Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
144 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
What is an enzyme found in pineapple?
|
Bromelain.
|
|
|
|
What are some functions of molybdenum?
|
Utilised in enzymes.
Iron storage. Detox abilities (detoxifies aldehydes - yeast overgrowth). Blocking agent (Cu). |
|
|
|
What is lipoic Acid?
|
An antioxidant, which is soluable in both fat and water, and can be used to treat glaucoma, cataracts and diabetic neuropathy (insulin related nerve damage).
|
|
|
|
What is B6 called?
What are some of the functions in the body? |
Pyridoxine.
Regulates sex hormone ratio. Mood elevation (GABA, Serotonin, tryptophan). |
|
|
|
What governs the body's use of Calcium?
|
Vitamin D
Parathyroid Hormone Sex Hormones Calcitonin & Mg |
|
|
|
What is the RDA for a MALE of Zinc?
What is the therapeutic dose? |
RDA - Male - 15mg
SR (therapurtic dose) - 30mg |
|
|
|
What are some signs of deficiency of Potassium?
|
Depression.
Increased Blood Pressure. Nervous Disorders. "tired eyelids" Constipation (remember rat study). Insomnia. |
|
|
|
What blocks the absorption or utilisation of Zinc?
|
Copper. Calcium. Iron.
Phytates. Alcohol. Stress. |
|
|
|
Sources of Ca
|
fish with soft bones
almonds dairy GLV's Egg yolk Soy |
|
|
|
Name a source of Quercetin
|
Onion.
Citrus. Tea. Red wine. |
|
|
|
What is a tocopherol?
|
Vitamin E
|
|
|
|
Virus sufferers can often have a deficiency in 2 (major) nutrients-
|
Selenium. Zinc.
|
|
|
|
What are some signs of Zinc Deficiency?
|
White spots on nails.
Skin problems. Lowered immunity. |
|
|
|
What would you prescribe Glucosamine for?
What dosage? And how long may it take to get an effect? |
For joint problems and arthritic conditions. It also plays a part in stomach lining, artery health and formation of GABA (the big chill out).
MINIMUM 1500mg day. It may take 4 weeks to achieve loading dose. |
glucosamine... big word... big dose.
|
|
|
Which 3 nutrients work synergistically
a)Zn, Cu, B6 b)Ca, Zn, Fe c)Mg, Zn, Fe d)Mg, B6, Zn |
D) Mg B6 Zn
|
|
|
|
What are some signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism?
|
Fatigue, Weight gain, dry skin and hair.
|
|
|
|
Vitamin C over 500mg can affect absorption of...
|
B12
|
|
|
|
What is super oxide dismutase?
|
A powerful antioxidant.
It is made up of Copper, zinc and Manganese and requires selenium for activation. |
|
|
|
Which B vitamin should accompany magnesium?
|
B6
|
Lack of mg can lead to menstural problems and odema. the B vitamin is also linked to menstural problems.
|
|
|
Vitamin A and lipoic acid can be used to treat....
|
Cataracts, Glaucoma and Diabetic neuropathy.
|
|
|
|
What is cobalamin?
|
B12
|
|
|
|
Levels of WHAT ENZYME have been shown to be decreased in up to 80% of cases of Cardiovascular disease?
|
Co-Enzyme Q 10
|
|
|
|
Which 3 nutrients work synergistically
a)Zn, Cu, B6 b)Ca, Zn, Fe c)Mg, B6, Zn d)Mg, Zn, Fe |
C) Mg, B6, Zn
|
|
|
|
What is the RDA of Chromium?
|
50-200ug
|
|
|
|
Which mineral, combined with B3, plays a major part in GTF (glucose tollerance factor)?
|
Chromium
|
|
|
|
Boron can be useful in the treatment of what ailment?
In what dose would you prescribe it? |
Arthritis!
9mg day. |
i'm denying there's ants in here...
|
|
|
Which type of person has a greater need for Iron?
|
Women (during childbearing years)
Pregnant Athletes Elderly |
|
|
|
what is the rec. dose of Phosphatidal serine?
|
300mg day.
|
phos-phat-idal serving! Big bust and 2 stomachs.
|
|
|
Sources of iodine...
|
Salt water fish and Seaweed
|
|
|
|
Iodine should always be taken with __nutrient_____ when treating hypothyroidism
|
Iodine should always be taken with tyrosine when treating hypothyroidism.
|
|
|
|
what are the major functions of Zinc?
|
Immunity
Fertility Stomach Acid Production Insulin Metabolism Bone mineralisation |
|
|
|
What element does Molybdenum block the absorption of?
|
copper.
|
|
|
|
Sources of CoQ10 are..
|
Meat, and it is synthesised in the body.
|
|
|
|
What vitamin increases the absorption of Iron?
|
Vitamin C!
|
|
|
|
Which heavy metal blocks Iodine?
|
Mercury
|
|
|
|
ADEK are all
|
Fat soluable
|
|
|
|
What can anticholesterol products interfere with in the body?
|
Absorbtion of fat soluable nutrients such as Vitamin A, D, E, K, CoQ10...
|
|
|
|
What decreases the absorption of Iron?
|
Low stomach acid.
