Across Life Span 3

Front 1

Sepsis S&S, DX, TX

Back 1

S&S: fever, hypothermia, increase HR, increased Resp, shock, change of mental status, rash, drop in urine output
DX: culture, WBC/platelets
TX: underlying cause, antiboitics, antifungals, antimicrobrial, IV fluids, O2

Front 2

Pharyngitis

Back 2

Classic triad of findings for Group A strep pharyngitis include: High fever, Tonsillar exudates, Anterior cervical adenopathy (in absence of significant cough)

Front 3

Chain of Infection: Six Factors

Back 3

Agent
Reservior
Portal of exit
Mode of Transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host

Front 4

Macules:

Back 4

seen in measles, <1cm, flat, nonpalpable, red, purple, brown, white or tan color

Front 5

Sepsis

Back 5

Infection of blood:
-Primary blood infection; no preexisting infection but contiminated by VAD
-Secondary blood infection; had an infection in another part of body

Front 6

Mumps DX and TX

Back 6

DX: swabbing and culture, mumps test
TX: treat symptoms, antibotics are not useful. Acetaminophen or NSAIDS combat fever, bed rest, Prevention with MMR

Front 7

Chicken Pox (varicella zoster)

Back 7

highly contagious virus, airborne resp, incubation: 2-3 weeks, can spread 1 day before eruption of skin.
S&S: fever for 24hrs, pruritic rash with macules to papules to vesicles which break and crusts, rash is centripetal (spreads from trunk to face to extrems. crusting is not contagious

Front 8

DTaP vaccination:

Back 8

give vaccine at 2, 4, 6, 15 months old and preschool (6yrs)

Front 9

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

Back 9

A self limiting disorder, aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, more in boys ages 3-12 years old, cause unknown

Front 10

Vesicles:

Back 10

<0.5cm, elevated palpable mass, containing serous fluid, seen in chicken pox, herpes simplex

Front 11

Scoliosis

Back 11

Lateral curvature of the spine

Front 12

Kyphotic spine

Back 12

Humpback

Front 13

Lordosis of the spine

Back 13

Exaggerated lumber curve

Front 14

Labs for burns

Back 14

Potassium moves from interstitial fluid to vascular and Sodium from vascular to interstitial. Results: hyperkalemia and hyponatremia

Front 15

Osteoporosis

Back 15

Bone Densitometry: The standard technique for determining bone density is a form of bone densitometry called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). DEXA is a simple and painless and takes 2-4mins.

Front 16

Osteomyelitis

Back 16

is an infection in the bones. Often, the orginial site of infection is elsewhere in the body, and spreads to the bone by the blood. Bacteria or fungus may sometime s be responsible for osteomyelitis

Front 17

Neurological Assessment:
Part 1; Cerebral function

Back 17

Mental Status: appearance
Intellectual function: average IQ
Thought content:to reality
Emotional status: affect or mood
Perception: recognize object
Motor ability: drink water
Language ability: speech patterns

Front 18

Rheumatic Fever

Back 18

is an acquired autoimmune after a group a beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection, many times after strep throat was not tx with pencillin

Front 19

HIV/AIDS

Back 19

Transmitted by bodily fluids, a provirus (permanent infected), is a retrovirus (carries genetic material in RNA which hides it), secretes reverse transcriptase inside of T4 cells.

Front 20

Meningococcal Meningitis

Back 20

severe bacterial infection. S&S: high fever, headache, vomiting, stiff neck, rash

Front 21

Epiglottitis

Back 21

It's most common causitive organism is Bacterial H-Influenzae.
Assess for difficult and painful swallowing, note increased drooling and refusal to drink, stridor. Don't inspect throat until arrival to ER, this could stimulate spasm of the epiglottis and cause resp occulsion

Front 22

Diarrheal diseases

Back 22

Campylobactor: ingest of bad food/3-5d incub
C.Diff: ingest fecal
Salmonella: ingest bad food or drink/12-36hrs incub
Shigella: ingest of bad food/drink, driect contact with carrier/1-3 day incub

Front 23

Chicken Pox

Back 23

The most distinctive sign of chickenpox infection is an itchy rash of read spots and blisters. It takes about 1-2 days fr a chickenpox red spots (macule) to go through all of its stages, including blistering, bursting, drying, and crusting over

Front 24

Methicillin-Resistant Staphlococcus Aureus (MRSA)

Back 24

overuse of antibolitics, resistant to PCN and methicillin, organism found in skin. S&S: small red bumps similiar to boils then abscess, deep and very painful, surgical drainage may be needed

Front 25

Impetigo

Back 25

staphylococcus aureus, contact with carrier, 4-10d incub. Honey-colored, crusty, oozing blisters or sores, most often between the upper lip and nose. Scratching blisters could spread impetigo. Tx with antibotics

Front 26

Chickenpox TX

Back 26

cool baths, calamine lotion, benadryl syrup, acetaminophen, antiviral (Zovirax)

