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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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list the five sub-systems
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respiration
phonation articulation hearing neurology |
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intrinsic laryngeal muscles
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thyro-arytenoids (i.e. vocal folds)
posterior crico-arytenoid (PCA) lateral crico-arytenoid (inter)arytenoids crico-thyroid muscle |
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extrinsic laryngeal muscles
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supra-hyoids: raise larynx
infra-hyoids: lower larynx |
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laryngeal abductors
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posterior crico-arytenoid (PCA)
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laryngeal adductors
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lateral crico-arytenoid
(inter)arytenoids crico-thyroid muscle |
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arytenoid cartilages
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attached to the posterior/superior aspect of the cricoid cartilage,
form anterior and posterior attachments of the VFs |
attached to the _ / _ aspect of the _ _,
form _ and _ attachments of the _ |
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cricothyroid muscle
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paired muscle attached to front of cricoid cartilage that extends upward to lower border of thyroid cartilage,
primary muscle in pitch change, produces VF tension |
paired muscle attached to _ of _ _ that extends _ to _ border of _ _
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glottis
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potential space between VFs
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lateral crico-arytenoid muscle
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primary muscle of adduction, adducts at anterior 3/5 of VF
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transverse and oblique crico-arytenoid muscles
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adducts posterior 2/5 of VF
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articulation
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anatomical and physiological interplay resulting in speech sound production
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anatomical and physiological _ resulting in _ _ _
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morphology
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word formation
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phonology
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study of sound system
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phonation
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voicing
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Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
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intangible, theoretical structure, supposedly exclusive to humans, supported by Noam Chomsky
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tongue
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primary articulator
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orbicularis oris
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principle muscle acting upon the lips
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velo-pharyngeal port
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point of contact between velum and posterior pharyngeal wall
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average frequency for male voice
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125 Hz
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average frequency for female voice
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200 Hz
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sound
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a condition of disturbance of particles in a medium
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a condition of _ of _ in a _
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mass
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any form of matter capable of vibratory motion
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any form of _ capable of _ motion
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elasticity
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allows a medium to resist permanent distortion to its original shape or distribution of particles (aka "springiness")
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pure tone
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a sound of only one frequency (aka sinusoidal motion, sine wave, simple sound)
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complex sound
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sound in which energy is distributed at more than one frequency, such as in speech sounds
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sound in which _ is distributed at more than one _
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compression
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when molecules move away from the sound source
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rarefaction
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when molecules bounce back to original position due to elasticity
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absorption
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taking in of sound wave energy
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reflection
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phenomenon of sound waves bouncing off surfaces
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reverberation
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the prolongation of a sound through multiple or continuous reflections
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spatial concepts
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amplitude
wavelength |
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amplitude
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maximum displacement of particles of a medium (aka "loudness")
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maximum _ of _ of a _
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wavelength
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linear measurement of the distance a sound wave disturbance can travel during one complete cycle of vibration,
can be expressed in feet or meters, inversely related to frequency |
_ measurement of the _ a sound wave _ can _ during one _ _ of _
can be expressed in _ or _ inversely related to _ |
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longitudinal waves
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wave in which the particles of the medium move in the same direction as the movement of the wave,
e.g. as in a sound wave |
wave in which the particles of the _ move in the same direction as the _ of the wave
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inverse square law
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verifies the fact that sound propagation is spherical in nature by showing the predictability of amplitude measurements at specified distances from the sound source
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temporal concepts
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cycle
period frequency velocity |
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cycle
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a time concept referring to vibrator movement from rest position, to maximum displacement in one direction, to rest, to maximum displacement in the opposite direction, and back to rest again,
measured in seconds |
a _ concept referring to _ movement from _ position, to _ _ in one _, to rest, to _ _ in the opposite _, and back to rest again,
measured in _ |
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period
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time for one complete cycle of vibration to occur, measured in seconds
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frequency
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number of complete cycles that occur during a certain time period, expressed in cycles per second (cps) or Hertz (Hz)
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velocity
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the speed of sound through a transmitting medium (1100 ft/second or 340m/second)
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pitch
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perceptual correlate of frequency
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waveform
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an amplitude-by-time display of sound
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an _ by _ display of _
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spectrum
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graphical depiction of sound in which amplitude is plotted as a function of frequency reflecting a single instant in time
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spectrograms
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graph displaying sound in terms of frequency and amplitude variations as a function of time
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graph displaying sound in terms of _ and _ variations as a _ of _
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fundamental frequency
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the lowest frequency of a complex sound
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harmonics
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frequencies in the voicing spectrum which are whole number multiples of the fundamental frequency (aka partials)
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_ in the _ _ which are whole number multiples of the _ _
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periodic sounds
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the wave shape repeats itself as a function in time (e.g. pure tones, vowel sounds, voiced phonemes, musical instruments)
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aperiodic sounds
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the wave shape does not repeat itself as a function in time, does not possess fundamental or periodic frequency due to lack of cyclical behavior (e.g. unvoiced phonemes, static)
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the _ _ does not repeat itself as a _ in _, does not possess _ or _ frequency due to lack of _ _
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