Acsp 10.12

Front 1

What are the minimum requirements for upgrading a Mac to macOS Sierra?

Back 1

Mac OS X 10.7.5 or later• 2 GB of memory• 8.8 GB of available storage space • A compatible Mac mode

Front 2

What are the four steps you must take before upgrading a Mac to macOS Sierra?

Back 2

a. Verify app compatibility.

b. Back up important files and folders.

c. Document critical settings.

d. Install Apple software and firmware updates.

Front 3

How can you identify whether a Mac requires a firmware update?

Back 3

You can identify a Mac firmware version by opening the full system report in System Information or SystemProfiler. You can verify whether the Mac firmware is up to date by visiting the Apple support website, whichshows available firmware updates

Front 4

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a single- or multiple-partition disk with macOS Sierra?

Back 4

Single-partition drives are easier to set up initially, but they aren’t as flexible for administration andmaintenance. Multiple-partition drives require repartitioning during setup but provide several separatepartitions, which can be used to segregate user data and host multiple operating systems.

Front 5

How can you get the macOS installer?

Back 5

You can download the macOS Sierra installer from the App Store for free.

Front 6

What option do you have during the macOS Sierra installation?

Back 6

During macOS Sierra installation, the only option you have is to define an installation destination other thanthe Mac computer’s current default system disk.

Front 7

If a macOS Sierra installation fails, where can you find out more about why it failed?

Back 7

Open Console.

Go to /var/log/.

Open and review install.log.

Front 8

Which tool guides you through the initial macOS Sierra configuration?

Back 8

Setup Assistant guides you through the macOS Sierra configuration process.

Front 9

Which key features do you gain by setting up iCloud?

Back 9

iCloud is a free service from Apple that provides cloud storage and communication services for apps, includingMail, Contacts, Calendars, Reminders, Notes, Safari, Keychain, Photos, and any other apps that support iCloudintegration. iCloud also provides Find My Mac technology for help locating a lost or stolen Mac.

Front 10

After you configure macOS Sierra, where can you manage iCloud settings?

Back 10

After you set up macOS Sierra, you can manage iCloud settings from iCloud or Internet Accounts preferences.

Front 11

What’s a profile? How do you manage profiles?

Back 11

A profile is a document with the filename extension .mobileconfig that contains system settings as defined byan administrator. When you open a profile document, macOS Sierra installs the profile and configures thesettings. You can manage installed profiles through Profiles preferences.

Front 12

Where can you find the system version number, build number, and hardware serial number? What’s thesignificance of these numbers?

Back 12

You can find the system version, build number, and hardware serial number are located in the About This Macdialog or the login screen. The system version number defines the specific version of macOS Sierra currentlyinstalled. The system build number is an even more specific identifier used primarily by developers. Thehardware serial number is a unique number used to identify your Mac.

Front 13

Which utilities are available when you start up from macOS Recovery?

Back 13

The macOS Recovery System provides access to Restore System from Time Machine Backup, Install/ReinstallmacOS, Get Help Online through Safari, Disk Utility, Startup Disk, Firmware Password Utility, Network Utility,Terminal, and Reset Password.

Front 14

Which two resources does the local hidden macOS Recovery HD need to reinstall macOS Sierra?

Back 14

The local hidden macOS Recovery HD doesn’t include macOS Sierra installation assets. So you need highspeedInternet access and the ability to verify access to the installation assets. You can verify Mac computersthat were upgraded to macOS Sierra by entering the Apple ID used to download it. Verification is automatic fornewly purchased Mac computers that include macOS Sierra.

Front 15

How can you use create an external macOS installation disk?

Back 15

You can create a macOS Recovery disk that includes the macOS Sierra installation assets with thecreateinstallmedia tool in macOS Installer.

Front 16

Which app can you open to initiate Apple software updates?

Back 16

Open the Mac App Store to initiate Apple software updates.

Front 17

By default, which items are always installed through automatic software updates?

Back 17

By default, system files and security updates are automatically installed when available.

Front 18

How can you prevent a user from installing software updates?

Back 18

You can prevent automatic updates for all users by disabling the options in App Store preferences. You canfurther restrict a user’s ability to use the App Store by configuring parental controls for the user’s account.

Front 19

Which apps can you use to manually acquire and install macOS Sierra software updates?

Back 19

You can download macOS Sierra software updates from the Apple Support website using any current webbrowser. Updates may be installation packages that are installed by using Installer.

Front 20

What’s the best way to discover what software is installed on a Mac?

Back 20

The Installations section of System Information shows the history of software installed from the App Store orthe macOS Installer

Front 21

What are the types of user accounts in macOS Sierra? How are they different?

Back 21

Standard is the default account type, administrative users can make changes to the system, a guest userdoesn’t require a password, and sharing-only users can access only shared files.

Front 22

What are some security risks associated with each user account type?

Back 22

. Standard user accounts are very secure, assuming they have strong passwords. Administrative users can makechanges that may negatively affect the Mac or other user accounts. A guest user could fill shared folders withunwanted files. Sharing-only users are generally very secure as long as they don’t have too much access toother user’s items.