Front 27

Legionellosis DX and TX

Back 27

DX: sputum culture, legionella pneumophila antigen in urine, 2 blood smaples 3-6 weeks apart and compare levels.
TX antibotics: erytrhomycin, levofloxacin (Levaquin), azithromycin (Zithromax)

Front 28

Mumps DX and TX

Back 28

DX: swab and culture, mumps test
TX: treat symptoms, antibotics are not useful, acetaminphen or NSAIDS combact fever, bed rest
Prevention: MMR vaccine

Front 29

TB

Back 29

After inhaled, bacteria to alveoli and mutiplies, body reacts by inflammation, neutro/macro engulf, lymph destroy bacteria and norm tissue, accumulation of exudates in alveoli leads to bronchopneumonia in 2-10wks. Granulomas composed of live and dead bacilli in lungs. Macrophages surronds and cause fibrous tissue (scarring)

Front 30

Brudzinki's neck sign

Back 30

One of the physically demonstrable symptoms of meningitis is Brudzinski's sign. Severe neck stiffness causes a patient's hips and knees to flex when the neck is flexed.

Front 31

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

Back 31

A self limiting disorder, aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, more in boys ages 3-12 yrs old, cause unknown

Front 32

Vaccinations

Back 32

Pertusssis vaccine: DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) given 2, 4, 6, 15 months and at 4-6 years old (preschool)

Front 33

Thyroid gland

Back 33

had two lobes connected by an isthmus (small connecting stalk) and is in the lower part of the neck just below the larynx. The thyroid gland produces 3 hormones: Thyroxine (T4), Triodothyronine (T3) and Calcitonin

Front 34

Zoonoses

Back 34

diseases that are caused by infectious agents that can jump from species to species
Example: Hanatavirus, Rabies, and pet diseases such as; Cat-Scratch fever, Campylobacter and salmonella

Front 35

Kernig's sign

Back 35

one of the physically demonstrable symptoms of meningitis is Kernig's sign. Severe stiffness of the hamstrings causes an inablility to straighten the leg when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees

Front 36

Vaccines

Back 36

Flu vaccination: especially for elderly for risk of autoimmune (Guillain-Barre' Syndrome and temporal arteritis), chronic disease, immunocompromised (infants, health care workers)

Front 37

Food-borne Hepatitis

Back 37

Hep A and Hep E, transmission; ingest bad food and drink and contact with carrier

Front 38

Gonorrhea

Back 38

infection with gonorrhea is more common in certain groups of people: adolescents and young adults, people (often poor) living in urban areas and Southern States, African, drug users

Front 39

Mononucleosis

Back 39

Epstein Barr Virus, contact with pharyngeal secreations, incubation: 4-6 wks

Front 40

Penicillin

Back 40

antibotic used for gonorrhea

Front 41

Pharyngitis

Back 41

classis triad of findings fro Group A strep pharyngitis include: high fever, tonsillar exudates, anterior cervical adenopathy (in absence of signficant cough)

Front 42

Negative feedback mechanism

Back 42

acts like a thermostat in the home. As the temp rises (deviation from he ideal norm value), the thermostat detects the change and triggers the air-conditioning to turn on and cool the house. Once the temp reaches its thermostat setting (ideal norm value), the air-conditioning turns off.

Front 43

Syphilis

Back 43

is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacteriium Treponema pallidum. Primary syphilis presents as a small painless open sore 3-6 weeks after exposure.

Front 44

Conjuctivitis

Back 44

inflammed conjuctiva, highly contagious with direct contact with exudate. Pinkeye blood vessel engorgement.
S&S: photophobia, itching, buring, scratching, drainage that is watery, mucoid, purulent, or mucopurulent.
Virus: (adenovirus/herpes), discharge is watery and last longer then bacteria
Bacteria: (strep/staph), acute onset of redness, burning and discharge variable

Front 45

PPD (TB test)

Back 45

Hospitalization of the patient with active TB requires strict adherence to guidelines of resp isolation and us of an airborne infection isolation room (negative-pressure room). Sputum specimens - collect 3 specimens fro smear and cult 8-24 hours apart

Front 46

where ever water is stagnant!

Back 46

Legionellosis: multisystem illness, gram neg, trans-resp by environmental source (water cooling, air condition, water facets, shower head, humidfiers, resp therapy equip). Infect lungs, incub: 2-10 days

Front 47

Rovsing's Sign

Back 47

is a sign of appendicitis. If palpation of the lower left quadrant of a person's abd results in more pain in the right lower quadrant.

Front 48

Mumps

Back 48

caused by paramyxovirus, direct contact with saliva, incub: 14-21d
S&S: fever, headache, malaise, anorexia for 24hrs, earache worse with chewing, parotisis (infected parotid gland)

Front 49

Vaccine

Back 49

chickenpox given at 12months. Older adults who had chickenpox do not need vaccine.
VZIG is affective in preventing disease if given within 96hrs of exposure