Tannins. Phytates. |
|
|
|
What are some properties of Co-Enzyme Q 10?
|
Antioxidant.
Mitochondrial energy pathways. |
|
|
|
Spoon-shapes nails and fatigue are deficiency symptoms of:
|
Iron.
|
|
|
|
Deficiency symptoms for magnesium can include:
|
Fluid retention (odema) esp. in menstural situaations.
Cramping muscles during rest. |
|
|
|
What is a function of chromium?
|
Part of Glucose tollerance factor - activates insulin receptors.
|
|
|
|
Beta-carotenes conversion into Vitamin A can be blocked by what illness?
The same illness can also affect Nucleic acids turning into proitens... |
Hypothyroidism- as the conversion is driven by the thyroid.
|
|
|
|
For Hypothyroidism, what is the therepeutic dosage (SR) of Iodine?
|
SR = 1mg a day.
*with tyrosine* *away from mercury - which blocks it!* |
HYPO = SLOW. S-low
low dose |
|
|
What is a good food source of chromium?
|
Meat. WHOLE grains, cheese, mushrooms, asparagus, tea, beer (and brewers yeast) and wine.
|
|
|
|
What role does copper play in the blood?
|
it forms part of haemoglobin.
|
|
|
|
Deficiency of this will cause anaemia, disturbed cognition, poor immunity...
|
Iron.
|
|
|
|
Which nutrient assists in Glucosamine repairing cartilage?
It is also important in liver clearance and detoxification.... |
Sulphur.
|
|
|
|
What trace mineral activates thyroxine?
|
Selenium.
(Iodine - forms. Selenium - activates) |
|
|
|
What are some functions of Iron?
|
Oxygen transport. Sleep. Mood elevation. Energy production.
|
SOME iron?
|
|
|
What is PHOSPHATIDAL SERINE?
What is it useful for? |
Phosphatidal serine is closely related to memory neurotransmitters.
Use of this may help decrease age related memory loss and dementias. It may help spare the destruction of dendrites. |
|
|
|
6 brazil nuts a day will provide adequate intake of which nutrient?
|
Selenium.
|
|
|
|
What are some uses for sulphur?
|
it is required for maintainence of joints (with glucosamine), Liver clearance and detoxification.
|
|
|
|
Cramping during rest is a deficiency sign for...
|
Magnesium
|
|
|
|
OPTIMAL dose of Vitamin E is...
|
400-1200IU
|
|
|
|
Is Lipoic acid fat or water soluable?
|
Both fat and water soluable!
|
|
|
|
A great Bioflavonoid to prescribe to an injured athlete could be:
|
Hesperidin.
|
|
|
|
Which 3 nutrients work synergistically
a)Zn, Cu, B6 b)Mg, B6, Zn c)Ca, Zn, Fe d)Mg, Zn, Fe |
B!
Zinc is blocked by Cu, Ca and Fe. |
|
|
|
Potassium controls...
|
Water balance
Electrical stimulation of muscles and nerves |
|
|
|
Iodine is used for production of which hormone?
|
Thyroxine!
|
|
|
|
Biotin is depleted by
|
Excessive Eggs!
|
|
|
|
Which mineral is a major energy payer, *sedating agent*, and helps deal with stress?
Deficiency can be associated with muscle cramps. |
Magnesium
|
|
|
|
What inhibits Ca absorption?
|
Phosphates
Phytic Acid Oxalic Acid |
|
|
|
What are some functions of Vitamin C?
|
Collagen formation.
Adrenalin synthesis. |
|
|
|
What blocks Cu metabolism??
|
Vit C
Molybdenum Ca P Zn Fe |
|
|
|
Which antioxidant is especially useful in the treatment of Diabetic neuropathy, Cataracts and Glaucoma?
What dosage should be taken? |
Lipoic acid.
