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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Respiratory Alkalosis (blow-off CO2)
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Hyperventilation
-hypoxia -Pulmonary embolism -Anxiety, fear, pain, stress fever Mechanical over-ventilation Stimulated respiratory center -Septicemia -Brain injury |
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Respiratory Acidosis (retain CO2)
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COPD
Barbiturate overdose, hypoventilation Severe pneumonia Guillain-Barre syndrome, other muscle weakness-depressed respirations Under ventilation or Atelectasis |
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Metabolic Acidosis
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Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Starvation, crash diets Severe Diarrhea, (ileostomy) Renal Failure, increased K+ Shock GI Fistulas ASA overdose |
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Buffer Systems
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Chemical buffers include: bicarbonate (HCO3), PO4, and protein buffers
The most important buffer sys. is carbonic acid (H2CO3) bicarb (HCO3) system |
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Buffer Systems
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The function of buffers is to react with strong acids & bases & replace them with weak ones that change the normal pH only slightly
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Renal System: Third Responder
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Slow to respond
Takes 2-3 days to respond maximally |
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Respiratory System: Second Responder
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Responds within minutes
Reaches maximum effectiveness within hours |
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Acid-Base Balance
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The acidity or alkalinity of a solution depends on its' H+ concentration
An increase H+ = acidity (Decrease pH) A decrease H+ = alkalinity (increase pH) |
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Alkalosis
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a pH > 7.45
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Acidosis
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a pH < 7.35
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Normal Values of pH
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7.35 - 7.45
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How do you treat Respiratory Acidosis?
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Treat the cause
Administer 100% oxygen per non rebreather If patient is unable to manage own airway, consider intubation and ventilation |
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How do you treat Respiratory Alkalosis?
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TREAT THE CAUSE: anti-anxiety/ sedative meds, instruct in slow, even breathing, breathe in co2, paper bag / re-breather bag
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How do you treat Metabolic Acidosis?
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1) TREAT THE CAUSE...treat blood sugar of a diabetic.
2) Can give sodium bicarbonate (antacids) |
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How do you treat Metabolic Alkalosis?
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TREAT THE CAUSE.
MAINTAIN FLUID BALANCE Give NaCL--absorption of NaCL allows for excretion of bicarbonate |
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What does ROME stand for?
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Respiratory Opposite
Metabolic Equal |