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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the equation for anion gap?
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[Na+]-([Cl-]+[HCO3-])
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What are the 3 category causes of metabolic acidosis?
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1) inability excrete H+
2) fixed acid load 3) HCO3 loss |
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What are the things that you see with metabolic acidosis?
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1) acidic blood pH
2) decreased [HCO3-] from buffering 3) decreased PCO2 from respiratory compensation |
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What are the two causes of the inability to excrete H+?
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1) renal failure
2) type 2 RTA (hypoaldosteroneism) |
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What are the ways that you could have a fixed acid load causing metabolic acidosis?
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1) lactic acidosis (shock)
2) ketoacidosis (DKA) 3) overdose of salicylate, methanaol, ethylene glycol,etc |
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What are the causes of metabolic alkalosis?
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H+ loss
HCO3 excess |
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What causes H+ loss in metabolic alkalosis?
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1)vomiting
2) hyperaldosteroneism 3) diuretics |
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What causes HCO3 XS in metabolic alkalosis?
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1) administration of HCO3
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How do you get contraction alkalosis?
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1) loop diuretics
2) NOT C.A. inhibitors |
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What do you usually see with metabolic alkalosis?
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hypokalemia
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What two hormones contribute to metabolic alkalosis?
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AG II and aldosterone
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What are some of the causes of respiratory acidosis?
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1)inhibition of medullary respiration system
2) disorders of respiratory muscles 3) upper airway obstructure 4) disorders of gas exchange across pulmonary capillary |
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What are the causes of respiratory alkalosis?
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)hypoxemia
2) direct stimulation of medullary respiratory center |
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Can you have a large anion gap without metabolic acidosis as primary disorder?
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yes in metabolic acidosis with severe vomiting
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What do you see in metabolic acidosis compensated by hypoventilation?
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1)elevated pH
2)PCO3 elevated 3) HCO3 elevated |
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What are the findings of metabolic acidosis?
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1)XS fixed H
2) [HCO3-] decreases when you buffer XS H+ with ECF HCO3 3) blood HCO3 decreases 4) blood pH increases 5) stimulate central chemoreceptors 6) hyperventilation (resp compensation) 7) decrease PCO2 8) buffering in ICF 9) kidneys compensate for lost bicarb |
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What are the findings of metabolic alkalosis?
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1) loss of fixed H+
2) blood HCO3 concentration increase 3) arterial pH increase 4) inhibits central chemoreceptors 5) hypoventilation (resp compensation) 6) increase PCO2 7) normalize pH 8)buffering in ICF 9) renal compensation to decrease HCO3 |
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What are the steps of respiratory acidosis?
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1) hypoventilation
2)retention of CO2 3) increased PCO2 4) decreased pH 5) no respiratory compensation 6) pH goes way down 7) later- kidneys respond by resorbing HCO3 8) normalize pH |
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What are the steps of respiratory alkalosis?
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1) hyperventilation
2) decreased PCO2 3) increased pH 4) no respiratory compensation 5) wait for kidneys to act and decrease HCO3 resorption 6) normalize blood pH |
