension

Front 46

flexor hallucis brevis

Back 46

Flexion of MTP of great toe

Front 47

pectorals major, clavicular

Back 47

Flexion of MTP of great toe

Front 48

pectorals major, sternal

Back 48

Depressshoulder girdle by virtue of attachment on the humerus & obliquely adductthe humerus toward opposite iliac crest Origin fixed: Humeral adduction and MR Insertion fixed: Assistsin elevation of thorax in forced inspiration

Front 49

pectoralis minor

Back 49

Origin fixed: Tilts scapula anteriorly Insertion fixed: Assist in forced inspiration

Front 50

subclavius

Back 50

Draws the clavicle down and stabilizes joint

Front 51

latissimus dorsi

Back 51

Origin fixed: Shoulder MR, add, and extensionDepressesshoulder girdle Assistsin trunk lateral flexionInsertion fixed: Assists in anterior and lateral pelvic tiltsAssistsin lumbar hyperextension

Front 52

teres major

Back 52

ShoulderMR, add, ext ;Scapularinternal rotation

Front 53

serratus anterior

Back 53

Origin fixed: Abducts and upwardly rotates scapula. Holdsmedial border of scapula firmly against the rib cage.Lowerfibers may depress the scapula and upper fibers may elevate.

Front 54

supraspinatus

Back 54

AbductshoulderStabilizeshead of humerus in glenoid cavity during movements Mayassist with shoulder LR from neutral to full LR

Front 55

infraspinatus

Back 55

LRshoulderStabilizeshead of humerus in glenoid cavity during movements;Scapularinternal rotation

Front 56

subscapularis

Back 56

MRshoulderStabilizeshead of humerus in glenoid cavity during movements. Preventshumeral anterior glide.

Front 57

deltoid

Back 57

ABDshoulder Anterior: Shoulder flexion and MR Middle: shoulder abduction; scapular downward rotation Posterior: Shoulder extension and LR; Scapular internal rotation

Front 58

trapezius

Back 58

Origin fixed: adduct scapula, performedchiefly by middle fibers with stabilization by upper and lower fibers. Upward rotation of scapula, performed chieflyby lower fibers, with stabilization by middle fibers. Upper fibers elevate the scapula. Lower fibers depress the scapula.Insertion fixed & actingunilaterally: Upper fibers extend, laterally flex, androtate head and joints of cervical vertebrae so face turns to opposite sideActing bilaterally: upper trapezius extends neckAccessorymuscle to respiration. (Kendall FP)Uppertrap elevates and retracts the clavicle. It’s role as an upward rotator of thescapula is questionable but it is still important to balance the forces during scapularupward rotation. Upper trap is primarilya scapular elevator and retractor. (Ludewig PM)Lowertrap is primarily an external rotator and upward rotator of the scapula. It’s bestas an upward rotator in early range of arm elevation. Lower trap can help withposterior tilt.(Ludewig PM)Middletrapezius externally rotates scapula. It contributes some to upward rotation.(Ludewig PM)

Front 59

levator scapulae

Back 59

With origin fixed: elevates the scapula &assists in rotation so that glenoid cavity faces caudallyWith insertion fixed and actingunilaterally: laterally flexes cervical vertebrae & rotates to SAMEsideActing bilaterally:Assist in cervical extension

Front 60

rhomboid major

Back 60

Adducts,elevates, downwardly rotates scapula. Externallyrotates scapula

Front 61

rhomboid minor

Back 61

Adduct,elevate scapulaRotatescapula so that glenoid cavity faces caudally Externallyrotates scapula

Front 62

teres minor

Back 62

LRshoulder Stabilizeshead of humerus in glenoid cavity during movements;Scapularinternal rotation

Front 63

pronator teres

Back 63

PronateforearmAssistsin elbow flexion

Front 64

FCR

Back 64

ABD,FLEX wristAssistsin forearm pronation and elbow flex

Front 65

palmaris longus

Back 65

Tensespalmar fascia, flex wrist Assistsin elbow flexion

Front 66

flexor digitorum superficialis

Back 66

Flexionof PIP of 2-5th digits Assistin MCP joint flex and wrist flex

Front 67

flexor digitorum profundus

Back 67

FlexesDIP of index, middle, ring, and little fingers.Assistsin PIP, MCP, and wrist flexion

