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16 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Respiratory Alkalosis (blow-off CO2)
Hyperventilation
-hypoxia
-Pulmonary embolism
-Anxiety, fear, pain, stress fever
Mechanical over-ventilation
Stimulated respiratory center
-Septicemia
-Brain injury
Respiratory Acidosis (retain CO2)
COPD
Barbiturate overdose, hypoventilation
Severe pneumonia
Guillain-Barre syndrome, other muscle weakness-depressed respirations
Under ventilation or Atelectasis
Metabolic Acidosis
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Starvation, crash diets
Severe Diarrhea, (ileostomy)
Renal Failure, increased K+
Shock
GI Fistulas
ASA overdose
Buffer Systems
Chemical buffers include: bicarbonate (HCO3), PO4, and protein buffers
The most important buffer sys. is carbonic acid (H2CO3) bicarb (HCO3) system
Buffer Systems
The function of buffers is to react with strong acids & bases & replace them with weak ones that change the normal pH only slightly
Renal System: Third Responder
Slow to respond
Takes 2-3 days to respond maximally
Respiratory System: Second Responder
Responds within minutes
Reaches maximum effectiveness within hours
Acid-Base Balance
The acidity or alkalinity of a solution depends on its' H+ concentration
An increase H+ = acidity (Decrease pH)
A decrease H+ = alkalinity (increase pH)
Alkalosis
a pH > 7.45
Acidosis
a pH < 7.35
Normal Values of pH
7.35 - 7.45
How do you treat Respiratory Acidosis?
Treat the cause
Administer 100% oxygen per non rebreather
If patient is unable to manage own airway, consider intubation and ventilation
How do you treat Respiratory Alkalosis?
TREAT THE CAUSE: anti-anxiety/ sedative meds, instruct in slow, even breathing, breathe in co2, paper bag / re-breather bag
How do you treat Metabolic Acidosis?
1) TREAT THE CAUSE...treat blood sugar of a diabetic.
2) Can give sodium bicarbonate (antacids)
How do you treat Metabolic Alkalosis?
TREAT THE CAUSE.
MAINTAIN FLUID BALANCE
Give NaCL--absorption of NaCL allows for excretion of bicarbonate
What does ROME stand for?
Respiratory Opposite
Metabolic Equal