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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
BOOTP
Bootstap Protocol

Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) A UDP network protocol used by a network client to
obtain its IP address automatically. This is usually done during the bootstrap process
when a computer is starting up.

(Poulton, 2012 cd. glossary)
Broadcast
broadcast A routing technology that transmits data to all possible destinations on
the local subnet. This permits the sender to send the data only once and all receivers
can copy it.

(Poulton, 2012 cd. glossary)
Client Reservation
You can configure DHCP so that a DHCP server always assigns the same IP address to a client computer. This feature is known as client reservation. It maps the IP address to a specifiv MAC address, which is useful for configuring servers that must always be reached at the same IP address with a specified set of option. You can include client-specific options that override conflicting server and scope-based options.

(Poulton, 2012 p.114)
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DHCP works by providing IP addressing information from a pool of addresses called a scope, which is defined in the DHCP server's database. If a client accepts the address, it can use the address for a predefined period called a lease. If a client cannot obtain a lease of an IP address from a DHCP server, it cannot initialize TCP/IP normally.

(Poulton, 2012 p.89)
DHCP Options
The scope wizard enables you to specify several options related to the scope. DHCP in Windows Server 2008 provides a considerable range of options that you can use to specify additional TCP/IP-related parameters to client computers on your network. You can specify these options at any of the following four levels

- Server (specific for either IPv4 or IPv6; serves as defaults for all scopes configured on the server

- Scope ( applies only to the scope for which it is specified)

- Option Class (applies to all computers belonging to the defined option class)

- Client (applies only to the specified computer

(Poulton, 2012 p.108-109)
DHCP Relay agent
When a client computer starts up, it broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER message to locate a DHCP server and obtain TCP/IP configuration information. What happens if there is no DHCP server on the subnet to which the client belongs? Broadcast messages do not cross routers to access servers on another subnet unless the router is compliant with the RFC 1542 standard, "Clarification and Expectations for the Bootstrap Protocl. "Such a router can recognize and pass BootP broadcasts to other subnets, a feature known as BOOTP-forwarding. Note that nearly all current routers are RFC 1542 compliant, but you might still encounter legacy routers that are not.

(Poulton, 2012 p.117)
DHCP Scope
DHCP scope A range of IP addresses on a DHCP server that are available for the
server to lease to client computers. A scope generally defines a single physical subnet
on a network.

(Poulton, 2012 cd. glossary)
exclusion
exclusion A range of IP addresses within a scope that is configured to not be
leased by DHCP to clients. Typically, these are IP addresses of computers such as
servers that are configured with static or reserved IP addresses.

(Poulton, 2012 cd. glossary)
lease
The DHCP server and the DHCP-client both need to go through a four-phase process before DHCP configures the client with a working set of TCP?IP [aramenters. Note that many of the communications are in the form of broadcasts. The broadcasts nature of these communications can present a major problem. If routers on an internetwork are not capable of forwarding these DHCP messages.
1. DHCPDISCOVER
2. DHCPOffer
3. DHCPRequest
4. DHCPAck

(Poulton, 2012 p.89-90)
M Flag
Managed Address Configuration (M) Flag

Determines when DHCPv6 is used to obtain IPv6 stateful addresses. When set to 0, DHCPv6 is not used and stateless addresses are obtained. When set to 1, DHCPv6 is used to assign stateful addresses to IPv6 clients
multicast
Multicast scopes hand out IP addresses to multicast-enabled applications on the network. A multicast message is one that is sent once but received by more than one destination computer configured with a Class D IP address.

(Poulton, 2012 p.105)
MADCAP
Multicast Address Dynamic Client Allocation Protocol

Analogous to the use of DHCP for assigning unicast IP addresses, MADCAP allocates IP multicast network addresses to its clients. MADCAP actually operates independently of DHCP, although both services are supported by DHCP servers. Clients of one do not depend on the configuration of the other.

(Poulton, 2012 p.105)
O Flag
Other Stateful Configuration (O) Flag

Determines how additional IPv6 configuration parameters are obtained. This includes such settings as the IPv6 addresses of Domain Name Systems (DNS) servers. When set to 1, DHCPv6 is used to obtain these types of information. If the M flag is set to 0 and the O flag is set to1, a combination known as DHCPv6 stateless is being used, where DHCP v6 assigns additional staless configuration settings but not stateful addresses to IPv6 clients.

(Poulton, 2012 p.94)
PXE
Preboot Execution Environment

When using Windows Deployment Services (WDS) to install operating systems such as Windows 7 or Windows Server 2008 R2 on new computers, the network interface card (NIC) of the new computer must be compliant with the Preboot Execution Environment (PXE), which enables a computer to access an image across the network for installation purposes. Such a computer connects to WDS server which then installs the operating system across the network without the need for a CD or DVD.

(Poulton, 2012 p.120)
Reservation
reservation An IP address that is configured so that DHCP always assigns it to a
specific DHCP client.

(Poulton, 2012 cd. glossary)
Stateful Address Configuration
Stateful Address Autoconfiguration uses a staeful address configuration protocol, such as DHCPv6, to obtain non-link local addresses and other IPv6 configuration parameters.

(Poulton, 2012 p.94)
Stateless Address Configuration
Stateless Address autoconfiguration uses Router Advertisement messages to configure link-local addresses and additional addresses by exchanging Router Solicitation and Router Advertisements messages with neighboring routers

(Poulton, 2012 p.94)
Superscope
Superscopes are useful in situations where you are running out of IP addressee in in a regular scope. Using a suoerscope, you can combine two or more scopes in a single logical scope, and the DHCP server can hand out IP addresses to a client from either scope. To ensure proper communications, you have to configure important servers that use static IP addresses with an address from each scope contained with the superscope.

(Poulton, 2012 p.104-105)
user class
User Classes: Differentiates clients according to their type, such as desktop laptop, or server computer. For example, you can group mobile computers into a specific class and apply options, such as shorter lease times, to only tthese computers by supplying them with the relevent class ID, You can also define class identifiers that specify information, such as client's software configuration, Physical locations within a building, operating system in use and so on.

(Poulton, 2012 p.112-113)
vendor class
Identify a client's Vendor type and configuration when obtaining a DHCP klease. You can use the vendor Class ID option (code 60) to specify vendor classes. This option includes an identifier with a string of character data readable by the DHCP servers. Often used with vendor classes are standard reserved hardware and operating system codes defined in RFC 1700.

(Poulton, 2012 p.112)