10-50mg a day. |
related to diabetes, diabetes strikes...
|
|
|
Fatigue, Weight gain, dry skin and hair are symptoms of....
|
Hypothyroidism.
|
|
|
|
Where is BROMELAIN found?
and What are some of it's properties? |
Bromelain is found in Pineapples.
It is anti-inflammatory, fibrolitic (note: useful in varicose veins) and mucolytic. |
|
|
|
Functions of Calcium...
|
Bones
Muscle contraction nerve function enzyme activity blood clotting |
|
|
|
Flavones, Flavonols, Flavanones, Catechins and Anthrocyanidins are all...
|
Bioflavinoids
|
|
|
|
This may help decrease the destruction of dendrites...
|
Phosphatidal serine.
|
|
|
|
High doses of Vitamin C can block which 2 nutrients?
|
Cu.
B12. Chromium. |
|
|
|
The Glucose tolerance factor is made up of which 2 notable nutrients?
|
B3 and Chromium
|
|
|
|
What are the functions of vit E in the body?
|
Maintain all mEmbranEs in the body.
Free radical scavenger - can become free radical though if oxidised! |
|
|
|
what are some symptoms of dehydration AND water intoxication?
|
Headaches.
Abdominal Cramps. Dizziness. Nausea. Lethargy. Stupor. |
|
|
|
Sugar, starch cellulose and glycogen are all....
|
Carbohydrates
|
|
|
|
Phospholipids are essential for what bodily functions?
|
Cell membrane formation, brain and nerve formation and absorption of fat soluable vitamins.
|
|
|
|
What are potential dangers of vitamin E and certain pharmaceutical medications?
|
It enhances the anticoagulant action of some medications--- may cause haemorrhage!
|
|
|
|
A well known phospholipid is
|
Lecithin
|
|
|
|
For a vegetarian to correctly combine proteins they need to eat 2 servings from WHICH 3 food groups?
|
1. Nuts & seeds
2. Legumes 3. grains |
|
|
|
Who needs most Ca?
|
pregnancy
Lactation Children |
|
|
|
Generally, how many grams of protein to we require a day?
|
0.9g of protein per kg weight.
|
|
|
|
How many amino acids make a protein?
|
30
|
|
|
|
Essential or non essential?
Leucine. What are its main functs? |
Essential.
Growth. muscles. blood sugar. wound healing. Part of Krebs cycle. |
|
|
|
Essential or non essential?
isoleucine. Name a function. |
Essential.
muscle. - may assist in muscle twitching and tremors. |
|
|
|
Essential or non essential?
Valine. Name a function. |
Essential
Krebs cycle. not much known. |
|
|
|
Vitamin K is essential for what bodily process...
|
Coagulation.
|
|
|
|
Essential of non essential?
Phenylalanine? Funct? |
Essential.
Can cross blood-brain barrier. affect brain chem. precursor to tyrosine. |
|
|
|
When is a mineral essential?
|
When a disease state occurs if the nutrient is removed fro the diet, but will disappear if reintroduced.
|
|
|
|
Essential of non essential?
tryptophan? Funct? |
Essential.
S4. Synthesis of serotonin. Precursor to B3. |
|
|
|
Bleeding gums and easy bruising can be a deficiency sign for...
|
Vitamin C and Bioflavinoids.
|
|
|
|
Essential of non essential?
Methionine? Funct? |
Essential.
Contains sulfur. Good for skin probs. Antihistamine. |
|
|
|
Essential of non essential?
Lysine? funct? |
Essential.
Muscle tissue. Increase absorption of Ca. bone growth and collagen formation. |
|
|
|
Name the electrolytes
|
K
Na Cl |
|
|
|
Which non essential amino acid has been linked to neural tube defects, atherosclerosis and clot formation, when in high serum concentration?
|
Homocysteine
|
|
|
|
What dosage of CoQ10 would you reccomend for a patient with Cardiovascular disease?
|
100mg day.
|
CoQ10<br />
C0Q10<br /> 10Q |
|
|
Which vitamins are water soluable?
|
B and C!
|
|
|
|
High intake of simple carbohydrates will deplete what vitamin?
|
B group.
|
|
|
|
What will deplete B vitamins?
|
Refined carbs and the OCP.
|
|
|
|
Which vitamin recycles Vitamin E?
|
Vitamin C
|
|
|
|
What is the name for B1?
|
Thiamine
|
|
|
|
What deficiency causes Beri Beri?
|
B1 - Thiamine
|
|
|
|
What are the main functions of B vitamins?
|
Energy production.