Front 23

Which two local user password types are supported by macOS Sierra?

Back 23

In macOS Sierra, the default local user account requires a local account password. macOS Sierra supports localaccounts that already use an Apple ID password, but you can’t create new accounts that use an Apple IDpassword.

Front 24

. What are account attributes?

Back 24

Account attributes are the individual pieces of information used to define a user account. Examples include fullname, account name, user ID, universally unique ID (UUID), group, and home folder

Front 25

How can you limit a user account from having full access to all apps?

Back 25

You can use Parental Controls to limit user account access to apps. Examples of limitations include enforcing asimple Finder, limiting apps and widgets, limiting App Store content, setting time limits, and filtering contentfor several apps that are included in macOS Sierra.

Front 26

What types of resource contention issues can occur when fast user switching is enabled?

Back 26

Resource contention occurs when fast user switching is enabled and a user tries to access an item thatanother user has open in the background. Document contention occurs when a user attempts to open adocument that another user has already opened. Peripheral contention occurs when a user attempts to accessa peripheral that’s already in use by another user’s open app. App contention occurs when a second userattempts to access an app that is designed to run only once on a system.

Front 27

Which storage-related security risk can occur when fast user switching is enabled?

Back 27

When fast user switching is enabled, all users are allowed to see other users’ locally connected disks.

Front 28

A user’s home folder contains which default folders?

Back 28

The default folders in a user’s home folder are Desktop, Documents, Downloads, Library (hidden), Movies,Music, Pictures, and Public.

Front 29

When you delete a local user account, the Users & Groups preferences gives you three options for dealing withthe user’s home folder content. What are they?

Back 29

When you delete a local user account, macOS Sierra can archive the home folder content into a compresseddisk image, leave the home folder content in the /Users folder, or delete the home folder content. Optionally,macOS Sierra can perform a secure erase on the home folder content

Front 30

Which three primary sources can Migration Assistant pull from?

Back 30

Migration Assistant can migrate information from other Mac computers, Windows PCs, and other disks,including Time Machine backups.

Front 31

How do you make macOS Sierra associate a new local user account with a manually migrated or restoreduser’s home folder?

Back 31

a. Copy the restored user’s home folder to the /Users folder.

b. Open System Preferences.

c. Click on the Users and Groups pane.

d. Create a new local user account with the same account name that was used for the user’s homefolder. macOS Sierra prompts you to associate the new local user account with the restored homefolder.

Front 32

Which types of items can you store in a keychain?

Back 32

You use Keychains to store secrets such as resource passwords, digital certificates, and encryption keys. Thekeychain system can also securely store Safari AutoFill information, Internet Account settings, and secure textnotes

Front 33

How does the Keychain Access help protect your information?

Back 33

Keychain manages encrypted files that are used to securely save your items. By default, users have login andLocal Items keychains that use the same password as their account. Not even other administrative users canaccess your keychain secrets unless they know the keychain password.

Front 34

Where are keychain files stored?

Back 34

Each user starts with a login keychain saved at /Users/username/Library/Keychain/login.keychain and a LocalItems/iCloud keychain saved in the /Users/username/ Library/Keychains/UUID folder. Administrative users canmanage macOS authentication assets with the /Library/Keychain/System.keychain. Apple maintains severalitems in /System/Library/Keychains/ for macOS use

Front 35

What app should you use to manage keychain settings?

Back 35

You can manage keychains from the /Applications/Utilities/Keychain Access app

Front 36

When and why would you set up an iCloud Security Code?

Back 36

You don’t need an iCloud Security Code if you set up two-factor authentication. For Apple IDs that do not havetwo-factor authentication enabled, you can set up an iCloud Security Code the first time you enable iCloudKeychain for a specific Apple ID. You can use the iCloud Security Code to set up other devices for the iCloudKeychain service and you can use it to regain access to the iCloud keychain if you lose all your Apple devices.

Front 37

What’s required to set up iCloud Keychain on multiple Apple devices?

Back 37

Using an Apple ID, password, and iCloud Security Code

• Using an Apple ID and password and authorizing access from another Apple device that is configured foriCloud Keychain

Front 38

How can you limit the use of Location Services?

Back 38

You can use the Privacy pane of Security & Privacy preferences to configure app access to Location Services,Contacts, Calendars, Reminders, social network services, and Accessibility

Front 39

How can you ensure that audio recordings used for Dictation service remain private?

Back 39

If you enable the Use Enhanced Dictation feature in the Dictation & Speech preferences, Audio recordingsused for the Dictation service are not sent to Apple.

Front 40

Which feature can you enable to locate a lost Mac?

Back 40

. iCloud Find My Mac enables you to remotely locate a lost Mac. You enable this feature in iCloud preferences.To locate a lost Mac, use the iCloud website or the Find My iPhone app on an iOS device.

Front 41

What does the master password do?

Back 41

Use the master password to reset local account passwords.