Front 68

flexor pollicis longus

Back 68

ThumbIP flexion Assistsin MCP and CMC flex and wrist flexion

Front 69

flexor pollicis brevis

Back 69

FlexMCP, CMC of thumb Assistsin opposition, may extend interphalangeal joint

Front 70

pronator quadratus

Back 70

pronate foream

Front 71

abductor pollicis brevis

Back 71

Palmarabduction of thumb CMC and MCP joints; Extendthumb IP joint.Assistsin opposition and flexion, MR of CMC jt

Front 72

opponens pollicis

Back 72

Opposes thumb CMC

Front 73

lumbricals (UE)

Back 73

ExtendsIP joint and simultaneously flex MCP joints of 2-5th digits ExtendIP joints with MCP extended

Front 74

flexor carpi ulnaris

Back 74

Flex,ulnarly deviate wrist Assistsin flex of elbow

Front 75

abductor digiti minimi (UE)

Back 75

Abductsmall finger MP joint Assistsin opposition and flexion of CMC of 5th digit and assists in extension of IPjoint

Front 76

flexor digiti minimi

Back 76

FlexMCP joint of little fingerAssistsin opposition

Front 77

opponens digiti minimi

Back 77

Opposes 5th CMC joint

Front 78

interossei UE

Back 78

DORSALABDindex, middle, ring finger from axial line through third digit Assistsin MCP flexion and extension of IP joint of 2-4th 1stassists with thumbadd PALMARADD 2, 4, 5 digits Assistsin MCP flexion and extension of IP of 2, 4, 5

Front 79

adductor pollicis

Back 79

Add CMC and ADD/assists in flex of MCP joint ofthumb, assists thumb opposition and ext IP joint

Front 80

triceps brachii

Back 80

Extendelbow Long head Assists in add and ext of shoulder

Front 81

brachioradialis

Back 81

ElbowflexionAssistsin pronation & supination of forearm

Front 82

extensor carpi radialis longus

Back 82

Extensor,radially deviates wristAssistsin elbow flexion

Front 83

ECRB

Back 83

ExtensorwristAssistin wrist radial deviation

Front 84

extensor digitorum

Back 84

ExtendMCP joint and in conjunction with lumbricals and interossei, extend IP jointsof 2-5th digits Assistin abducting index, ring, little finger Extendand radial deviate wrist

Front 85

extensor digiti minimi (UE)

Back 85

ExtendMCP joint & in conjunction with lumbricals and interossei, extend IP jointsof little finger Assistin abd of little finger

Front 86

extensor carpi ulnaris

Back 86

Extend & ulnarly deviate wrist

Front 87

extensor inidcis

Back 87

ExtendMCP joint & in conjunction with lumbricals and interossei, ext IP joint ofindex finger Assistin adduction of index

Front 88

abductor pollicis longus

Back 88

extCMC joint of thumb with slight abduction Wristradial deviationAssistswrist flexion

Front 89

extensor pollicis longus

Back 89

ExtendIP joint Assiststhumb MCP & CMC extensionAssistswrist radial deviation & extension

Front 90

extensor pollicis brevis

Back 90

Extendthumb MCP joint Extend and abduct CMC jointAssistsin wrist radial deviation

Front 91

supinator

Back 91

Supinate forearm

Front 92

coracobrachialis

Back 92

Flex & adduct shoulder

Front 93

brachialis

Back 93

elbow flexion

Front 94

biceps brachii

Back 94

Shoulderflexion Long headEvidence is unclear regarding role of LHBT at theshoulder. Krupp RJ JOSPT 2009May passively restrict humeral anterior and superiortranslation. Krupp RJ 2009 Origin fixed: Elbow flexion moving forearm toward humerus, forearm supination Insertion fixed: Elbow flexion moving humerus toward forearm Maycontribute to scapular anterior tilt