Support the nervous system and cognitive skills. |
|
|
|
What is Choline:
Where is it from? how is it formed? |
A component of Lecithin.
Formed from methylation of Serine. |
|
|
|
What is B2 called?
|
Riboflavin.
|
|
|
|
Deficiency of B2 (Riboflavin) may result in what symptoms?
|
Gritty, red eyes. Sensitivity to light.
Scaly, greasy dermatitis. Cracks in corners of mouth. Red, swollen tongue. |
R-EYE-boflavin
|
|
|
A major action of bioflavinoids:
|
Antioxidant.
|
|
|
|
What is the name for B3?
|
Niacin.
|
|
|
|
What is Niacin a precursor for?
|
Tryptophan
|
|
|
|
What Deficiency causes Pellagra?
|
B3 - Niacin
|
|
|
|
What is pantothenic Acid?
What is a deficiency symptom of it? |
B5
Burning feet. Fatigue. |
|
|
|
What foods contain potassium?
|
nuts
Seeds legumes some veg |
|
|
|
what is vitamin A required for?
|
Vision.
brain Development. Bone development. reproduction. Immune function |
|
|
|
Where is Ca absorbed?
|
Small intestine
|
|
|
|
What is a function of Folic acid?
|
helps prevent neural tube defects during pregnancy.
|
|
|
|
Folic acid can mask WHAT deficiency?
|
B12
|
|
|
|
Deficiency of K can result in...
|
Constipation
Acne Depression |
|
|
|
What deficiency is responsible for pernicious anaemia?
|
B12
|
|
|
|
Cobalt is an important part of which mineral?
|
B12
|
|
|
|
Diadzein and Genestein are found in...
|
Soy products
|
|
|
|
What two B vitamins help decrease build up of homocystiene?
|
B12 and B3
|
|
|
|
Which 3 nutrients work synergistically
a)Mg, B6, Zn b)Ca, Zn, Fe c)Mg, Zn, Fe d)Zn, Cu, B6 |
A) Mg, B6, Zn
|
|
|
|
Name the powerful antioxidant made up of Cu, Zn and Mn
|
Super oxide dismutase.
|
|
|
|
What 3 elements make up super oxide dismutase?
|
Cu
Zn Mn |
*Cu* *Z*oom off after a mutant *SUPER* *Man*!
|
|
|
Where are carotenoids found?
|
orange, yellow and dark green leafy veg's. Egg yolk.
|
|
|
|
Supplement Vitamin A by using...
|
Cod liver oil
|
|
|
|
Who may be deficient in Vitamin A?
|
Elderly.
Malabsorption: coeliac, cirrosis, surgery... |
|
|
|
Cramps experienced during movement are most likely caused by lack of...
|
Ca
|
|
|
|
What's a quick test for vitamin A deficiency?
|
night blindness!
|
|
|
|
What is the RDA of Vitamin E?
When is toxicity experienced? |
10mg
3200mg |
|
|
|
What is the RDA of Vitamin A?
What is a toxicity affect? |
RDA 2500 IU
Birth Defects. Stored in fat deposits. |
|
|
|
Deficiency of Vitamin A may be associated with what illness?
|
Immune Disease.
Problems with membranes and skin. |
|
|
|
What 4 areas is vitamin A mainly concerned with?
|
Skin.
Mucous Membranes. Immunity. Antioxidant. |
|
|
|
Choliecalciferol is...
|
Vitamin D
|
|
|
|
Sources of Vitamin D are...
|
Sunlight on skin.
Egg yolk. Fish Oils. Yeast. |
|
|
|
What do we need to form bone?
|
Ca.
P Boron Vit D Mg |
|
|
|
What is a site of action in the body for vitamin D?
|
T cells in the immune system.
|
|
|
|
Excessive intake of WHAT may decrease production of vitamin D?
|
Calcium.
|
|
|
|
What dose of Potassium can be toxic, and what will the effects be?
|
Over 12g.
Arrythmia, diarrhoea, tingling, weakness, paralysis |
|
|
|
What binds to Vitamin D?
|
Mineral oil
|
|
|
|
What do Na and Cl do?
|
Regulate extracellular fluid eg. blood plasma.
Muscle and nerve activity. |
|
|
|
What can cause Mg deficiency?
|
Diarrhoea
Loop Diuretics Malabsorption Alcoholism |
|
|
|
3 causes of cramps
|
low Ca
low Mg low Na |
|
|
|
Cramps experienced during rest are most likely caused by lack of...
|
Mg
|
|