Front 42

When users change their own account passwords, how are their login keychains affected?

Back 42

When users change their own account passwords, the system keeps their login keychain passwords in sync.

Front 43

. What options are available when you try to change the password for a user account with an Apple IDpassword?

Back 43

When you change the password for a user account with an Apple ID password, you can change to a separate,locally saved password or to the Apple ID password.

Front 44

. How can you reset a user’s lost account password?

Back 44

You can reset local account passwords in Users & Groups, by the master password at login, by a FileVaultrecovery key at startup, and by the Reset Password assistant in macOS Recovery. Users with local accounts withan Apple ID and password can manage their Apple IDs and passwords at https://appleid.apple.com or https://iforgot.apple.com.

Front 45

. How does resetting a user’s account password affect that user’s login keychain?

Back 45

The account password reset process won’t change any keychain passwords. Therefore, the user’s keychainsdon’t automatically open when the user logs in with a new password. The user will have to manually changethe keychain passwords using the Keychain Access utility.

Front 46

How does Firmware Password Utility help prevent users from making unauthorized password changes?

Back 46

The Firmware Password Utility prevents users from starting up from another system disk. This prevents themfrom using macOS Recovery to reset local passwords without authorization.

Front 47

How are disks, partitions, and volumes different from one another?

Back 47

Disks are the storage hardware. Partitions are logical disk divisions that are used to define storage space.Volumes, contained inside partitions, are used to define how individual files and folders are saved to storage.

Front 48

How does file system journaling work?

Back 48

File system journaling records which file operations are in progress at any given moment. This way, if a power failure or system crash occurs and the system restarts, it can quickly verify the integrity of the volume by “replaying” the journal.

Front 49

What is Core Storage, and what two major macOS Sierra features are implemented through Core Storage?

Back 49

Core Storage is a file system management layer that’s used by macOS Sierra to provide disk encryption as usedby FileVault, and to combine separate disks as used by Fusion Drive.

Front 50

What are the five ways you can eject a volume or disk from the Finder?

Back 50

File system journaling records which file operations are in progress at any given moment. This way, if a powerfailure or system crash occurs and the system restarts, it can quickly verify the integrity of the volume by“replaying” the journal.

Front 51

What is the potential side effect of improperly unmounting or ejecting a disk or volume?

Back 51

Improperly unmounting or ejecting a drive or volume may cause data corruption. macOS Sierra automaticallyverifies and repairs an improperly unmounted or ejected volume the next time it becomes available to theMac.

Front 52

Which two built-in macOS Sierra apps can you use to gather information about storage devices?

Back 52

Disk Utility and System Information can both be used to gather information about storage devices.

Front 53

What are the four erase options available in Disk Utility? How are they different?

Back 53

• Don’t Erase Data—Fastest and replaces the volume’s directory structure

• Pass Erase—Writes a pass of random data followed by a pass of zeros on the disk

• Pass Erase—Writes two separate passes of random data followed by a third pass of zeros on the disk

• 7-Pass Erase—Most secure; writes seven separate passes of random and patterned data on the disk

Front 54

How can you encrypt a disk without losing its contents?

Back 54

From the Finder, you can encrypt a disk without losing its contents by right-clicking the disk and thenchoosing Encrypt from the shortcut menu

Front 55

What does the Disk Utility First Aid feature do?

Back 55

Use the Disk Utility First Aid feature to verify and repair the partition scheme and directory structure of avolume. These elements contain the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.

Front 56

What is target disk mode and how is it engaged?

Back 56

Target disk mode shares a Mac computer’s internal disks through FireWire ports. You can engage Target diskmode from Startup Disk preferences or by holding down the T key as you turn on the Mac.

Front 57

How does FileVault protect user data?

Back 57

FileVault protects the entire system volume and all its data by using strong XTS-AES 128 encryption. Duringsystem startup, a user must enter a password to decrypt the system volume

Front 58

What are the system requirements for using FileVault?

Back 58

To enable FileVault, Mac computers must have the hidden macOS Recovery HD volume on the system disk.Also, any Legacy FileVault accounts must be decrypted and returned to normal accounts before FileVault canbe enabled.

Front 59

Which users are allowed to unlock a FileVault-protected system?

Back 59

Any user who’s FileVault enabled can unlock a FileVault-protected system. This includes any local or cachednetwork user account that was enabled when FileVault 2 was set up or created after FileVault 2 was enabled.Also, administrators may return to Security & Privacy preferences to enable additional accounts.

Front 60

What are the two ways you can save the FileVault recovery key when you enable FileVault in Security & Privacypreferences?

Back 60

When you enable FileVault in the Security & Privacy preferences, you can either manually save the FileVaultrecovery key using your own devices, or you can save the recovery key on Apple's servers through an iCloudaccount.

Front 61

How can you unlock a Mac protected by FileVault when all users have lost their passwords?

Back 61

Use the recovery key that was generated during the FileVault setup process to unlock a FileVault-protectedMac. Use the recovery key during system Mac startup to reset the user’s account password.